.

The answer is straightforward and clever:

"China has been around for five thousand years, and the Imperial College has only one of the three. Since its establishment, our dynasty has never had the position of Imperial College. What is the role of Imperial College in our dynasty? It is just an academic group. Even if President Zhao sets up his post later, it cannot be said that it is an official position at present."

Maybe he was a little anxious or the turkey was rough, Yan Fu choked and had to pause. Gu Hongming was so arrogant that he didn't say anything, waiting quietly for Yan Fu's following. After being angry, Yan Fu began his long counterattack.

"What's more, in the past century, Western countries have developed rapidly, and the principle of "things are chosen by nature, and the fittest survive" also applies to countries. Looking at the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor believed that finding the president to overthrow the Qing Dynasty seemed to have become an unwavering argument. However, it was one thing that the Qing Dynasty was destroyed by President Zhao's revolution, and it was another thing that President Zhao overthrew the Qing Dynasty."

President Zhao was not strong enough to defeat the Qing Dynasty, and the troops trapped in the three northeastern provinces were not enough to overthrow the feudal dynasty. The reason why the Qing Dynasty was overthrown during the revolution was not only the result of the struggle for the president, but also the result of the Han bureaucratic group and local forces seizing power, representing the interests of the Han landlord class.

Although the former severely cracked down on and shook the rule of the Qing Dynasty, it did not have the power to compete with the entire feudal landlord class. It only created such a condition that prompted the Han bureaucratic group and the Manchu aristocratic group to separate, local forces separated from the central government, and took the opportunity to seize the power."

In fact, in the past few decades of the Qing Dynasty, it can be said that there were not many things that were not morally absent, but why did it still make people angry? I think it is mainly because it cannot adapt to the trend of the times, accept Western civilization, and even the rivers are declining. And President Zhao was able to follow the trend of the world, so it is not surprising that he replaced it.

I understand the Imperial College in the Qing Dynasty, and it can be said that it did not play any positive role in Western civilization. Most of our country’s introduction to Western civilization comes from the people. Therefore, the setting of the Imperial College is of no use to the people, but it is just a yamen that confines the people’s thoughts. It is better not to have it."

Yan Fu's words were very involved, and Gu Hongming was a little worried. However, after seeing Zhao Gang's expression, he was not at all unhappy, and then he felt a little relieved. After listening to Yan Fu's words, Zhao Gang felt that he had not been in vain, especially the part about the destruction of the Qing Dynasty, which was really wonderful.

In the late Qing Dynasty, various social contradictions were extremely sharp and complex. The Xinhai Revolution was the general outbreak of these contradictions. Among all kinds of social contradictions, the first is the contradiction between the people and the feudal landlord class represented by the bourgeois revolutionaries. This is the basic social contradiction. It caused the crisis of feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Although Zhao Gang's army was able to defeat the Qing Dynasty's army at that time, if the Qing Dynasty worked together, it would still be able to engage in a war of attrition with Zhao Gang with its national strength. This war of attrition was terrible. And it was very beneficial to the Qing Dynasty, but the Qing Dynasty did not do so. They chose to fight quickly and decided quickly, but in the end they were defeated, which gave Zhao Gang a great opportunity.

Seeing that Yan Fu finished speaking, Gu Hongming nodded secretly. As an important aide to Zhang Zhidong, he was naturally very clear about the incident in the late Qing Dynasty.

"Brother Yan said it right. In the late Qing Dynasty, the conflicts between the Manchu aristocratic groups and the Han bureaucratic groups, as well as the conflicts between the central government and local forces were already extremely sharp. However, these were the bitter fruits caused by the Qing Dynasty. It is assumed that if the Imperial College as an official institution and selected talents, there would be no mistakes in the Qing Dynasty.

The Qing Dynasty was a coalition regime between Manchu aristocrats and Han landlords, but the Manchus were the ruling nation, the Manchu aristocrats rank first, and the Han bureaucrats rank second. Although the emperors of the Qing Dynasty all claimed to be the so-called "Manchu-Han-in-one" and took care of the interests of the Han bureaucrats in power and power, such as the central ministers set up Manchus and Han officials equally, in fact, the status of Manchu and Han bureaucrats was unequal.

Generally speaking, the higher the official rank, the greater the proportion of full staff. Almost all military ministers of all dynasties were Manchu nobles. This situation did not change until the late Qing Dynasty. There were many local officials and Han officials, but almost all the governors were Manchu and Han governors. In short, the proportion of Manchu officials far exceeded the proportion of the Manchu population, and the power center was controlled by the Manchu nobles. In military terms, the Eight Banners soldiers have always been the main military force relied on by the Qing Dynasty, and their treatment and equipment were far better than that of the Green Camp soldiers.

In the early and mid-Qing Dynasty, the Han bureaucratic group had not yet formed a force that could compete with the Manchu aristocratic group and could only rely on the Manchu aristocratic group. Therefore, the contradiction between the two groups had not yet been sharpened. As for the late Qing Dynasty, external troubles and internal strife were constantly exposed, which fully exposed the corruption and decline of the Manchu aristocratic group. The Han bureaucratic group rose and rose up to compete for power against the Manchu aristocratic group, and the internal contradictions within the ruling group intensified.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the corruption of the entire ruling class became increasingly serious, especially the upper-class ruling group of the Manchus. Its corruption was also related to the corruption of the entire Manchus. After the Manchus entered the pass, they became the ruling nation. Men did not work for production, and they enjoyed their salary as professional soldiers. After a long period of time, they became lazy and became habitual, and both civil and military officials were abolished. The "Eight Banners Children" became a parasitic class that was useless to society.

