.

After this incident, Zhao Gang's vacation finally ended, which ended under the condition of a father-in-law. Officials from all over the country could start working normally, without worrying that one day, His Majesty the Emperor suddenly appeared beside him. People who are too important are more like the sun for these ordinary people. They can enjoy the sun when they are far away, and they will be roasted into charcoal when they are too close.

When he returned to his job, the first thing Zhao Gang wanted to do was to collect those foreign scientists. For a collection madman, collecting foreign celebrities would be more fulfilling. Soon, based on his impression, Zhao Gang listed his own collection list. In Zhao Gang's impression, he only knew one scientist.

This is Einstein, not the world-famous German-American scientist, the founder and founder of modern physics. A few years ago, Einstein graduated from the Technical University of Zurich and then began to lose his job. The huge damage caused by the war made him have no time to take care of other things. As long as he can survive, he will be victorious.

He obtained Swiss nationality in 1901. After 1902, he was unable to enter an academic institution and only found a temporary job as an examiner at the Bern Patent Office in Switzerland. He was hired as a technician by the Bern Swiss Patent Office in Bern to engage in technical appraisal of invention patent applications. But there, the science that Einstein had been strangled by formal education finally burst out again, and his easy work allowed Einstein to continue to devote himself to scientific research.

After a difficult search, the Chinese search personnel finally confirmed that Einstein was the person His Majesty the Emperor was looking for. After patient persuasion, Einstein's family moved to China, where he could receive 100 a month. This number was originally 10,000, but Einstein refused. The money was transferred to research funds.

Another work is also underway. As the steam turbine is constantly being used, Zhao Gang has learned that the British have begun to develop something called "dreadnought". For such a powerful warship, Zhao Gang can almost carry out all the characteristics of his land.

What Zhao Gang wants to break through is the core engine of the dreadnought, and the heavy engine with high power and high push ratio is also an indispensable core component of tank aircraft, and plays a role in determining the outcome in future wars.

After the implementation of the steam turbine, the implementation principles of the gas turbine are roughly the same. It can be said that the most critical point is that the temperature of the steam turbine is only about 300 degrees, while the temperature of the gas turbine is much higher. This is why the development of the gas turbine is very difficult.

As early as the 12th century AD, my country had the prototype of a turbine, which was a revolving lantern. At the end of the 15th century, Da Vinci designed a flue gas rotation device, and its principle was the same as a revolving lantern. In 2019, the British Barber described the working process of a gas turbine for the first time; in 1872, Thorze designed a gas turbine and in 1900~:

In 1903, the French Le Mail and Armango made: + but the efficiency was too low, so they were not practical. Although these gas turbines had many major shortcomings and were abandoned, they were placed in categories and conducted detailed research in the military development team led by Zhao Gang.

The working process of the gas turbine is that the compressor (i.e., the compressor) continuously sucks air from the atmosphere and compresses it; the compressed air enters the combustion chamber, mixes with the injected fuel and then burns to become high-temperature gas. It then flows into the gas turbine to expand and performs work, which pushes the turbine impeller to rotate together with the compressor impeller; the heating high-temperature gas working function is significantly improved, so the gas turbine still has extra work as the output mechanical work of the gas turbine. When the gas turbine is started at a standstill, it is necessary to rotate with the starter. After accelerating until it can run independently, the starter will be disengaged.

The compression ratio of the gas initial temperature compressor is two main factors affecting the efficiency of the gas turbine. Increasing the initial temperature of the gas and correspondingly increasing the compression ratio can significantly improve the efficiency of the gas turbine. According to Zhao Gang's reminder, the maximum compression ratio reaches 31; the combustion of industrial and marine gas turbines reaches about 1,200, and the aviation gas turbine is more than

The gas turbine consists of a compressor, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine. The compressors are axial flow type and centrifugal type. The axial flow type compressor is highly efficient and suitable for large flow occasions, making it the most critical research direction for the research group.

The combustion chamber and turbine not only have high working temperatures, but also withstand the thermal shock caused by violent temperature changes during start-up and shutdown of the gas turbine, and the working conditions are the key components that determine the life of the gas turbine. In order to ensure sufficient life, the parts with the worst working conditions of these two components, such as flame cylinders and blades, must be made of high-temperature materials such as base and base alloys, and must also be cooled by air to reduce the working temperature.

This is the twelfth century

It cannot be solved, but these are not difficult for Zhao Gang. The name is "making steel". Making such high-temperature materials is his specialty. In the past, it was because it was unnecessary, but now it naturally has to take out his unique skills.

