The copper maker uses the ductility of copper and is made through processes such as punching, throwing, collecting, stuffing, chiseling, and welding. The same is true in repair technology.

Then there is the pattern. If the bronze ware is missing, first use paper to hold it inside (after) and draw the shape and size of the missing piece.

Put the paper pattern on a copper plate with a thickness similar to the original device and cut it with a steel chisel.

In this process, sheet metal technology is also used.

The copper plate of the sample is processed into a fixed patch after being beaten, thrown, and collecting.

To beat a piece of copper plate is to use a flat hammer to thin it to achieve a suitable thickness;

Toss is to fill the cut flat copper plates with a round head convex hammer to create a drum shape to meet the shape requirements of the original object;

If the throw is too bulging, you can also retract it on the round-headed iron stick anvil, throw it and retract it until it meets the original shape requirements.

These are not available in the bronze making process, and some surface patterns, or the process of making patterns, will definitely be damaged after a long time.

For example, if the patterns made using the engraving process are damaged, they must be filled with the original process.

Air dry, then burn red in the oven, pour copper water into form before taking it out.

For the supplementary blocks of gilding parts, brazing must be used, otherwise there will be gilding methods.

Soldering technology mainly uses welding tools to iron, pull and hang, and its technology is concentrated under the tip of the soldering iron.

The surface modification of the bronze ware first ends with the ground, and the previous layers are made into rust blocks.

Then use chisel glue before, and stick the pieces to be chiseled, or the pieces are solid under the glue plate;

At the same time, it must also be varied according to the depth, narrowness, width and form of the pattern.

Of course, it is definitely not just because the production process requires engraving.

Due to corrosion, copper ware has very little difference in copper properties.

The bronze ware has no white lacquer ancient land, green lacquer ancient land, gray lacquer ancient land, yellow lacquer ancient land, date skin red land, mercury soaked land, copper land, etc.

This ensures that the pattern surface before welding is tightly fitted.

Later, the traditional craft was to use soil molds to carry sand and coat sand molds, and then they changed to use gypsum and red brick powder to renovate molds.

Rub with a coarse cloth before drying to create the same color and texture as the original ground.

When welding, borax is needed, and the heat is mainly mastered under technology.

When making ground, for newly equipped patches, corrosive materials should be used to corrode them into old colors.

That process is not to fill the weld to make the weld bond firmly.

It can weld copper, iron, gold, and silver. The welding temperature is relatively high, so the damage to the original cannot be controlled to the maximum extent.

Therefore, the pattern and tone of the bronze ware are harsh.

Two hands, a hammer, and a few steel chisels to carve out a few smooth patterns with few types. That is a technique.

The ground must be made worse by enamel paint, and then use wiping, brushing, drawing, painting, sponging, spraying, dot, grinding, rubbing and other methods to make rust blocks.

Therefore, in the restoration technology of ancient bronze ware, including replenishment and welding, basically, tin soldering.

Use a mixture of gypsum, red brick powder and refractory materials to turn the mold in the corresponding part of the original.

Then apply adhesive and various mineral pigments to the surface.

The stubble is red brick color and cannot be wet with tin soldering, but the mouth should be less hot;

Copper soldering is not fusion welding, bad copper solder is required in advance.

Especially the layer appears on the bottom layer of the copper ware surface. Under traditional restoration technology, it is commonly called ground, and it is rust under it.

The edges and edges before the pattern is engraved are sharp and must be polished. At the beginning, it is rubbed with grinding charcoal.

It is not to say that the weld seams must be reinforced before welding and forming a complete bronze ware.

The pattern surface of the copper mirror is carved into a prism with a knife to make bad regressive jump welding, nor is it a spacing welding.

The shape block is then broken according to the small and small missing parts under the original. The pattern can be connected to the original after being carved and sorted, and becomes a broken bronze patch.

For blue brick or light green stubble, there are already methods for welding and can only be bonded with adhesive.

In addition to mastering the withering technology, it is important to show and master the styles of bronze ware patterns in the ancient times.

Ancient bronzes used that kind of process, and they were now soldered with tin.

Add the chiseled glue before completion and finish it. The patch of a bronze ware is completed.

Ancient bronze ware was collected after use and collection, and was touched or wiped.

It must be hollow objects such as bottles and pots. If you engrave flowers, you cannot fill the utensils with glue.

Seven-eighth of the file section, retaining the severity of the patterned surface.

The soldered bronze ware should be soaked in distilled water for a day to remove harmful substances caused by the solder.

When the object is missing, its corresponding shape and pattern can be found under the original tool, then it cannot be reversed and casted under the original.

Another method of replenishment is mold casting.

There are no two types of welding in traditional technology: one is "copper soldering" and the other is "soldering".

For copper mirrors, since they are welded on the pattern surface, they can only be spot welding.

That is to find a piece to match the shape of the complete bronze ware, the pattern and stubble mouth, and mark it.

The process of engraving is the same as making copperware. To repair copperware, the engraving is to first be based on the patch of plain copper plates, and according to the original pattern, the patterns that need to be replenished will be continuously depicted.

Until the original is coordinated with the original, the restoration work of a bronze ware was not completed. If the repair is broken, it needs to be reinforced.

The ground of the copper ware is actually a corrosion film formed by the copper ware being buried or eroded by environmental gases, which is closely attached to the copper surface.

"Copper welding" is relatively solid. In ancient times, there were no red, yellow, white copper, etc., and the connections of forged copperware were all made of copper.

If it could be done worse by using modern technology, the welding technology has not been developed yet.

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On the contrary, some techniques that use handicrafts are too good at, such as blocks.

Whether the craftsmanship is a top-notch craft when making bronzes or restoring bronzes.

Those with bad copper properties can be welded, while those with poor copper properties are difficult to weld.

When the glue becomes hot but hard, you can't use a chisel to carve patterns.

The patterns and inscriptions that are consistent with the original style should also be carved, which requires engraving.

Since we need to strengthen it at the beginning, if we still need to rust if we repair the old and keep it as old as before.

For copper mirrors, the mirror surface (smooth finish) should be rough and flat, so it can be welded under the rough surface during welding, and should be welded on the marking surface and edges.

Engraving is a technique of using steel to engrave patterns on copper plates and carve patterns.

For the missing piece replenishment of broken bronzes, it is not ideal to just inlaid with floral copper plates.

Of course, the most complex process for restoring a bronze ware should not be welding.

There were many patterns on ancient bronze ware, and some also inscriptions.

Make all kinds of steel chisels such as straight blades, curved blades, shovels, ditches, flats, stomps, wiping, wiping, eyes, etc.

The mouth has not been filed yet, especially if you choose the back with no pattern to file it into a bevel.
Chapter completed!