I am not an expert in the history of the Song Dynasty or a general historian. In order to write my work "Yue Fei is alive, Wu Mu is the master of the world", I have read many relevant historical records and later generations' accounts and comments on the Song Dynasty, and have seen many insightful insights. However, there is also a strange phenomenon, which is that the evaluation of the Song Dynasty showed two extremes: poverty and weakness and prosperity. If this is seen from a certain perspective, or a period of history is drawn out, it is understandable, at least partly correct, but the conclusion of these two extreme differentiation is not, but the conclusion of the overall Song Dynasty, which has a question. If both Song Dynasty are viewed from an objective perspective, if things happen

It is clear, if everyone's standards are consistent, why are the conclusions completely opposite? Ask again, why are the conclusions completely opposite? Under normal thinking, no one will deliberately talk about him, and come to the conclusion that it is this, and insist on saying that, but it is well-founded. In this way, the completely opposite conclusion is that there is a problem in the link, or the angle is wrong, or the facts are not clear, or the standards are inconsistent, and of course there are other factors, but the conclusions are completely opposite. Perhaps one of these three reasons is enough to explain. As for all three, it is not a history, but a crosstalk, everyone can laugh it off.

This short essay is the beginning of the author's "Insight into the Two Songs" series, which directly provides some historical background for my work. The purpose is to talk about three things. First, there is an overview of the Song Dynasty. This is very important. A dynasty that has existed for more than 200 years, cut out a small piece of analysis, but it is very different from the overall situation. The two extreme conclusions are mostly related to this. Second, there are major events with far-reaching influence in the Song Dynasty, their causes and outcomes, and their impact on the Song Dynasty. A small thing can change history, let alone big events, which is not to be a secret to historical experts, but how important and what impact requires insight and cannot follow the crowd. This issue is a matter of

Whether the facts are clear, but not only then, the analysis of causes and consequences can make it clear what impact it has on the Song Dynasty. If future generations cannot see clearly these ending effects, those who are obsessed with the authorities should not expect them to have the right decision. If future generations calmly study them for decades, it is not too late to accuse the parties involved of being confused. Third, study and think about the basic methods and principles of related issues. There may be the most problems on this key point. The author will explain his own understanding and analysis and teach the Fang family.

With this foundation, the author plans to propose his own investigation results and experience on some specific issues, but each specific issue will be discussed separately and will not be included in the beginning of today. For example, why did Emperor Gaozong insist on killing Yue Fei? This question is important because it is directly related to the national destiny of the Song Dynasty! The reason why this question is important is that this is a severely affected area of ​​the study of Song history! The reason why this question is important is that Yue Fei has not been completely rehabilitated so far! When discussing this issue, the author naturally

It is well-founded, not preconceived, nor is it limited to prejudice and follow the crowd. In short, was Yue Fei killed? It is not a killing, nor an unjust kill, but a murder! If readers have a legal concept, they should know the essential differences between these three. Also, what are the reasons, nature, effect, reasons for success or failure of Wang Anshi's reform, and what are the key impacts on the Song Dynasty? This question is not that no one pays attention to, but that there are too many people who pay attention to it, and it is the most representative one. It is to evaluate polarization, and those who agree that he is a capable minister, a wise minister, and a loyal minister; those who deny it say that he is

It was a treacherous minister and a slander, and even said that he was the culprit of the fall of the Song Dynasty. Isn’t this chaos caused by the lack of unified standards? In addition, is the basic national policy and system of the Song Dynasty the world leading or self-castration? This is related to the overall evaluation of polarization. At the same time, it is also related to the evaluation of the entire royal family and the level of civil servants, so there must be an objective standard before it can be evaluated. There is no standard, it is a vegetable market. Everyone says that their melons are sweet, which is meaningless debate. I guess it is a clumsy.

After the protagonist Yue Fei pacified the world, he had no conclusion, so he had to accept Yue Fei's conclusion. As for other issues, such as an issue of agricultural development, Yue Fei found that sweet potatoes were produced in China and did not have to wait until later generations to eat them. This is not a major policy that concerns the overall situation, but it is very critical for Yue Fei's self-protection measures. It has a grain reserve that is ahead of all regions of the world, which was a matter of fate at that time. There are about dozens of similar questions, and the author will intersperse them in the writing process of my work. Please continue to pay attention to it if interested friends.