With the development of aerodynamics, in the world's largest wind tunnel, the research team mastered the characteristics of gas dielectric flow in compressor blades and solved the problem of designing high-efficiency axial flow compressors, thus an axial flow compressor with an efficiency of 85% appeared in advance.

At the same time, turbine efficiency has also been improved. In terms of high-temperature materials, heat-resistant steels such as alloy steel that can withstand high temperatures above 600 have emerged, so high gas initial temperatures can be used. Therefore, gas turbines with isopressurized heating cycles have finally been successfully used.

So after three years of development and tens of millions of yuan of funds, a gas turbine with an efficiency of 2,000 horsepower was finally made, with an efficiency of 18%. Since then, the gas turbine has entered the practical stage and has begun to develop rapidly. With the continuous progress of high-temperature materials, and the use of cooling blades on the turbine level and the continuous improvement of cooling effect, the initial gas temperature has gradually increased, which has continuously improved the efficiency of the gas turbine.

Then, under Zhao Gang's suggestion, the research team began to divide it into two directions, one direction continued to increase the power and thrust-weight ratio of the gas turbine (that is, the maximum power of the engine at unit weight), and the other direction was to study the gas-steam turbine combined cycle.

The gas-steam turbine combined cycle is a device that combines two heat machines, gas turbine and steam turbine, which operate according to different thermal cycles, and is sometimes referred to as a combination cycle. In order to improve the efficiency of the heat machine, the heating temperature in the heat machine should be increased as much as possible and the heat discharge temperature should be reduced. However, the thermal cycles of both the steam turbine and the gas turbine cannot meet the above requirements well. If they are combined and the steam turbine is heated by the heat discharge of the gas turbine, the dual advantages of a higher gas turbine heating temperature and a lower steam turbine exhaust temperature can be achieved at the same time.

The theoretical basis of the combined cycle has long been established. Kano, one of the founders of thermodynamics, proposed the concept of combined cycles. However, it was not until the mid-20th century that practical combined cycle power devices began to exist. The key to developing combined cycles is to develop high-temperature, high-performance, and high-power gas turbines. It is very difficult to improve the thermal efficiency of the heat engine by 1, but the combined cycle can greatly save energy by combining the gas turbine and the steam turbine.

Through these measures, Zhao Gang hopes that the first gas-steam turbine combined cycle unit can be completed in five years, and then in another ten years, the unit will be miniaturized and assembled on heavy bombers to form a powerful air force. Equipped on heavy tanks, form a large tank army, and equipped on large naval ships to form an undefeated blue navy.

Although there is a great hope, China cannot be said to be the most powerful country so far. Zhao Gang can only secretly accumulate strength so that he can achieve the victory that was not achieved in World War I when the new world war comes. Just like a steam-gas turbine unit, although it is destined to have a bright future, it cannot realize the original intention of the design. Its efficiency is not as good as a steam turbine, and its area covers twice as much as a steam turbine. Therefore, now it is only trial-installed on ships in some secret naval bases. The steam turbines are still the ones that are really equipped on the naval battleship.

At the end of 1903, a brand new battleship was named after the British Navy's "Hmsdreadnaught" battleship (hmsdreadnaught). It uses a unified model of heavy artillery and a high-power steam turbine.

Its design fulfilled the concept of the famous Italian engineer Kunibedi, with a displacement of 17 and a speed of 21 knots, equipped with a 10305 mm main gun, 2476 mm secondary gun, and an underwater torpedo launcher 5, which was stronger than the firepower of other largest armored ships at that time; the armor of the two sides, the turret and the command tower was as thick as 280 meters.

In order to compete for the honor of the first dreadnought, the Chinese Navy once said that only the Chinese Governor-level class is a dreadnought in the standard sense. The British dreadnought should actually be a dreadnought. People are very clear about the meaning of this dreadnought, and the British naturally refused to bear this tone, and the navies of the two countries began to fight a verbal battle.

In fact, if Zhao Gang had money at that time, he would definitely have to build a dreadnought. The way to shrink was just a way when he had no money. The sooner the launch of the new generation of Chinese dreadnoughts proved Zhao Gang's importance to the navy. At this time, it was only half a year before the launch of the British dreadnoughts. Following the launch of the Chinese and British dreadnoughts, other countries began to build new dreadnoughts one after another despite the decline of national strength.
Chapter completed!