Yongle and the Xuande period afterwards were a peak in porcelain production.

The green materials used during this period were mainly Su Ni Boqing, and "rust spots" were often seen.

There are also some domestic blue materials, but even domestic materials have a very good hair color.

The utensils include plates, bowls, pots, jars, cups, etc.

In particular, some monk hat pots, ribbon flat pots, flower watering and other utensils have appeared.

This reflects the cultural exchanges and integration with the foreign domain during this period.

The patterns are often covered with various tangled or broken branches, flowers and fruits, dragons and phoenixes, sea water, sea monsters, swimming fish, etc.

The body is delicate and denser than before, with a plump glaze, and orange peel patterns are more common.

Compared with the artifacts of the two dynasties, Yongle's instruments are lighter and more beautiful.

Blue and white hair color is brighter and rust marks are heavier.

The patterns are sparse and the depiction is more delicate.

The base glaze is whiter, and most of the utensils have no styles. Only the four-character seal script style "Made in Yongle Nian" is seen.

The Xuande instrument has a thicker body, a tighter pattern, and a slightly green base glaze.

There are many styles with 4- or 6-character styles, and there is a saying that "Xuande style cloths the whole body".

In general, Xuande blue and white blue is large in number, with many varieties and wide influence, so there is a saying that "Blue and white are the first to be recommended Xuande".

However, this style was indeed available at the time of Yongle, especially the four-character Yongle year model.

Yongle style is a general term for the porcelain styles of the Yongle official kiln in Ming Dynasty.

Official kiln porcelain is marked with the emperor's year name, which started during the Yongle period and became customized.

However, most of them do not write the year, and a small number of them have the year, which can be divided into three types: blue and white or underglaze red writing styles, cone engraving styles and molded styles.

Seal script is the most common in font recognition, and there are also some regular script and cursive script.

Seal script style is the most common type in Yongle official kiln porcelain. Currently, all the four-character two-line arrangements are arranged in the "Yongle Year" in two words.

Cone engraving and molded models are mainly found on Yongle monochrome glaze porcelain.

The position is in the inner core or inner wall, and the character is arranged in two lines in the center of sunflower or a single circle.

The molded prints are mainly found on sweet white glaze thin body printing instruments.

The cone carving style is mainly found on Yongle red glaze or sweet white glaze carving.

The Yongle year style is written, engraved, and printed, and the strokes are smooth, the strokes are round and the structure is rigorous.

The Yongle year model has the main trim: single circle, dragon and phoenix, lace, wheel shape, cloud pattern, and oval double circles.

There are also single-lank outer lace, single-lank outer peripheral decoration cloud patterns, etc.

The borders have a variety of forms and are detailedly depicted, which is also one of the important features of the Yongle era model.

In the early years of Yongle, the imperial court set up an imperial instrument factory in JDZ in the Ming Dynasty.

The fired imperial weapon was the earliest official kiln model in Jingzhen.

Yongxuan porcelain is very famous. Chen Wenzhe has been involved before, and he also collected many precious porcelains from the Xuande period.

Therefore, for this aspect, Chen Wenzhe did not want to study it too deeply this time.

Instead, he was more concerned about the next three dynasties, because this was a very famous gap in history, that is, the famous gap period.

The Ming Zhengtong, Jingtai and Tianshun dynasties led to economic recession due to political turmoil, natural disasters and man-made disasters.

Moreover, since the beginning of the orthodox, many orders have been issued to "ban the production of official porcelain".

Therefore, the number of porcelains was relatively small during this period, and it was called the "blank period" in the history of ceramics.

In general, the main types of this periodic instrument are bottles, jars, bowls, cups, plates, etc.

Some of the green materials used are still "Su Qing".

Some of the blue and white hair colors are bright, similar to Xuande utensils, while others are elegant, and similar to Chenghua utensils.

The glaze surface is mostly gray and the carcass is thicker.

The base foot is not delicate and has a sense of integrity;

It is often seen that the shallow, wide and flat sand bottoms are seen, some are sticky sand, and some are seen red flint.