One, two Song Dynasty

In fact, it was mainly the Northern Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty relied on the care of his ancestors and the heavy sacrifices of the people, Guo Yan was really a humiliating picture of the world, and there was no good deeds. Therefore, this article mainly targeted the Northern Song Dynasty, while the Southern Song Dynasty was the end of the national destiny. After passing through the area, it was actually no longer a unified country. The Northern Song Dynasty was the so-called extreme economic and cultural prosperity, and the overall national strength was poor and weak. Foreign enemies wanted to invade the country and resisted frequently. The monarch and ministers were appeased for a while. This situation ended abruptly until the shame of Jingkang.

The Northern Song Dynasty inherited the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the past and the Southern Song Dynasty. It basically belonged to the unified political situation in this street. Although the Northern Song Dynasty ended the split situation since the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms at that time, although the Liao Kingdom still occupied the north and the Tianjin area of ​​Beijing, that is, the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun, the Western Xia occupied the Ningxia and Gansu area in the northwest, the Dali Kingdom occupied the Yunnan and Guizhou area in the south, and the Tubo tribes occupied the Qinghai area in Tibet today, but the traditional Central Plains were all under control, which is the essence of the unified country.

Since the founding dynasty in Songzhou in 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin, the general of the Later Zhou Dynasty, launched the Chenqiao Mutiny and put on the yellow robe to establish the Song Dynasty. In 1127 AD, the famous Jingkang shame occurred in the history of the Jin Dynasty. In 167 AD, there were 9 emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty. This was the core leader of this unified dynasty. Naturally, they were responsible for all the right and wrong, success or failure. This was the Northern Song Dynasty. Isn’t this part of the country’s name? But later the shameless escaped small court established the Southern Song Dynasty, calling the Song Dynasty the Northern Song Dynasty to show the difference.

After the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, he successively led his troops to conquer and destroy the "ten countries" such as Nanping, Later Shu, Southern Han, Southern Tang, Wu and Yue. Then he released the military power with a cup of wine. Under the planning of Prime Minister Zhao Pu, he reformed the military system and official positions, strengthened centralization, weakened local forces, and promoted the national policy of strong, weak branches. At the same time, he encouraged the people to rest and recuperate, and gained a period of restoration and development. He was praised by literati as the rule of Jianlong. In essence, the social order was disordered and on the right track, and the people could live a normal life without having to die in war.

In 976 AD, Zhao Kuangyin suddenly died in the midst of the sound of axes and candles, and lost the throne. His younger brother Zhao Guangyi succeeded to the throne, and was regarded as Emperor Taizong of Song. This matter was regarded as the biggest mystery in the Song Dynasty. In fact, it was a fact that was clearer than the moon in the sky. The three key questions pointed to the same person: Who benefits? It was undoubtedly Zhao Guangyi. Who could find out without locating it and cover it up? Only Zhao Guangyi, who only wanted to cover it up. Who cut off the throne and return to Taizu's line was Zhao Guangyi, who killed Song Taizu's two sons and his younger brother, so that the throne was not only firmly, but also handed it over to his descendants. These measures were considered to be unscathing. If you don't look at these things, you still were confused, and you didn't explain it except pretending to be confused. This is by the way, and you may discuss it in a special topic in the future.

Emperor Taizong of Song was undoubtedly an ambitious emperor, which can also explain why he used all means to seize the throne. After a while, he personally conquered Taiyuan and seized the territory of the Northern Han Dynasty. It was also the last remaining kingdom of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, thus completely ending the splitting situation of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. However, his ambition stopped abruptly and stopped his two attempts to recover the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun ended in failure. Since then, the Song Dynasty has been on a defensive position against the Liao Kingdom, which is also the end of the continuous efforts of the Song Dynasty to expand and expand the unified territory.

In 997 AD, Zhao Guangyi passed away and passed the throne to his third son Zhao Heng, for Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Emperor Zhenzong of Song signed the alliance of Chanyuan. At that time, Empress Xiao of Liao and Emperor Shengzong of Liao personally led a large army to attack Song, and Emperor Zhenzong of Song decided to fight in person under the strong persuasion of Kou Zhun and others. The situation of the Song army was very good, but the cowardly Emperor Zhenzong of Song finally chose to make an alliance with the Liao Kingdom in Chanyuan to stop the army, and agreed that the two sides would become brotherly countries and trade between the two countries. The Song Dynasty needed to give Liao a certain amount of annual monies every year as compensation. This was a sign of the Song Dynasty's further retreat. The first step was Taizong's transition from attack to defense, and the second step was this time, giving Song people the wealth and civilians to others to raise the remains of theft. From then on, everyone knew that the Song Dynasty was a fat sheep.

