Related to the works - Japanese martial artist's title

China has been a country of etiquette since ancient times, and Japan, which is the same as China, has been learning Chinese etiquette before the Meiji Restoration. Therefore, Japan is also a country that attaches importance to etiquette. No matter the etiquette of any country, the title between people is always a very important part. When we study the history and culture of a country in an era, etiquette must be studied. Moreover, if we want to completely substitute ourselves into such an era, being familiar with the title of the time was a very important link. Therefore, now let’s briefly study the title of the martial artist in the Warring States Period.

When Japan was renovating Dahua, the whole country was in charge of the Tang system, so many etiquette matters were learned from the Tang and Song dynasties in China, including titles. The Tang and Song dynasties were very complicated in terms of etiquette and titles, so Japan was also very complicated in this aspect.

The names of people vary according to their identities. First, there are differences in generations. The names used by peers to elders and elders to younger generations are very different. Secondly, there are differences in status. The names of the venerables against the venerables, the venerables against the venerables and people of the same status are very different, and even people of the same status, but different jobs, the names of the two people for one venerable are different. Finally, there are differences in classes, such as commoners, warriors and nobles, and people of the three classes of people, and the names of people of the other two classes are different.

The title of the samurai class is similar to the Tang Dynasty compared to the other two classes. The title of the ritual of the Song Dynasty has its own special characteristics. In terms of status, samurai is higher than that of the common people. In terms of etiquette, the etiquette of the samurai class is much simpler than that of the noble class. This is probably because most of the rough and bold samurai classes in the Warring States Period were too lazy to learn that set of red tape (laughs). The titles related to samurai mainly include "官" and "官". Before explaining the usage of these words, let's briefly explain the "structure" of the names of the Japanese samurai class, and look at the names of a historical figure and a person in the alliance respectively.

Uta Kuroda explores the second officer and soldier Takao Rushui

Fujiwara Yoshikawa Oshimajimao's chief erectionary Akishi

The first x number of the official surname is Miao...

Moreover, the generals also have nicknames and Yuanfu names. After death, there will be Bodhi names. Some people have divine names (after Tokugawa Ieyasu's death, I posthumously awarded Tozawa Daquan) and posthumous titles (the emperor has posthumous titles, and the filial piety and literati are all seen now. This is the same as the posthumous titles given by the emperors and scholars after death). In addition, the samurai and the tea people among the ministers also have stairs titles, such as Oda Nagaizai, the name Yulezhai; Buddhists have stairs titles, such as Uesugi Masato, the name Kenshin; Christians have stairs titles, such as one of them, which must have stairs titles, such as Paul, and well-known generals have nicknames, such as Takeda Shingen's nicknames "Kakai Tiger"... In addition, generally speaking, everyone intercepts the Miao character and the official, character, name, and various numbers of the general to form their general names. As for when should we call these? Let's explain them together with two titles.

First of all, let’s talk about “Dian”. The Japanese pronunciation of the character “Dian” is “どの(dono)”. There are two ways to use the character “Dian”. One is to use it alone without any other words, and directly call someone “Dian”. This is a special title for the speaker’s own direct lord. It cannot be added with the surname before it, otherwise it will be extremely disrespectful. For example, the general of the Red Army, Fujirashi Renfeng, can currently and only use the title of “Dian” for his lord, Ai Junchengsheng. If used in conjunction with other things (commonly known as Miao characters, characters, names, etc.), it is used to call peer-generation samurai. The general of the Red Army, Fujirashi Renfeng, can use “Bai Yu Hall”, “Zheng Yi Hall”, “Teng Bingwei” and other titles for Bai Yu Zhengyi of his generation. However, it should be noted here that these three titles have differences in degree of closeness. Generally speaking, they are Miao characters.

＋官网 means that the relationship is average. For example, Fujirashi Renfeng is not very familiar with him. He only knows the name of the Firyu family, Naosuo, can use the title of "Taigu Temple"; and using "name/word + palace" means that he is a little closer. For example, Fujirashi Renfeng for Ida Mingzong who has just joined the family, he can use the title of "Mingzong Hall" because he has just joined the family. After all, he is not very familiar with him. If you don't add the hall and directly call someone else's name, the word means that the relationship between the two is closer, but you can't just call someone else's Miao character (if you say, it's probably easy to get confused). For example, Fujirashi Renfeng and Bai Yuzheng have been together in the Red Army family for a long time and have a good relationship, Fujirashi often calls Bai Yu "Zhenichi" or "Taibugu". The closest name is to call the other party's nickname directly, but there are almost no one who has announced the nickname in the alliance...