A nation cannot be cultivated for

Talents will inevitably lose their ability to rule. In peacetime, they can barely have trouble with their family, and their corruption and incompetence will be exposed, which forces the supreme rulers to rely on the Han bureaucratic group to save their crisis. With their population and cultural qualities, the Han people have talent resources that are difficult to compare with by the Manchus."

After a meal, Gu Hongming drank another glass of wine and continued:

"So, the setting of the Imperial College has nothing to do with other things and only to the system. Isn't it heard that the changes in Jiangnan and Jiangbei have to do with the official system?"

"Therefore, the historical trend must be the rise of the status of the Han bureaucratic group and eventually replaced the rule of the Manchu aristocratic group. On the eve of the Opium War, Emperor Daoguang made an exception to appoint Lin Zexu as an imperial envoy to handle smoking bans, and had begun to show signs of the rise of the Han status. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom separatisted the Jiangnan region, and the Eight Banners soldiers were vulnerable and the full staff was useless. The Qing Dynasty was in danger. Finally, relying on the three heroes of Zhongxing to establish the Hunan Army, the landlords of the Huai Army defeated the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and saved the shaky Qing Dynasty.

Afterwards, the Qing court had to make an exception to Zeng and Li. Later, Li Hongzhang became a military player and became a pillar of the late Qing Dynasty. Moreover, the Huai Army also replaced the Eight Banners and the Green Camp became the main force of the Qing army. The so-called "Tongguang Zhongxing" was really due to the power of the Han bureaucratic group, and the Qing Dynasty also breathed for many years. Since then, the status of the Han bureaucratic group has risen unprecedentedly, and the continuous external troubles and internal strife have created opportunities for them to rise.

The ruling crisis forced the ruling group to improve, carry out Westernization, reform and reform, and train new troops. These all require talents, but the Manchu aristocratic bureaucracy was conservative. In one step, the Han bureaucracy group was pushed to the center of the political stage. The Westernization and Reformers were almost all Han bureaucracies. More importantly, the pillar of the regime - the army was finally in the hands of the Han bureaucracies.

Consistent with the decline of the Manchu aristocratic group and the rising trend of the Han bureaucratic group, the weakening of the central government's control over the local area, and the rise of local forces, which was also an important reason for the demise of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty learned from historical experience and implemented a high degree of centralized rule, and did not allow local officials to combine with local forces, nor did it allow local officials to gather military and political power.

In the late Qing Dynasty, external troubles and internal strife caused a profound ruling crisis, which greatly weakened the central government's control over the local area, and promoted the rise of local forces. During the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and others not only led the army, but also appointed the title of governor, gathering military and political power, forming independent local forces. Even at the critical moment when the British and French coalition forces were forcing Beijing, Zeng Guofan, who was besieging Tianjing, refused to serve the emperor on the grounds that the stability of the country is more important than the resistance of foreign powers. Later, the governors and governors obtained the power to control the army, thus creating hidden dangers of local independence from the central government.

The rise of local forces also has economic reasons. During the Westernization Movement, local bureaucrats established a number of new industries and cultural and educational undertakings, such as the military industry established by Zeng, Li and Zuo, and the textile, coal mines, iron smelting and other enterprises established by Zhang Zhidong in Hubei and other places. These bureaucrats and enterprises strengthened their local independence and economic strength.

At the same time, the development of national capital also requires local governments to safeguard their interests in order to resist the oppression of the central government (such as Sichuan's Road Protection Movement), which is more obvious in southern provinces. In this way, local officials combined with local forces to form their own special interests and relative independence, the central government's control was weakened, and even a situation of local governments competing with the central government... "

Gu Hongming was still talking nonstop, but Zhao Gang felt something was wrong. He was originally a receptionist, but in a blink of an eye it became an official institution of the Imperial College, and then in a blink of an eye it became a discussion on the cause of the demise of the Qing Dynasty. It seemed that it was about to become a topic of confrontation between local economic protection and the central government.

Seeing the heated argument between the two masters, Zhao Gang quietly slipped away. Although this debate was exciting, it was off topic. Before one topic was finished, it turned to another topic. Zhao Gang thought that he did not have the ability to talk to Zhuge Liang to the point of fighting the scholars, so he had to go back and formulate a new debate system.

The two masters of Chinese studies had a lot of fun talking. Although they had their own strengths, they had a very deep foundation in Chinese and Western learning. Usually, only people came to ask for advice and admire them. They never had an equal communication with others. When they met this time, they immediately felt that the other party had something they wanted to know, and they even chatted until noon the next day. The two were exhausted and then rested.

When the two of them finished resting and met again, it was already ten days old. The two of them were also strange. They chatted at night with lights and had a happy time. Gu Hongming suggested, "It's better to go to Xiang Shuai's Mansion and have a chat for half a month, so that it's better to relieve my chest."

Yan Fu was also a wonderful person, so he actually left Zhao Gang aside. The two of them took the train overnight to go to Zhangzhi Cave Palace in the capital together, and left all the huge bonuses and great futures aside to study and study.

Only a bunch of messes were left for Zhao Gang. In another month, when the debate began, Zhao Gang had no rice to put it in the pot, which made many people ready to watch the fun. When Zhao Gang was in a state of great anxiety, he used his brains and even made another solution.
Chapter completed!