Finally, we have to talk about the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen. After Emperor Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yunwen, was defeated by the palace, his whereabouts have always been a mystery.

Recently, an ancient tomb with a strong momentum was discovered in Shangjinbei Village in Hu Jianningde area.

Experts and scholars from inside and outside the province believe that Emperor Jianwen was defeated in the Battle of Jingnan and fled after burning the palace, and finally fled to eastern Fujian.

Scholars who study the ancient tombs in Shangjinbei Village in Ningde believe that the tombs found in Shangjinbei Village may be the tombs of Emperor Jianwen that the historical community has been searching for for 600 years.

After the Jingnan Campaign, Emperor Jianwen hid in the folk legends.

As for whether this ancient tomb is the tomb of Emperor Jianwen, it is impossible to prove now.

What is now certain is that Emperor Jianwen’s journey to the emperor ends in four years.

As the emperor, he was too kind and sometimes even indecisive.

If he is made a minister, he believes that he can love the people as his son and be honest with others.

But being an emperor is different. The emperor is destined to be inseparable from his blood. He wants to eliminate dissidents and establish his imperial power.

If we cannot do this, the emperor will eventually be eliminated by history. Emperor Jianwen is such a tragic figure.

So what about the descendant of Emperor Jianwen? As the winner, what did Zhu Di do after he took office?

The year number and style of the official kiln porcelain of the Yongle Dynasty of Ming Dynasty are also a big problem now.

Or porcelain, the imperial porcelain fired during this period of Jingzhen Imperial Kiln Factory is relatively unique in terms of official kiln signatures.

For example, Yongle blue and white porcelain is generally not recognized by the official kiln style.

At present, only the inner heart of the Ming Yongle blue and white hand-pressing cup collected in the Palace Museum in Shendu is the four-character seal script style "Made in Yongle Nian".

This is the only type of Yongle blue and white porcelain with signatures.

According to the "Baowu Yaolan" written by Gu Yingtai in the late Ming Dynasty, "In the year of Yongle, a hand-pressing cup, a mouth full, a waist folded, a sandy foot slipped, and a double lion rolling ball in the center... This is the best, followed by mandarin duck hearts, and a flower heart is second."

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The collections of the Palace Museum in Shendu can be verified with documentary records.

And through this sentence, those who want to imitate Yongle blue and white instruments should know that Yongle blue and white double lion rolling ball hand cup should be the most valuable.

However, Chen Wenzhe, who wanted to imitate more porcelain as much as possible, knew better that he could also imitate the mandarin duck hand-pressing cup and the flower-hearted hand-pressing cup.

Don’t think that some people in the Ming Dynasty said which kind of porcelain is better, and it has been passed down to this day.

Just like in a hand-pressing cup, there are very few people with mandarin ducks.

Even if it is the former collection of the Forbidden City of Shendu, there are those who lack the mandarin duck picture. Now all you can see are the Wanli Mo in the Ming Dynasty and the Kangxi Mo in the Qing Dynasty.

Therefore, even among the grades of the Ming Dynasty, it is not as good as the double lion rolling ball-style hand-pressing cup.

But now, it is more rare and more precious.

After all, they are all official kilns, and the quality is not much different. The reason why there are levels is that the palace owners have different preferences.

Of course, there are also reasons for class division. No matter how they are divided, the lion is higher than the mandarin duck.

It should be noted that in the 1980s, Jingzhen made high-quality imitation objects, and conducted meticulous measurements and research on the weight, carcass thickness and craftsmanship of the Ming Yongle blue and white hand pressing cups in the Forbidden City to make high-quality imitation objects. The imitation was quite realistic.

However, the imitation products are still somewhat different from the authentic ones in terms of their signature and blue and white hair color.

And in the past decade, the imitations produced have become even worse.

Among modern imitations, blue and white porcelain with four-character seal script imitating the "Yongle Nian" is more common.

The utensils include bottles, jars, plates, and bowls. The fake styles are generally written in blue and white at the bottom of the utensils.

Some are written on the shoulder of the bottle, and the seal script is written in blue and white horizontally with a single or two-frame outer periphery;

Some are painted with blue and white fire bead patterns on the bottom of the instrument, and the fake style is written in the center of the fire bead patterns.

If you do not understand the characteristics of Yongle blue and white, these fabricated products will be easily achieved by getting rid of them.

In addition to the particularity of the blue and white styles, from the perspective of the handed down products, there are also underglaze dark styles with carving and molding on the body of Yongle white glaze or red glaze porcelain.

All such porcelains are made of four-character seal script styles "made in Yongle Nian".

The font has thick and round strokes and a rigorous structure.

It mostly appears under the glaze of sweet white glaze porcelain and red glaze porcelain, which is a special signature of the Yongle period.

It should be noted that a so-called sweet white glaze dark floral thin body porcelain is commonly found on the market, with cloud dragon patterns and cloud phoenix patterns.

The four-character seal script engraved on the bottom of the vessel is engraved with the four-character seal script, and there are also those who secretly engraved with the word "tian".

This white glaze thin body porcelain is extremely thin, as if it is semi-reborn.

The body is thinner than the sweet white glaze ware in the Ming Yongle, the Doucai ware in the Ming Chenghua, and the Kangxi Five-Colored Twelve Flower God Cup in the Qing Dynasty.

Before, Chen Wenzhe made thin-body porcelain and had specialized in researching this technology.

Generally, this type of thin body porcelain has fine white body, and the pattern is very clear when viewed with a light source.

Many collectors mistakenly regard such objects as Ming Yongle sweet white glaze ware, which is very wrong.

In fact, there are many antiques made now, such as the "Yongle Nian" underglaze red-woven flower pattern bowl.

If you want to collect it, you need to pay attention to several common fabricated products with "Yongle" styles.

One is the underglaze red tangled flower pattern bowl, which is written in the inner part of the bowl with "Made in Yongle Nian" underglaze red seal script style.

The glaze of this small bowl is very bright!

In fact, judging from the excavation information of the Imperial Kiln Factory in the Ming Dynasty, the underglaze red porcelain from the Yongle period was still very immature, and the handed down products were extremely rare.

Another type of fabricated product often contains words such as "reward", "monarchy", and "praise", which is faked to be rewarded by the royal family.

This is more deceptive to collectors who do not understand the characteristics of Yongle porcelain.

Neon Osaka City Oriental Art Museum has two Ming Yongle white glaze plum vases in the collection.

The two words "Nianfu" written on the shoulder of the bottle are written in blue and white, and the pen is sparse and simplified, and it is a royal instrument in the Yongle period.

Judging from the current information, there are only two similar objects in China.

One is a white glaze plum vase in the Ming Yongle "Nianfu" inscribed by the Shendu Cultural Research Institute, which once unearthed a white glaze plum vase in the Dianhai.

The other one is in the 1990s, when a collector of Shendu purchased a white-glazed plum vase in the Ming Yongle "Nianfu" in Xiangjiang.

However, both of these utensils do not have blue and white vase caps.

It is because the inner palace used to go abroad in the Ming Dynasty that the fabricated "neifu" white glaze dark dragon pattern eight-edged plum vase appeared on the market now.

Today's market, especially in the high-end market, cannot be said to be seen frequently, but it is still very likely that similar imitations may occur occasionally.

If you carefully study the characteristics of Yongle sweet white glaze and blue and white hair color, it will not be difficult to distinguish the authenticity of this imitation.

New imitations, including blue glaze with white glaze "Neifu" and "Shufu" written on the shoulder, and red glaze plum vases, are all fabricated objects.

Yongle and Xuande's blue and white porcelain are all good.
Chapter completed!