If the lord's title is subordinate "character", it means that it is quite appreciative, or the intimate feeling of the two people playing together since childhood. For example, Ieyasu's title is "Taita Hiraro". This is also because the "character" of famous families is often passed down from generation to generation.

The usage of "官网" is basically like this, but everyone in the alliance often makes a mistake. When posting, they usually say "官网" before, and then change it to the second person, and talk about "官网"... In fact, this is equivalent to treating the other party as your lord, so you need to pay attention. "官网" is a polite name in person, used among peers. "官网" in modern Japanese is a swear word, meaning "you bastard". I hope everyone will not use it...

Let’s talk about several “mutants” of the hall - the main hall. The Japanese pronunciation of “the main hall” is “ぉぉどの(o―dono)”, which is used to call the Lord higher than the level. The most typical example is Kato Kiyoshi Kato to Oda Nobunaga. Kato Kiyoshi Kato is the direct retainer of Hideyoshi Hashi, and Oda Nobunaga is the lord of Hideyoshi Hashi, so Kato Kiyoshi Kato can call Oda Nobunaga the main hall. There are similar situations in the alliance, such as the Akatsuki Iwai Nobugawa who acquired a retainer, Hondo, and Hondomon, who can call Iwa's lord Akatsuki as the "large hall". Many people in the alliance use it to call daimyos, such as “consulting with a few halls”, “seeing the meaning of the halls” and so on, etc., which are all wrong. This is actually equivalent to finding n lords for your lord (laugh).

Ruotan, the Japanese pronunciation of "Ruotan" is "wakadono" and if it means "young" in Japanese, "Ruotan" is usually used by the old minister who had fought for many years with the previous family head. For example, the name "Tada Katsurai of the Rabashima family is called Takeda Katsurai. In the alliance, several old ministers who followed Fuji Akitan can call Takayama Temple this way. The Masamoto Temple of the Sanada family always calls Sanada Nakatsutsu. Although Sanada Nakatsu is young enough, it always feels a little awkward because Masamoto has not served Sanada Nakatsu's father (the Sanada family in the alliance is the first generation).

There is another thing to say about the character "天" in Chinese, and the character "天" in Japanese public etiquette is used to refer to people with certain official positions (it seems to be from more than four "天") and the palace can call all samurai. Therefore, it is not good if these two points are confused. In the past, I often used the translated "天" in the lower class, which actually means "天". Later, it is recommended that everyone respect the Japanese custom and call the samurai temple. Also, it is often the elders of the superior masters, Su Lao, often do not call the official positions of the head of the disadvantaged masters, but call "Miaozi + Hall". For example, Shibata Katsuyaki would call Tokugawa Ieyasu "天" to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Although this is very impolite, the disadvantaged masters often have no choice but to be insulted.

Let’s talk about “划”. The Japanese pronunciation of “划” is “划”. First of all, it should be noted that “划” is not the word “划” commonly used by modern Japanese people. “划” does not have a corresponding Chinese character, but is placed behind other people’s names to express respect. “划” is generally used to refer to the samurai class, such as farmers, merchants, etc., and merchants such as Matsumoto Kosai in the alliance can refer to the samurai (most of them are samurai). However, there are exceptions, when a samurai who has already become an official wants to refer to other daimyos, most of them use the combination of “official position + sam”. At this time, the example is mostly translated as “adult”.

In addition to the two words "天" and "天", the third common title is the official name of the samurai. First of all, it should be noted that when calling someone else's official name, it is generally only used in the format of "Miao character + official name", and the official name is only included in the department, such as Usa Misuga (Dingman), Naoe Yama Castle (Kansuo), etc., in the alliance, such as Yoshikawa Oshima (Akishi), and if there are two people with the same samurai character in the same department, use "name prefix + official position". When using the third-person pronoun, the official name should be used in conjunction with other things (general name, Miao character, character, name prefix, etc.), and when making the second-person name, it is used directly. Generally speaking, the official name of the samurai is mostly used when talking to the third party to avoid misunderstandings. For example, the old master Maeda Kasumi and

