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In the first year of Jianxing in the Song Dynasty (1126 AD), October.

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On the fifth day of the October 10th, Zhongmu, Jingjin.

When the Emperor's Camp and the Grand Marshal's Headquarters arrived in Zhongmu, Liu Yanqing's front army also guarded the queen to meet, Li Gang, Chai Yun, Wang Yu, and Zhe Keqiu led the temporary court to evacuate.

Huang She, Chu Xiaoyao came from Luoyang to welcome the emperor, and Zong Ze, the left-behind Tokyo, came to see him off.

This was a major gathering of the temporary court, and all except Luo Qinghan arrived.

This time, more than 300 miles away from Luoyang, it was just a matter of going all the way. In addition to the reconstruction of the court, the theme of the discussion was how to save the collapsed finance. If the financial problems were not solved, nothing could be done. The first thing to solve the financial problems was to correct the current financial system. The drafting of the new financial system was a complex and long process. The far water could not save the near thirst. The most urgent task was to make modifications to the original system. This was the fastest, most effective and safest way.

Wang Anshi's reform was to enrich the country and strengthen the army, and financial management was the basic policy of his reform. Cai Jing continued to implement the new law in the name of "Shaoshu", which also claimed that "no worries about not having money, and no worries about not being able to manage finances", and re-emphasized the banner of "financial management". However, he gradually changed the new law and financial management into a means of arbitrarily searching for people's wealth, which is the main manifestation of the transformation of the new policy.

Li Hu already knows this, but the Song Dynasty's financial system is very complicated, especially after Wang Anshi's reform, the old and new parties fought fiercely, and the financial system repeated over and over again, and there were compromises and compromises. When Cai Jing took control, it was even more changed. If you want to understand all these things thoroughly, it is really not easy.

"The most important one of the transformations of the new policy is to establish a clever name and increase income and taxes."

As prime minister, Li Gang must first explain the part of the new political transformation clearly. All policies that are not conducive to national stability and to improve finance must be taken out and explained carefully before the emperor and central officials can be persuaded to modify or abolish these systems.

"In order to increase fiscal revenue, Cai Jing was in charge of administration, the court and local governments increased their income and taxes under various names, some of which were original projects.

There are some projects that are new.”

"Let's take the example of buying and buying. The buying is a tax type. In the Xi Ning period, the court implemented the "equal equality" method, which stipulated that the upper households in rural areas should be distributed and bought, and the lower households are not enough and bought. The higher the households, the more they will buy."

"During the Daguan period (1107 to 1110 AD), the court issued an order to stipulate that the landlords and wealthy people should be reduced by half according to the year-on-year, and the difference would be applied to the middle and lower-class households. Not only that, many local governments no longer paid cash in advance when buying, and restored the policy of Emperor Renzong's reign, and paid only three cents of cash and ration seven cents of official salt. Later, it developed to not pay at all, and robbed for free."

"In this way, and buy begins to evolve to a fixed tax."

"In addition, in addition to buying silk, silk, pre-buy, general buying, Changpingsi, etc., the number of rice and various types of rice has also increased. There are also items such as equal buying, reissue and purchase."

"With buying and buying is a fair trade that is willing, but in fact it is the government at a low price

Forced purchase is like taxes.”

"There are other items such as change and transfer, which greatly increases the tax burden of rural farmers, and has become a sharp increase in the tax of this dynasty in the past 20 years of Cai Jing's administration."

"So..." Li Gang said seriously, "Although we are eager to improve the current financial situation, we cannot make a clever name for increasing income and taxes, or wantonly increase the burden on farmers on the original projects."

Li Gang bowed slightly to the emperor, "I suggest that the emperor immediately issue an order to abolish all tax projects established by the court and local governments under various names during Cai Jing's administration. The original tax projects will be restored to the past collection methods and the burden on farmers shall not be increased in any name."

The emperor agreed without hesitation. Now we need to stabilize local prefectures and counties. The best way to stabilize local prefectures and counties is to stabilize the people's hearts, and reducing taxes is an effective means.

"Li Aiqing continued to say, continue to say."

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Seeing that his first memorial was recognized by the emperor, Li Gang immediately talked about the tea system.

