Chapter 230 Wind and Cloud Shanghai Beach (23)
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This matter has to do with money.
Before the Revolutionary Army's Northern Expedition, the Guangzhou National Government began to receive Soviet aid. By March this year, the total amount of aid had been 30 million rubles. Without this money, there would be no Northern Expedition. With the monthly fiscal revenue of the National Government, it could barely support administrative expenses, and could not support many armies and fight wars.
However, when the National Government was in Guangdong, it might be enough for Soviet aid and self-levated fiscal and taxation. However, when the Northern Expedition began, the revolutionary army swept across the south and quickly captured the seven provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Jiangxi and Jiangsu, and Anhui. During this period, the army expanded greatly. Although the scope of taxation was expanded, the expenditure in all aspects increased. Although the Soviet aid had not stopped, the amount allocated every month was actually a drop in the bucket in the face of astronomical expenditures, which was far less important than before.
In history, the Northern Expedition was called "Military Northern Expedition, Political Southern Expedition"" and the meaning is very simple, that is, the Northern Expedition was military victorious, but politically failed. Although the Great Revolution overthrew the Beiyang government, the situation where the Beiyang warlords were in power was inherited by the National Government and did not form a unified, centralized, solid and stable central power.
Under such circumstances, although the National Government seems to have control over the entire southern China, local tax revenue has been severely lost, most of which have been intercepted by the powerful departments of various provinces, and naturally very few have been handed over to the central government. However, if a government does not have stable fiscal revenue, it is difficult to imagine that its regime can be stable. What's more, the current National Government is not the only government, and it still faces many political and military challenges. If there is no money, everything will be difficult to handle, and the Northern Expedition may not be able to continue.
The National Government of Wuhan needs money, and the right-wingers of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek also need money. In fact, since the opposition between the two sides has become more open and fierce, it has evolved into a situation where whoever can control the source of wealth can better control the initiative.
Wuhan is in power, and its policies are more revolutionary. This is actually more difficult to raise money because tax cuts are needed to eliminate donations. Of course, the actual reduction of taxes has not been reduced, which is difficult to explain clearly, but the taxes flowing from the two lakes into the central government are indeed falling sharply. What is even more terrifying is that the excessive peace movement basically destroyed the rural economy. Once the economy stagnates, the money can be collected naturally. Fortunately, there is also a golden ruble, which makes Wuhan difficult to maintain, but it has not yet reached a difficult point.
Chiang Kai-shek was much worse. If he could not find a new source of wealth, he would be able to die with just one military expenditure based on Wuhan's allocation and intercepting taxes. But at this moment, Yu Qiaqing, who upholds the will of the great powers, appeared.
In the early days of the Northern Expedition, Britain implemented a policy of tough interference and supported Wu Peixiang to consolidate his interests in the Yangtze River Basin: Japan wanted to use the Fengtian faction to reorganize the Beijing government, causing at least the situation of monopolizing the north: the United States followed Britain on the surface, but actually waited and watched. "Its wishful thinking was: If the Beiyang victorious, it could use the hands of Britain and Japan to eliminate the Chinese revolution." The Shishi weakened the military power of Zhifeng; if the Northern Expedition developed northward, it could use the hands of the revolutionary army to expel the British and Japanese forces, and the Shishishi looked for his own agent from the revolutionary camp.
Later, with Wu Peixiang and Sun Chuanfang were defeated by the revolutionary army, and the policies of Britain and Japan also began to be adjusted, becoming similar to those of the United States.
Last winter, Yu Qiaqing's trip to Nanchang was a product of this policy. Yu Qiaqing was not only a comprador of the Bank of the Netherlands, but also a money shop and an investment bank. He established a shipping company and made friends with all kinds of religions and various ranks. He also had a close relationship with Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek. Such a versatile and versatile person was naturally the "interview" of the great powers. Chiang Kai-shek was the most suitable role. Chiang Kai-shek was determined to pacify the party and had no money, so he naturally hit it off with Yu Qiaqing.
After the Hankou and Jiujiang Concessions were taken back by the people of the two places, the concessions of various countries were also shaking under the impact of the great revolutionary wave, but the great powers must not give up. "Once they give up, their status and rights in the trading port will likely be completely lost. At this time," for the international bankers representing the interests of the great powers, their top priority is to mobilize the Chinese comprador class and strangle the Chinese revolution.
From a military perspective, the British army gathered in the *** area had more than 7,000 people, the Japanese army had more than 4,000 people, the US army had more than 3,500 people, and the French army had more than 2,500 people. In addition, the armed "Wanguo Business Group..." of the Concession Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Technology, all of which were all included, the great powers had more than 30,000 people in the ** area. This was a powerful force. However, the great powers also knew that simply and roughly intervened directly in front of the Chinese people who were inspired by the Great Revolution, it was really expensive and not worth the loss.