When my friend Maeda Hira and others talked about one of them with any third party, they could not use "Maeda Temple", but should say "Maeda Nakatsu" and "Maeda Book". The name between daimyo is to use official positions directly. For example, if Maeda Nakatsu wants to call Akatsushi, you can use "Suokyo" to call others. In fact, official positions are the most polite and respectful to others. If both are independent daimyos but age and official positions are at a disadvantage, just calling official positions can show a considerable degree of respect. For example, Fukushima Masaru called Ieyasu "Neifu" (Ieyasu official position is the inner minister, and this official position is also called "Neifu"). If you are old and have an advantage, you can call "Official position + Hall" to show politeness, such as Ieyasu's name Xiaozaikawa Hideaki as "Kingou Palace".

In addition, there are several other title words that are also explained here:

Pavilion style: refers to noble people living in pavilions (or forts, cities, etc.), and does not specifically refer to pavilions (palaces, city lords).

House shape: the same as the restaurant, the two can be used interchangeably.

Ji: Mostly refer to the princess in the family of Daming, the wealthy family, and the lord of the branch city. The usage is to propose a word in the princess' name, and then call it "character + Ji", or distinguish it by "birth place + Ji". Therefore, the "Utada Ghost" in the alliance can be called Mitsuki (bang, a bit embarrassing...).

Yuqian: The word "Yuqian" was born in the Nara era. At first, like the "Your Majesty" and "Your Highness" in China, it was a kind of taboo to be avoided by noble people, and instead called the servants of noble people. At the beginning of Heian, due to the new (example) regulations, when the princes meet, the wife or daughter must be on the side (it is exactly the opposite of the "avoidance" in China), so at this time, Yuqian actually called the princess, but in fact he called the official wife or princess. Therefore, in the middle of Heian period, it was popular to send their daughters to the palace. In order to ensure etiquette, most of the princess hired some relatively noble maids and white mats, so the meaning changed like this. This basically belongs to the term "Yuqian".

Palace: Palace is actually the palace name of the royal prince, such as "Prince Kazhang, Renheji Temple", etc. However, when the royal family has an official position, the word "gong" is also attached to the title to indicate the identity of the royal family, such as "Dan Zhengyin Palace", "Central Secretary Palace", etc.

Other names are also called "Zhongjianyuan" after Nobunaga's death, when his military generals talked about him, they always called him "Zhongjianyuan", which is the name of Bodhi (or name of the academy and Dharma name).

Attachment, title of the Edo period warrior -

1, General:

Ashikaga Yoshiman said: "The public family is a photographer, the monk's door traces. The single martial artist's pillars are accused of using the title "gongfang". From then on, the general was called the general, from "loading" to "gongfangfang". The general who abdicated and lived in seclusion was called "Dayushu", and the general's wife was called "Okutaishu" and "Okutaishu", which is a brief term for the ancient word "Okutaishu". The general's crown prince was called the official name, and his wife was called "Ikutaishu".

2. The lord:

The vassal lord is called "Yuqian's style", and his wife is called "Ao", "Ao Yu Temple style" or "Yujianzhong". The prince of the vassal lord is called the official name or common name, and his wife is also called "Yujianzhong", or a certain "son". The second male of the vassal lord is called a certain "Dian" and a certain "son". The female lord is called "Yuji Xiang". If there are many women, it is called a certain "Ji Xiang". After the vassal lord retires, he is called "Dao Yu Xiang" and his wife is called "Dao Yu Xiang" (I haven't retired yet, please do not "Big Hall" except for my retainers, and the "Big Hall" are called "Big Hall" and "Big Hall" are called in the ground!). The vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the three vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the two vassal lords of the vassal lords of the

Three, ride the book and see people:

The cavalry above the thousand stones is called "Yuqian's style", and his wife is called "Aoyang"; living in seclusion is called "Daoyang", and his wife is called "Daoyang". The cavalry below the thousand stones is called "Danying style", and his wife is called "Aoyang". I saw people (below two hundred stones), called "Danying style", "Dan's style" or "Yuxin's style", and his wife is called "Aoyang", and his heir is called "Ruodan's style" or "Strange" in his childhood, and his daughter is called "お" and his heir is called "Ruodan's style" or "Strange".
Chapter completed!