Chapter 566
Moon, Moon, and the moon in the end of the world were produced from the underground world according to Fan Bin. The moon in the end of the world played a very important role in this world. After Lin Feng discovered that the energy component of the moon is composed of particles and matter that can store energy and reflect energy, Lin Feng knew that there might be other secrets in this world, and these secrets can help Lin Feng enhance his own energy.
Energy is a measure of the possible change of the space-time distribution of mass, and is used to characterize the ability of physical systems to do work. It has been proved in the end times and in the original world that there is a mutual transformation relationship between matter and energy.
Energy exists in many different forms; according to the different forms of movement of matter, energy can be divided into mechanical energy, chemical energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, radiation energy, nuclear energy, light energy, tidal energy, etc. These different forms of energy can be converted to each other through physical effects or chemical reactions. Various fields also have energy.
Corresponding to various forms of movement of matter, energy also has various forms, and they can be converted to each other in a certain way.
In thermal phenomena, it is manifested as the internal energy of the system. It is the kinetic energy of the irregular movement of each molecule in the system, the potential energy of the interaction between molecules, and the sum of the energy in the atoms and the nucleus, but does not include the mechanical energy of the overall movement of the system.
Space attributes are the manifestation of the broad-scaling of the movement of matter; time attributes are the manifestation of the continuous movement of matter; gravitational attributes are the manifestation of the interactions caused by uneven mass distribution in the movement process; electromagnetic attributes are the external manifestations of charged particles in the movement and change process, etc. The movement forms of matter are diverse, and each specific movement form of matter has a corresponding energy form.
The energy form corresponding to the mechanical movement of a macroscopic object is kinetic energy; the energy form corresponding to the motion of a molecule is heat energy; the energy form corresponding to the motion of atoms is chemical energy; the energy form corresponding to the directional motion of charged particles is electrical energy; the energy form corresponding to the motion of photons is light energy, etc. In addition to these, there are wind energy, tidal energy, etc. When the motion forms are the same, the motion characteristics of the object can be described by certain physical quantities or chemical quantities. The mechanical motion of the object can be described by physical quantities such as velocity, acceleration, momentum; current can be described by physical quantities such as current intensity, voltage, and power. However, if the motion forms are different, the only physical quantities that can be described and compared with each other is energy, and energy is the common characteristic of all moving matter.
Energy can be stored in a system without manifesting itself as matter, kinetic energy or electromagnetic energy. When a particle moves a distance in a field that interacts with it (it needs to be moved by an external force), the energy required by the particle to move to a new position of the field is stored. Of course, the particle must be maintained at a new position through external force, otherwise the field it is located will return the particle to its original state by pushing or pulling. This energy stored by changing its position in the force field is called position energy (potential energy). A simple example is that the work required to lift an object up to a certain height in the gravity field is position energy (potential energy).
Any form of energy can be converted into another form. For example, when an object moves freely to different positions in the force field, the position energy can be converted into kinetic energy. When energy is a form of non-thermal energy, its efficiency in converting into other types of energy can be very high or even perfect, including the generation of electricity or new particles of matter. However, if it is thermal energy, when converted into another form, as described in the second law of thermodynamics, there will always be a limitation on conversion efficiency.
During all energy conversion, the total energy remains unchanged because the energy of the total system is to transfer energy between each system. When energy is lost from a certain system, another system will definitely obtain the lost energy, resulting in loss and balance being achieved, so the total energy does not change.
Although the total energy of a system will not change over time, the value of its energy may vary due to the reference system. For example, a passenger sitting in an airplane has zero kinetic energy relative to the aircraft; but compared with the earth, the kinetic energy is not zero, and it cannot be compared with the earth by a single momentum.
According to the kinetic energy theorem, if a moving object is obstructed and decelerates until it stops, the object will do work on the obstacle. The amount of work done is equal to the original kinetic energy of the object. Therefore, it can be said that kinetic energy is the functional force that the object has due to movement. For example, a high-speed missile has kinetic energy, so it can do work on the steel plate and penetrate the steel rifle; the hammer hitting the forging has kinetic energy, so it can do work on the forging and deform it.
The energy released or absorbed when a matter undergoes chemical changes (chemical reactions). Its essence is the energy released by the change of the outer electrons of the atom, which leads to the change of the electron binding energy. Positive and negative electron pairs annihilated into photons, which is the energy converted from the static energy of the electron into the photons.
The kinetic energy of thermal motion of atomic molecules inside a matter. The higher the temperature, the greater the heat energy contained in the substance. The heat engine is the expanded water vapor that turns its heat energy into the kinetic energy of the heat engine.
The binding energy of a nucleus in a nucleus can be released into the kinetic energy of the reaction product during the fission or fusion reaction of atomic nucleus. Therefore, when an object is stationary, it also has energy. The energy and mass of matter are closely related. The mass of a nucleus is smaller than the total mass of the nucleus that makes up it, that is, when the free nucleus binds to a nucleus, energy is released. This energy is called the binding energy of the nucleus. A heavy nuclear cracking that is lower than the binding energy (the average binding energy per nucleus in the nucleus) becomes a lighter nucleus with higher binding energy, or several light nucleus with lower binding energy polymerize into a heavier nucleus with higher binding energy, and the energy released is atomic energy.
People have confirmed the law of conservation of energy based on a large number of experiments, that is, when different forms of energy are converted to each other, their magnitude is conserved. The Joule thermal work equivalent experiment is a famous experiment to confirm the law of conservation of energy in the early stage, and then established the first law of thermodynamics of energy conversion and conservation in the macroscopic field. The Compton effect confirms that the law of conservation of energy is still correct in the microscopic world, and then gradually realizes that the law of conservation of energy is determined by the invariance of time translation, thus making it a universal law in physics (see Symmetry and Conservation Law). In a closed mechanical system, if there is no mechanical energy conversion between other forms of energy, mechanical energy is conserved. The law of conservation of mechanical energy is a special case of the law of conservation of energy.
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Chapter completed!