After that, a rare century of peace occurred between the Song and Liao dynasties, and Song Zhenzong was relatively calm, which allowed the various strengths of the Northern Song Dynasty to develop smoothly. Flatters called it the Xianping rule, but civilians could live a normal life. This led to Song Zhenzong's scars healed and forgot the pain. He did not know how to cherish the people's strength and cultivate the foundation of the country. Instead, he indulged in Fengshan. This is a typical false holy rule created by the joint efforts of the tyrant monarchs and treacherous ministers. He completely misled the object of gratitude, but thanked those illusory and nonsense, and almost squandered all the savings of all countries. In his later years, the Song Dynasty had a ridiculous absurdity that the court had already lost its storage. This was a waste of people's wealth and waste of the country's foundation, but he only earned him the nickname of a charlatan emperor.

In 1022 AD, Emperor Zhenzong of Song died. Zhao Zhen, who had been replaced by the prince by the raccoon, succeeded to the throne. This is Emperor Renzong of Song. It was not easy for Emperor Renzong of Song to gain throne, so he was unwilling to waste his life and took an active attack on the Xixia established by Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Dangxiang who was separating the northwest. After many defeats and losses, he signed a contract with Xixia, which was the Qingli peace agreement. The main content of which Xixia expressed that he would pay tribute to Song and the two sides opened a mutual market. In addition, the Song Dynasty also needed to give Xixia a certain amount of annual monies every year to compensate. This could be regarded as a draw, and Renzong did not lose his morality and humiliation.

Song Renzong's active and enterprising efforts made the conflict between the Song Dynasty and the Western Xia not suffer any loss. However, this was just a small matter. Letting Western Xia break away from the rule of the Song Dynasty and become a strong neighbor of the Song Dynasty was a failure of the national policy of handling matters. Later, Xixia turned to the Liao Kingdom, which even slapped the Song Dynasty in the face. Therefore, it can be seen that even if there was no loss in specific matters, the overall national policy was not helpful to the overall situation.

Specifically, the annual monies given to the Western Xia and the annual monies given to the Liao Kingdom are not a big deal for the huge annual tax revenue of about 100 million taels of taels of tax revenue of the Song Dynasty. That is, the annual monies given to the Liao Kingdom every year are 100,000 taels of silver, 200,000 pieces of silk, and 300,000 taels of silver, and 150,000 taels of silk, 70,000 taels of silver, 30,000 taels of tea, and 25 taels of silver. The two items totaled 55 taels of silver, accounting for a total of 55 taels of tax revenue in the country, accounting for a small proportion of the national tax revenue, only 0.55%. As the saying goes, it is not very harmful and extremely humiliating, but if this is the reason for poverty and weakness, it is too far from the facts.

In fact, the Northern Song Dynasty was considered to be a problem of poverty and weakness, one is a problem of poverty and the other is a problem of weakness. The main reason for poverty is that the court's expenses are too large, redundant staff, redundant soldiers, and extremely serious redundant expenses. Therefore, solving the three redundant talents has become a problem that the emperor and ministers have to pay attention to. The annual monies for the Western Xia and Liao Kingdom are just a reason to start a war against them. No one regards it as a major issue. In fact, the peace talks are closely related to this. When a war moves, even if it is a local one.

In conflict, the expenses of soldiers will be much greater than the annual monies. Therefore, no responsible minister can ignore the strategy of controversy and must be carefully considered. To win the war, it is not something you can decide if you dare to fight and be afraid of death. For example, if the soldiers do not know the generals and the generals do not know the soldiers, how can they fight against those barbarians who make a living by plundering all day long? Only Yue Fei has the upper hand and is strangled by the tyrant ministers. And the weakness is that they are defeated repeatedly, which needs to be said to be different.