To stabilize their vested interests in China, we must also rely on the comprador class to step up to split the revolutionary camp and strangle the Chinese Revolution. At this time, the greatest interest demand of the Chinese comprador class lies in demanding power from international bankers. Therefore, the great powers made a promise to Yu Qiaqing and others through the American director of the Public Concession Industry Department, Flinden Feixinzhan, who completed the action of strangling the revolution, could attract Chinese capitalists to the Concession Industry Department, become directors, and participate in administration.
So, Yu Qiaqing immediately took the lead in organizing the ** Municipal Commercial Federation, including all important banks, money houses, silver buildings, commercial buildings, and industrial group holidays, preparing for financing and contacting Chiang Kai-shek, requiring him to fulfill the cooperation agreement previously reached in Nanchang.
On March 29, a delegation from the ** Business Federation visited Chiang Kai-shek, claiming that financial aid would be provided as long as he and break up. The delegation emphasized that ** should immediately return to peace and order, and Chiang Kai-shek also made a guarantee of "quick adjustment of labor-management relations."
Two days later, Yu Qiaqing and the ** Business Federation took the lead and formally established the "Jiangsu and ** Finance Committee". Participants included: Chen Guangfu, general manager of ** Commercial Savings Bank, Qian Yongming, deputy director of the Joint Preparation Deposit, and other major bankers, including Qian Yongming, the two largest Chinese banks, Bank of China and Bank of Communications. It can be said that this "Financial Committee." brings together almost all the top figures and representatives of major institutions in China's financial industry. On April 1, **'s banks and money banks provided Chiang Kai-shek with financial assistance of three million silver dollars and reached a financial aid agreement of up to sixty million silver dollars. The condition was that Chiang Kai-shek had to remove the staff from the Kuomintang, otherwise they would no longer support him. After all, bankers were the highest level of businessmen. Although they drew Chiang Kai-shek a big pie of 60 million oceans, they could only get the down payment before the matter was done, and they would continue to give it.
Chiang Kai-shek had already obtained the first issue of three million, and because he had the intention of pacifying the party, he felt that the subsequent 57 million could be obtained, which would be no problem. But at this moment, Wu Anping suddenly sent a messenger from the northwest. Not only did he propose to jointly issue legal currency, but he also proposed that if the pacifying party accepts his proposal, it does not expand or kills, he can get the 3-B silver dollar in three years. What is even more tempting is that these 300 million are not loans, and it has nothing to do with the money that should be distributed to the National Government if the joint issuance of fiat currency.
Sixty million and three hundred million are naturally all cakes in Chiang Kai-shek's opinion, but the first three million in the financial industry is naturally different from the first three million in Wu Anping's first. To be honest, Chiang Kai-shek was actually very moved by Wu Anping's proposal. For no other reason, he was just too short of money.
Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek felt that the 300 million northwest northwest and 60 million from the financial world "here he could get it. It was obvious that Wu Anping actually believed that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party would definitely break up." Yu Qiaqing and others did not require that killing should be used as proof of the breakup of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. He decided to decide how to purge the party. Although he could not act completely according to his intentions, as long as the means were more relaxed, he could get the best of both worlds and get 30 million silver dollars in the northwest, which was not a big grievance.
As for, since Wu Anping was willing to join him, it would be better to arrest him and "contact with the Northwest and send them all to the Northwest to be detained. Let's see if Wu Anping, a big capitalist, is in charge of these people, how to deal with them, and how to explain them. Moreover, doing so would not be unhelpful to him to win over the left and middle-class factions of the Kuomintang. At least no one broke up, which further showed his tolerance and selflessness in the purge of the party.
Of course, avoiding the Northwest supporting Wuhan is the main reason that prompted Chiang Kai-shek to unite with Wu Anping. After all, he is not an idealist revolutionary after all, but just a politician with ideals or ambitions. Politicians can sometimes be ignored.
Although Chiang Kai-shek was already moved, he was not without any concerns. Moreover, the opinions of others had not yet been unified, so he couldn't express his thoughts immediately and wanted to delay for a few days before talking. He had seen that Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Li Jishen and others would never object. As the Minister of Finance, Song Ziwen naturally knew that the current financial situation of the National Government was stretched. At most, he hesitated and would not firmly object. Wu Zhihui and Cai Yuanpei were not easy to convince, but as long as everyone agreed and formed a resolution, they could only obey it even if they opposed it.
Chiang Kai-shek wanted to delay and wanted to get along with others, but on April 4th, he didn't easily express his opinions in the morning. Unexpectedly, after the two-hour recess at noon, when the afternoon meeting was about to be held, he suddenly changed his mind, directly expressed his thoughts, and personally persuaded Wu Zhihui and Cai Yuanpei to get up.
Of course something happened during the two hours at noon, but the reason started in the morning.