The orthodox bottle has a straight neck shape, which is consistent with the Xuande instrument;

The Tianshun period is like a trapezoidal shape that is narrow at the top and broad at the bottom, which is similar to the Chenghua period.

The body of the bottle and jar is full of shoulders, round belly, lowered, and slightly outward;

The plum vase body is longer than Xuande.

The patterns are mainly composed of dots and strokes, including figures, flowers, dragons and phoenixes, peacocks, etc.

The background of the characters, many large cloud patterns are painted.

Bottle and jar borders like to paint sea water patterns or banana leaf patterns. The stems in the banana leaf are white, and the leaves are wider, like small trees.

The orthodox style is the character "Fu";

The original meaning of Jingtai was to move the heart of the instrument to the bottom of the instrument. In addition to the word "Fu", there are also "Made in Taiping Year", "Taiping", "Made in Daqing Year", etc.;

Tianshun has year marks, Sanskrit marks, etc.

The development and evolution process of the official kiln bottoms in the Ming Dynasty is still very interesting.

Of course, this period is also very important, because it was also from this period that the porcelain organ patterns that we have seen for a long time officially appeared.

If you analyze it carefully, you will find that the production and production of porcelain in the Ming Dynasty can be divided into three periods.

Early (1368-1435): Hongwu, Jianwen, Yongle, Hongxi, Xuande; among them, Yong and Xuan dynasties were the peaks.

Middle Period (1435-1521): Zheng Orthodox, Jingtai, Tianshun, Chenghua, Hongzhi, Zhengde;

Among them, porcelain from the Chenghua period is the most famous, and it is said that "the Ming Dynasty sees Chenghua and the Qing Dynasty sees Yongzheng".

Late period (1521-1644): Jiajing, Longqing, Wanli, Taichang, Tianqi, Chongzhen.

Affected by the three major factors of geographical discoveries, globalization of commodities and silverization of currency, the output and export scale of porcelain in the Jiajing and Wanli periods reached the peak of the Ming Dynasty.

Before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, there was no standardized porcelain in Jingzhen.

After Yongle, official kiln porcelain began to appear with the year-title of this dynasty on it to demonstrate the supremacy and uniqueness of imperial power.

As for folk kiln products, the main products are the main products of the stem and branch and the picture.

The most common one is written in blue and white, and there are also patterns such as hidden engraving, embossing and alum red.

In fact, the writing year of official kiln porcelain can be traced back to the Song Dynasty at the earliest, but it is rare and there is no system.

For example, some of the objects in the Jiankang in the Song Dynasty saw "Jinhu" and "Shangyu" engraved in the bottom of the foot of the Song Dynasty, which was used as an inscription for tributes.

The Palace Museum contains several Ru kiln ware engraved with the words "Fenghua" and "Cai" on the bottom.

Among them, "Fenghuazun" was the favorite Ru kiln ware of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty.

This was specially imitated when Chen Wenzhe fired Ru kiln porcelain.

The word "Fenghua" is said to be the Fenghua Palace where Mrs. Liu, the favorite concubine of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty.

The bottles and zun with these two-character styles are porcelain furnished in Mrs. Liu’s palace.

Next is Ding Kiln. There are some utensils in Ding Kiln that were engraved with "officials" and "new officials" in the Northern Song Dynasty, which are also considered to be special porcelains for worshipping the palace.

Some white glaze porcelains in the Yuan Dynasty were stamped with the word "Shufu" (called Shufu white porcelain).

There are also "Taixi", "Dongwei", "Fu Shou" and so on.

In addition, other signatures are rare.

The practice of formally writing the imperial epoch at the bottom of porcelain began in the Yongle Dynasty, but it was still not common compared to later generations.

During the Xuande period, the emperor loved to boast about the boastfulness, and under the magnificent atmosphere formed by the "Ren Xuan Governance", his personal desires were quite inflated.

It is precisely because of this that the porcelain organs of the Xuande period were truly formed, and they were also very exaggerated.

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