The reason why Song Renzong had a good reputation in history was that he appointed several good ministers. Without exception, those foolish monarchs all appointed treacherous ministers. The characteristics of fish and shrimp gathering together were very obvious. Renzong appointed Bao Zheng, Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi, Ouyang Xiu and others to carry out the Qingli New Policy, laying the foundation for Wang Anshi's reform. Not to mention the good or bad effect, the inheritance relationship needs to be clear. The reform of the Renzong dynasty was a pioneering attempt, providing reference for the later Wang Anshi's reform. The specific reference was not the responsibility of the person who was borrowed. Ouyang Xiu had another thing worth mentioning, that is, in 1057 AD, as the chief examiner, a rare gathering of talents in history appeared in an imperial examination. The Jinshi enrolled dozens of ministers, including Su Shi, Su Zhe, Zeng Gong, Lu Huiqing, Zeng Bu, Zhang Dun, etc. Unfortunately, most of them were on the list of treacherous slanders of Huizong and Cai Jing, and the bright moon shines on the ditch.

In 1063 AD, Song Renzong died of illness. Because his only three sons died prematurely, the throne was passed to his adopted son, whose cousin Zhao Shu, was Song Yingzong. Song Yingzong was ill and did nothing, and only two things left in history. One was to order Sima Guang to edit "Zizhi Tongjian", but to call his father Huangkao, who should have been Song Renzong.

In 1067 AD, Emperor Yingzong of Song died of illness, and his son Zhao Xu succeeded to the throne, and was the Emperor Shenzong of Song. He began to reuse Wang Anshi and others to carry out reforms. At the same time, he reopened the border provocation and directly captured the Qingtang area of ​​Tubo and targeted the Western Xia. However, the subsequent two battles with the Western Xia failed, which directly led to Wang Anshi's two resignations. All reform measures were gradually abolished with the death of Emperor Shenzong of Song. Speaking of reforms, Emperor Yingzong and Wang Anshi were actually the best combination of the Song Dynasty. No matter whether it is character or ability, it was excellent, it did not succeed, which shows that the complexity of the reform and the deep-rooted conservative forces, and why is the state system of the Song Dynasty inseparable from the traditional national policy?

In 1085 AD, the 38-year-old Emperor Shenzong of Song died, and the ten-year-old son Zhao Xu succeeded to the throne. The Empress Dowager Gao Taotao came out to rule the dynasty. Empress Dowager Gao himself did not support the reform, so he appointed Sima Guang and others to completely abolish the new law. Sima Guang's attitude of denying the reform was unable to bear it, and even Su Shi, who was a conservative minister, could not stand it and spoke up for justice, so he was demoted by the conservatives. This was not a personal tragedy of Su Shi, but a tragedy of the national destiny of the Song Dynasty, because Su Shi reflected the political situation of the Song Dynasty. From then on, the dispute between the new and old parties surpassed everything and swept everything. The emperor had to stand on his side until the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed, and then continued to flood the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty, until the fall of the fall of the South China Sea with those kings and ministers who lost their country.

The counterattack of Empress Dowager Gao and the conservative ministers caused dissatisfaction with Zhezong. After he took power, he re-appointed Zhang Dun, Zeng Bu and other new parties suppressed the old party, and restored some of the Wang Anshi's reform achievements. Unfortunately, it was still difficult to last. Zhezong died of illness after only six years of power. At that time, he was only 25 years old. The emperor's short life and different positions of different emperors made the unstable political situation of the Song Dynasty even more turbulent. The elite ministers of those countries had to struggle to save their lives. If they wanted to do things, they had to rush around like those treacherous ministers. This was a disaster for the country, because the national treasure-level ministers who were as serious as the Dinghai Dinghai Kung Fu could not appear in a short time. This was also the sorrow of those ministers of the Song Dynasty who were determined to be prosperous.

Because Song Zhezong's only son died, Empress Dowager Xiang disagreed with the public and supported Duan King Zhao Ji as the new emperor, and was the Emperor Huizong of Song. He knew everything, but he would not be the emperor, which brought the rule of the Song Dynasty to an unprecedented joke. Song Huizong supported reforms on the surface, but the "six thieves" he valued were willing to take advantage of the banner of reforms, and took advantage of the situation of robbery, turning reforms that benefit the country and the people into ways to seek benefits for individuals, which made social conflicts increasingly prominent, resulting in the public resentment and strategic mistakes, and even defeated the Liao Dynasty. The consequences of opening the door to treat thieves in this way were to lead to the Jin soldiers' attack on Bian Jing and Jing Kang, and to dedicate all their women and daughters to the Jin soldiers to please them, and to become the most shameless emperor in ancient and modern times, both at home and abroad. However, it was useless, just like a pig and sheep exiled and died in Wuyang City.

