The exploration of new particles in physics proceeds like this. First, there are well-known particles and processes, and then they are used to detect "new particles." Scientists have no way of observing this so-called new particle. They just know that once this particle exists,

Different signals will be seen experimentally, and these particles are the results of self-consistency between theory and experiment.

After they infer the properties of this "new particle" and know its mass, width, spin, etc., they then add this particle to the model, and then simulate and experiment the detection of the next "new particle", and the cycle starts over and over again.

Constructed the current standard model and experimental framework of particle physics.

Currently, there are a total of sixty-two particles in the standard model, including twelve types of leptons such as electrons, positrons, electron neutrinos, and anti-electron neutrinos. Leptons refer to spins that do not participate in strong interactions?

/2 fermions.

There are also thirty-six kinds of quarks, including red up quark, green up quark, blue up quark, anti-red up quark, anti-blue up quark, and anti-green up quark, which are the basic units of matter.

Finally, there are fourteen gauge bosons such as photons, gravitons, w+ bosons, w-bosons, and Higgs bosons. They are medium particles that transmit basic interactions, and their spins are all integers.

.

At present, twelve kinds of leptons, thirty-six kinds of quarks and twelve kinds of gauge bosons have been confirmed experimentally. Only the Higgs boson and graviton have not yet been discovered, but their properties have been theoretically

Physicists have speculated that the graviton is defined as a boson with spin 2 and mass zero; the Higgs boson is a boson with spin zero.

Therefore, as long as the proper properties of the Higgs boson are observed in this experiment, it can be proved that this particle that physicists have been looking for for a long time actually exists.

The set of data discovered by Dietrich comes from the observations of cms. Lu Qiujian converted it into a picture where the vertical axis represents the number of events in which a pair of photons are observed, and the vertical axis represents mass. It can be clearly found in the picture that the mass

When the interval is 125.3±0.6gev, the number of two-photon output increases significantly.

This phenomenon is completely consistent with the current speculation about the properties of the Higgs boson in the physics community. In other words, this is conclusive evidence of the existence of the Higgs boson!

The people present, from Professor Schuft to Ludwig, were all familiar with the properties of the Higgs boson. When they saw the results displayed on this chart, they all held their breath.

Their heartbeats accelerated suddenly, and they knew that they were witnessing the greatest physical discovery so far in the 21st century!

"This is it." Dietrich was so excited that he couldn't even speak clearly. When the data analysis work began, he was extremely looking forward to this moment, but when it actually arrived, he found that he was not ready to accept it yet.

preparation.

"Yes! This is evidence of the existence of the Higgs boson!" Lu Qiujian stood up and patted Dietrich on the shoulder, "You have made a great discovery!"

It is true that even without Dietrich, others would have discovered something sooner or later. Because the data produced by this experiment that can prove the existence of the Higgs boson is certainly not the only one, but this cannot obliterate Dietrich.

of credit.

"Congratulations, Dietrich!" Professor Schuft came over and held his hand. After a moment, he turned right to Lu Qiujian, "Lu, congratulations to you too. Without you, I'm afraid we would have had to wait a long time for this to happen.

A set of data!”

Yes, without Lu Qiujian insisting on changing the experimental plan and improving the efficiency of data analysis, the Higgs boson would certainly not have been discovered so quickly.

Ludwig, Karl, Frederick and others came over to hug Dietrich and Lu Qiujian and send them their congratulations, and the laboratory suddenly turned into a sea of ​​joy.

"Now, let's send this result to cern!" After a short celebration, stimulated by this great discovery, everyone's fatigue was swept away, and Lu Qiujian was ready to send this chart to grid data

Center, and everyone else returned to their seats to continue looking for data.

Since the Higgs boson really exists, there is definitely not only this set of data. Dietrich found this unique set of data from the observation data of cms. There are also other observers such as atlas.

What about the data! The more data you find, the thicker the evidence becomes, and the more it proves the existence of the Higgs boson.

After sending the message, Lu Qiujian didn't care about the time. He directly dialed Dr. Evans's phone. The phone rang for a long time before the other party picked up. Dr. Evans didn't show any anger at being woken up, and his trembling voice

There was a sense of excitement, "Hey, Lu. Have you made any new discoveries?"

"Yes! We found a very special set of data in the cms observation results. When the mass interval is 125.3±0.6gev, the number of two-photon yields increased significantly!" Lu Qiujian quickly reported the results.

To Evans.

After hearing these data, Dr. Evans's breathing accelerated significantly, and then the confident voice of Lu Qiujian came from the microphone, "If the data is not wrong, then the Higgs boson does exist!"

After a burst of chaotic sounds, Lu Qiujian's phone made a beeping sound; the first sound should be the sound of the phone falling to the ground, and the second sound seemed to be someone falling. Could it be that Dr. Evans

Something happened! Lu Qiujian quickly dialed again, but what came from the phone was a voice that could not be connected.

Just when he was about to call other members of the experimental team and ask him to go to Dr. Evans' room to check on the situation, an unfamiliar number called, "Lu, it's me. I fell down just now."

No, no, there is nothing wrong with my body. It has never been better than it is now! My phone broke. Now I am calling you from someone else’s phone. The data has been sent? Okay, okay, I’ll go check it out right away.

!”

Evans hung up the phone again. The last sound coming from the phone was the sound of running quickly. Lu Qiujian could even tell that Dr. Evans was wearing slippers now! It seemed that he didn't even care about his clothes.

Just change and go out!

With the first set of data, the second set, and the third set quickly emerged. After all the data analysis was completed, Lu Qiujian and his partners found several sets of data from the cms and atlas observation data respectively.

Evidence that proves the existence of the Higgs boson.
Chapter completed!