The state-owned tea was levied in the founding of this dynasty, but due to the many problems, Emperor Renzong abandoned the tea-demand law in the late years and changed the commercial law, that is, "official collection of rent" for tea-growing households and "official collection of tea dealers" for tea dealers... During Wang Anshi's reform, Emperor Shenzong wanted to restore tea-demand, but Wang Anshi firmly disagreed.

"After Cai Jing took office, he re-implemented the tea-debate system nationwide, and set up officialdoms to purchase tea in various places. Merchants could only lead tea trafficking and not trade privately with the garden households. Later, the imperial court revised the tea law and abolished tea farms set up in various prefectures and counties. Merchants could directly go to the governments or the capital to receive long-term or short-term entries and buy tea traffic from the garden households. With long-term entries, they could trade from various channels, and short-term entries were limited to the traffic on their own."

"When the government grants tea, it is necessary to "take out" the price, which means taxation. If this method is implemented, the annual tea tax revenue will increase to about four million chunks, which is more than ten times the past."

"In the second year of Zhenghe (1112 AD), the imperial court once again revised the tea law. The revised tea law was called the "Zhenghe Tea Law". It combined the prohibition law and the trade law, and the government no longer worked.

Pre-tea production and trading, but at the same time, you can get rich tea profits.”

"Due to the high tea profit, the cost of vendors buying tea increases several times, and the sales price of tea also increases. The high tea price is a burden for ordinary people and is deeply affected. Even tea producing areas are the same. The gardeners who produce tea have not increased their income. Therefore, the annual tea profit of more than 4 million yuan actually comes from ordinary households, which makes people complain. "

Li Gang suggested abolishing the Political and Tea Law made by Cai Jing and instead use the Commercial Law.

The emperor stopped talking. The big part of the tea tax was directly allocated to the royal family. If the government and tea laws were abolished, the people would make a profit, but the emperor and the royal family would lose a lot of expenses. The emperor is now poor, and the money in Bianjing was plundered by Li Hu and filled it with the national treasury, so his life is not easy.

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Li Gang did not get entangled and directly mentioned a more serious system, which was the messy salt banknote law modified by Cai Jing.

"During Cai Jing's administration, the Salt Banknote Law was repeatedly revised and abolished

The salt sales system of the sixth route in the southeast was allowed to pay for the salt banknotes to the goods business, and then use the banknotes to get salt from the place of origin, and sell them to the designated area."

"It can be seen that Cai Jing's change to the salt law is basically similar to the change to the tea law. The principle is to let the government get rid of direct intervention in the production and sales process of monopoly items, while at the same time, without losing monopoly income."

"Cai Jing's main purpose of modifying the salt method was to gain salt profit. Cai Jing changed the salt method many times. After buying the banknotes, the salt method was changed. The old banknotes were abandoned and they had to get new banknotes. When replacing the banknotes, they had to pay 20% of the cash. When replacing the banknotes, they would have to pay a lot of discounts when receiving salt. It was extremely inconvenient. Therefore, every time the salt method was changed, the old banknotes would have to depreciate. Although the banknotes had not increased, the merchants had to pay more cash. This was actually a means for the court to exploit merchants."

"Salt prices have risen sharply, and the imperial court still ordered local governments to force households to buy salt according to households, and some first-class households have to spend thousands of guan a year. This approach greatly increased the court's salt profit, with annual income of more than 10 million guan, or even as high as 20 million guan, which is unprecedented in the history of this dynasty."

"Salt profit comes from the people, and the people's anger about this can be imagined."

For this reason, Li Gang suggested restoring the old salt banknote law to calm public grievances.

This suggestion caused controversy. Qin Hui jumped out and said that the salt banknote law formulated by Cai Jing did not have much disadvantages. The reason why it caused resentment was because Cai Jing revised the salt banknote law again and again, deliberately deceiving the people to extort money. As long as this salt banknote law is fixed, it is still good to continue to be implemented.

If there is any dispute, the memorial will naturally be put down and the long-term plan will be discussed.

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Li Gang was very dissatisfied with Qin Hui's obstruction. Qin Hui was from the south. If it weren't for his low qualifications, he would have become Cai Jing's party and was kicked out of the court. Unexpectedly, this man was lucky in disguise. Cai Jing fell, and he would have stood up instead. Now he has become the chief censor and a senior censor.