The Southern Song Dynasty was already a relatively peaceful Song Dynasty. It is only necessary to mention that Zhao Gou, the Emperor Gaozong of Song, continued the genes of his father, Huizong of Zhao Ji, and was even more shameless. It would be fine if his father and brother were captured and did not want to save him. His mother and wife were treated as ** by the Jin people. He was so at ease. It was not until later that when he deliberately killed the hero Yue Fei, he was shameless to return to Wei, but his wife died under the enemy's captive. This kind of humiliation was not tolerated by ordinary men, but Zhao Gou could tolerate it. It can only be said that only people who have no shame at all can endure such humiliation, which is ten thousand times more than the humiliation under Han Xin's crotch. I wonder why those literati who speak loudly did not praise it.

If Zhao Gou was just like this, he would not have attracted so much anger. After all, that was his family matter. Although it was about the national system, he was a turtle and no one could stand up for him, right? But he severed Yue Fei and ordered to kill Yue Fei! He personally wiped out this hope that he could completely defeat the Jin people! Regarding why Yue Fei could defeat the Jin people was the only hope to restore the lost land, the author will have two special discussions to clarify the facts and the truth, because the truth of this fact has been covered up by countless general discussions, irrelevant, specious, and even confusing the black and white.

This is a lot of overview of the history of the Song Dynasty. By the way, those views that regard the Qingming Festival Shanghe Painting Bianliang customs and paintings as proof of the prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty, don’t forget the abnormal wealth distribution of the Northern Song Dynasty. One country raises a city. Those carved railings and painted buildings are the place where the foolish king Zhao Ji and the secretly acquainted girl Li Shishi are. All of these have been destroyed in the shame of Jingkang. The wealth accumulated in the palace and Gen Yue were robbed, and the beautiful woman in high-end restaurants became the toys of the Jin people. When you only see the prosperity and forget the sorrow that the Song Dynasty civilians had to rebel, and the dying struggle of people in troubled times is worse than that of ordinary dogs under the iron hoof of the barbarians, and the back garden flowers are still singing across the river, maybe the regretful Zhao Ji and his son will also scold you for being ungrateful in the darkness of the Five Kingdoms City.

2. Some major issues are listed

The first question is that the collection of books in Jinkui is the only basis for Zhao Guangyi's brother to be together, but no one has seen that Zhao Pu's conscription not only cannot increase credibility, but also reduces its credibility. Therefore, this thing is false. Who says it has it, who is responsible for providing evidence? The reason why it says this is because its existence is inconsistent with the rationality. How can a woman decide this?

The second question is the sound of the candle shadow and axe. This is the sudden death of Zhao Kuangyin. There is still no evidence. The beneficiary is the only person present. The bigger suspicion is that Zhao Kuangyin's two sons and a younger brother died one after another. If these people are alive, they will definitely be older than Zhao Kuangyi's son. According to the reason why Zhao Kuangyi ascended the throne, he should inherit the throne, which is one step ahead of Hu Shi. Hu Shi talked about history, and Zhao Kuangyi directly dressed up in history.

The third issue is that military policies mainly include strong and weak branches, separation of soldiers and generals, literati lead troops, restraining civil and military forces, emperor commands, military generals have no power, farming and raising soldiers, etc. In short, in the situation of frequent wars in the Song Dynasty, the emperor of the Song Dynasty abandoned his martial arts, which was equivalent to committing suicide. Otherwise, there would be no foreign invasion, just like some children beat adults? The pedantic literati made trouble and found the reason, but they were not on the point. The reason why the Song Dynasty did not perish faster was purely to consume.

It is the base of the history of the Chinese nation and the lives of the people. Let’s talk about the emperor’s command. Emperor Gaozong of Song even issued seven or eight imperial edicts to Yue Fei a day. He even ignored the messenger’s journey to leave for three or four days before he could deliver it. He wrote one by one and sent a letter after another. He was afraid he didn’t even know that he was nervous and wrote the exact time at midnight to show the urgency of things. From this, it can be seen that twelve gold medals are possible, rather than a possibility of Qin Hui forged an imperial edict.

Objectively speaking, these military measures of the Song Dynasty were measures against the autocracy of soldiers of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and had certain effects. However, everything will be reversed. You cannot dismiss all the military personnel in order to prevent the autocracy of the warriors from being dictated, and you do not have the ability to defend against the enemy. In the Song Dynasty, it was basically impossible except for Zhao Kuangyin, and you did not rely on military generals. Isn’t you seeking death?

Fourth, the battle between Zhuxianzhen and the great victory of Guaizi Ma Tiefutu, even according to existing historical materials, it is undoubtedly true. In the environment where Qin Hui and Qin Xi have been trying hard to slander Yue Fei for a long time, it is better to directly deny the openness and integrity. In addition, historical materials clearly state that Guaizi Ma and Tiefutu are the same thing. One says that it is the protection of the horse army with iron armor, and the other says that it uses iron armor to protect the war horses. The reason why this victory is important is that Jin Wushu has played the last trump card and is helpless against the Yue family army. If there were no traitor Qin Hui and the shameless tyrant Zhao Gou plotted to murder Yue Fei, this victory is comparable to any of the most famous battles in history and will be the starting point for the re-glory of the Song Dynasty. Emperor Gaozong of Song would have stood up and become a man. Unfortunately, this pair of tyrants who deserved to die have turned the efforts of countless soldiers into a flowing water.

Fifth, can Yue Fei complete the mission of defeating the Jin soldiers? Yes! There is no doubt! And as long as one condition is the support of Emperor Gaozong of Song. Other conditions that are not needed, as long as Emperor Gaozong of Song unconditionally handed over the command power of the army to Yue Fei without any interfering, there will be no problems! As for logistics coordination and friendly coordination, Yue Fei has no problem at all, and handled it efficiently! The other leading generals, including Zhang Jun, are not at the same level as Yue Fei. It is because of Emperor Gaozong of Song that his shamelessness and narrowness that Yue Fei lost the opportunity of the general of the ages and also caused him to lose the opportunity of the emperor of the ages.

Sixth, by the way, let’s mention the ranking of famous generals in ancient times. Not to mention those posthumous titles and temple names, I think Yue Fei is the first person from the perspective of civil and military and personality. Others are far behind him. This author must have a monopoly on this, but I just mentioned it here. First of all, Guan Yu, a person who was captured and killed because of underestimating the enemy and implicated Zhang Fei and Liu Bei and even the defeat of Shu Han can be compared with Yue Fei? In terms of support, Guan Yu has the full support of Shu Han, but he was careless and lost Jingzhou. Yue Fei was jealous of the tyrant ministers and friendly troops. Even if he didn’t help, he could win. Guan Yu was far behind! With a feather sign, he chose Guan Yu from about 99 out of a hundred people, and the remaining one was probably the author.

It is a hero to judge success or failure. A loser who lost his wife at Gaixia and finally committed suicide. Wuyan saw that the loser of Jiangdong's elders can compete with Yue Fei? When did this happen? The reason why Guan Yu was praised was mainly because of his martial power. There is no way to compare this. However, the two were not martial arts, but the comparison of military generals. A brave man met an all-around general who was both wise and brave was probably defeated in 100 times. Yue Fei's use of military force lies in his heart. It is many times better than Han Xin's ambush on ten sides. Han Xin could kill Xiang Yu, and Xiang Yu was not Yue Fei's opponent. In addition, Yang Zaixing, the contemporary of Yue Fei was also a master, but he had no resistance under Yue Fei's hands. It is estimated that Zhang Xian was the one who could compete with Yue Fei for a few moves. Unfortunately, this powerful general was also killed by the foolish monarch.