Li Gang decided to find an opportunity to drive him out of the court. In this extraordinary period, there are no more opposition voices, especially censors.

"The transformation of the exemption method is also shocking."

The law of exemption from service was one of Wang Anshi's reforms, which was to change the service of servants to the service of employment. At the beginning of the founding of this dynasty, some people deeply felt that "the harm of farmers and no law of servants" and required reform. In the fourth year of Xining (1071 AD), the law of exemption from service was formulated. The law stipulated that households no longer served the original "Yaqian" and other services, but instead set the same amount according to households, and paid the exemption of service with the two taxes of summer and autumn, and the poor households were exempted from paying. The government hired people to serve as service and paid according to the severity of the service. To put it bluntly, it was to use money to replace corvee labor. Wang Anshi was dismissed from ministers and the law of exemption from service was abolished.

"After Cai Jing took office, the exemption law was restored. It was originally implemented as the time of Emperor Zhezong Shaosheng. Later, the exemption money for various names continued to increase, while the amount paid by official households and superior households decreased. Some areas increased greatly due to the increase in the name of exemption money. For example, Gongzhou paid only 400 guan during the Yuanfeng period of Emperor Shenzong. In the first year of Zhenghe (1111 AD), it increased to more than 29,000 guan, an increase of more than 70 times. This shows how the transformation of the exemption law caused great harm to the people."

This proposal was responded unanimously.

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Li Gang was greatly inspired and continued to work hard, talking about Sichuan and Shu Jiaozi.

"From decades to Emperor Renzong to Emperor Shenzong, Jiaozi has been relatively stable. During the Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Zhezong, Jiaozi's value was depreciated. Jiaozi was only sold for more than 900 yuan, which was depreciated by 10%."

"After Cai Jing took office, in order to resolve the financial crisis, he issued a large number of additional funds to Jiaozi, which was renamed Qianyin, and tried to promote it to various channels."

"In the fourth year of Chongning (1105 AD), the issuance of money was generated at one time, and another 5.4 million guan was added. In the first year of Daguan (1107 AD), another 5.54 million guan was added, which was nearly thirty times more than the long-term stable issuance amount of more than 1.25 million guan since the first year of Tiansheng, Emperor Renzong (1203 AD). The money was depreciated by more than 70%, and many big merchants took the opportunity to make profits, and ordinary households suffered greatly."

"The substantial depreciation of paper money was entirely caused by Cai Jing's policy of accumulating wealth, which made the imperial court lose all its prestige and even gave Sichuan and Shu a heavy blow."

The status of Sichuan and Shu is crucial to today's court and is directly related to the great cause of Zhongxing, so Li

The Gang suggested that an order be issued immediately to re-implement Jiaozi in Sichuan and Sichuan, and abolish the "money inscription".

The memorial was responded again, and the emperor immediately issued an order to take charge of the matter by Fan Zhichang, the transferee of the Sichuan-Shu four routes, and he must revive the Sichuan-Shu economy in the shortest time.

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Notes:

Jiaozi:

Jiaozi is the earliest paper currency used in the world and was issued in Chengdu, Sichuan in 1023.

The original Jiaozi was actually a kind of deposit certificate. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a "Jiaozi shop" in Chengdu, Sichuan, which operated cash custody business for merchants who were not convenient to carry huge sums of money. The depositor delivered the cash to the shop, and the shop filled in the deposit amount on a roll made of mulberry paper, then handed it back to the depositor, and a certain storage fee was charged. This kind of mulberry paper coupon that temporarily filled in the deposit amount was called Jiaozi.

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Money:

In the first year of Daguan (1107), the Song Dynasty government changed "Jiazi" to "Qianyin" and "Jiaziwu" to "Qianyinwu". Except for Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Huguang and other places still used "Jiazi", all other routes changed "Qianyin". Later, Sichuan also changed Jiaozi to Qianyin in the third year of Daguan (1109). The biggest difference between "Qianyin" and "Jiazi" is that it is based on "现". The paper, printing, pictures and seals of "鎰" are very well-known. However, "鎰" does not include banknotes, and is not allowed to be exchanged, and issuance is arbitrarily. Therefore, the value of paper coupons plummeted. By the Jiading period of the Southern Song Dynasty, each crate was only worth 100 cents of cash.
Chapter completed!