Seventh, Wang Anshi's reform, Fan Zhongyan's reform, is it good or bad? In fact, this question tests a person's careful thinking and discernment, whether it is the Song Dynasty or the modern era. When talking about the reform itself, one thing must be put before it, that is, even if your new law is perfect, some incompetent rats have malicious intentions can turn it into evil law. Therefore, to implement the good law into good law, it is necessary to support good officials. But was there any problem in the Song Dynasty? There is no doubt that no! If it is all Fan Zhongyan and Wang Anshi, it is estimated that even if it is not perfect, it will be implemented smoothly. Since there is no, even good law has become evil law, which is the fundamental reason why the new law fails. For example, the market law, which was originally a simple market price to make up for the apology, but it turned those corrupt officials into tools of corruption. There is also the Qingmiao Law, whose original intention was to solve the problem of the Qinghuang, which turned into forced lending in order to collect more than a hundred

Twenty-two of interest. Also, Fan Zhongyan’s reform was to solve the redundant officials in order to reduce redundant fees, but those redundant officials were free to pay for their salary. Who would fight with you? The reform of a system became a life-and-death business, who could bear it? Therefore, the issues involved in the reform were all about the contradiction between human life and the foundation of the country. There were later party struggles, and the problems became more complicated, and it was never simple to explain the good or bad. This means that for anyone, without comprehensive preparation and a complete set of reliable personnel, most of the situation would be better to remain unchanged than to change. This is just about talking about this problem from the implementation level. Whether this reform became reasonable or not is even more complicated. Without a thorough understanding of history, status quo, and results, it is difficult to come up with a relatively complete new law. Wang Anshi’s new law mostly has this problem, which can only be discussed in a small topic.

The eighth question is the problem of sweet potatoes. Yue Fei can plant sweet potatoes and completely solve the grain problem. But where does the sweet potato come from? Of course, it is produced by China. Is China's great land and territorial science just a talk? There will be a special statement.

The ninth question is that Yue Fei and Gaozong are not urinating in the same pot. Their origins are not only the difference in character, but also some other reasons. This will also be discussed separately.

The tenth question is that after the Han Dynasty in China, the basic trend was the convergence and integration of various academic schools. When it was merged, it could still be clearly divided. The time for integration was that the main content was merged into one and not distinguished from each other. For example, the convergence of the three religions of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism meant that the three religions found common ground. From then on, everyone was unfaithful to seek common ground while reserving differences. The Song Dynasty was the founding period of Neo-Confucianism, and later generations had a strong tendency to merge the Confucianism. However, this idea was obviously not dominant in the Song Dynasty. The Yuan Prime Minister Tutuo also independent of Confucianism and wrote a biography separately. The author believes that Neo-Confucianism is not

It is Confucianism, and to a greater extent, it is anti-Confucianism, because by spreading the Three Bonds and Five Constant Virtues, it basically aims to be the supreme task of the emperor. However, Neo-Confucianism respects heaven, believing that the will of heaven is higher than the will of anyone, including the emperor, and that the will of heaven is consistent with the wishes of the people. This is the consistency of heaven and man in Neo-Confucianism. However, heaven is speechless and acts naturally, and the will of everyone is the will of heaven, so the emperor must understand and satisfy the needs of everyone. The author will further think about and discuss this topic. In short, Neo-Confucianism and Confucianism have fundamental differences in major concepts and practices.

I will list so many for now, and the author will make necessary adjustments and additions.

Third, important thinking and research principles

The first principle is to study problems, and do not use generalized theories to infer specific issues to draw conclusions. For example, Wang Fuzhi asserted in "Song Lun" that because the Song Dynasty is relatively weaker than the Jin Dynasty and Xixia, it is not as good as the other party in military and economic terms. Including Yue Fei's war against the Jin soldiers and Zhuxian Town, it should not be fought. Only when the Song Dynasty is powerful enough to surpass such an opponent can the war begin. To be honest, he made a lot of sense in other aspects. The author has benefited a lot, but the issue of starting a war is purely the opinion of scholars and corrupt scholars. Let's not talk about the wonderfulness of Yue Fei's use lies in one's mind. War is not a comparison of mathematics. When encountering a nonsense general, how many do you have?

The soldiers are all equipped with the transport brigade leader. Even in the face of enemy invasion, no matter how poor the strength is, you cannot give up like this. Not to mention that his power comparison may be a hundred thousand miles away from the facts. The hindsight can consider the end of the war and all factors in detail, but when it actually happens, the trajectory of many things is not so step by step. I don’t know when and what changes the track, but the end of the event will change. Therefore, don’t give up easily. At most, you can consider it more rigorously before the action begins. Of course, you must know that the scholar rebelled and failed for three years. My mission is too radical and cannot be achieved in three hundred years. How can you win the rebellion?

Second Origin

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To be continued...