Chiang Kai-shek had known that these bankers and entrepreneurs were actually not at ease with him, but he had never expected that after Wang Zhaoming arrived unexpectedly, he did not insist on his opinion on pacification when he visited Chairman Wang, but promised that he would first coordinate with Chen Duxiu, which caused great suspicion to these people.
They were increasingly unable to understand the true relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and the Wuhan government, and were worried that they would give the money to Chiang Kai-shek for nothing, and they would not be able to achieve their own goal of strangling the Great Revolution and splitting the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. So, in order to seek insurance, they did another thing.
After yesterday's meeting, Song Ziwen did not stay in Longhua Town for rest, but returned to the town's residence. But early this morning, he had not set off to go to Longhua Town again, but the ** bankers and entrepreneurs suddenly came to him. They asked Song Ziwen to sign in the name of the Minister of Finance of the National Government to provide a written guarantee for Chiang Kai-shek to repay the so-called "loan".
The reason why I went to Song Ziwen was, first because he was the Minister of Finance of the National Government, and secondly because the Song family is a famous family today, Song Ziwen himself also enjoys a high reputation. If he is willing to provide a guarantee, even if Chiang Kai-shek changes his mind, he will not worry about losing tens of millions of dollars.
However, at this time, Song Ziwen was still a firm central faction in Wuhan. How could he be willing to provide guarantees for Chiang Kai-shek's "private loans" to the financial industry? These people naturally encountered a nail in front of him. Song Ziwen refused to sign because "the government had never had such an intention, and I dared not make a rash decision." As an excuse, she firmly refused to sign, and finally got rid of these people's entanglement and drove to Longhua Town to attend the meeting.
Chiang Kai-shek was spreading his eyes and heard about this situation immediately. He was naturally very angry about this, resenting Song Ziwen's "fool loyalty" and deeply dissatisfied with the financial industry's attempt to control him. However, at the morning meeting, he did not bring out these emotions and had been well controlled. "Although his heart was full of twists and turns", his face was still calm.
While the lunch break was over, Chiang Kai-shek called Yu Qiaqing directly. Yu Qiaqing's residence, Yu Gongguan, was located on Haining Road and was located in the concession, so it was naturally inconvenient for him to go.
The phone was connected and both sides were a little polite. Chiang Kai-shek asked without hesitation: "Brother Ade, what happened this morning?"
This sentence is unclear, but Yu Qiaqing understood it very clearly and said in a short while in silence: "Zhongzheng, based on your relationship" there is no need to hide it from you. The so-called revolution at present has posed a real threat to the interests of all countries in China and the interests of their own industrial and commercial circles. Many people hope for you and hope that you can change this dangerous situation. For this reason, they are willing to provide you with large amounts of financial aid."
"But the problem now is that you are always entangled with Guan Nai in Wuhan, and everyone cannot accurately judge your position. Many people are worried that "these hundreds of millions of oceans may be wasted." Not only can they not solve their own difficulties, but they will make themselves even more difficult. The reason why everyone goes to Song Ziwen to ask for a guarantee is because of such concerns. Zhongzheng, if you want to get more support, you must be more determined and have more ruthless methods, so I can also speak for you in the center..."
Chiang Kai-shek's mouth showed a sarcastic sneer, but his words were still respectful: "Brother Ade, I've recorded it..."
Yu Qiaqing replied on the other side: "Don't take this matter to heart." I believe you and advised everyone for a long time, but the leader is the Xi family, and I can't do anything about it. I didn't go, but don't blame the Xi family. You must know that millions and tens of millions of oceans are not decimals. "Everyone should be careful..."
"Okay, I understand..." Chiang Kai-shek hung up the phone after chatting casually.
It is clear that these financiers are putting pressure on him, "or what happened in the morning is that they played a play." Knowing that Song Ziwen refused to sign, they went to him together. This is actually nothing, he could completely bypass Song Ziwen and contact them alone. In fact, this is what he did in history.
But he had no choice at that time, but now, it may not be true.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek naturally remembered Wu Anping's promise. Compared with the funds mentioned by the Northwest King, what the business community can provide is not worth mentioning at all. Moreover, he suddenly thought: with the strength of the Northwest, if he wants to restrain him, he has all the means. Whether he accepts or rejects Wu Anping's proposal at the moment, he is actually in the same situation. Since that is the case, why should he refuse? Of course, if the financial industry is still willing to provide financial support, he will naturally not refuse, but if he wants to use this to restrain him, he will inevitably suffer.
"Xi Family?" Chiang Kai-shek snorted.
This Xi family refers to the Xi family of Dongting Mountain Gang in Suzhou. Its power in the financial industry is really extraordinary. Compared with this, Yu Qiaqing is not enough.
There is a very important organization in the Shanhai Commercial Federation, which is the ** Yinlou Guild, and the representative of this trade union is the Xi Yunsheng family. In fact, the Xi family of the Dongting Mountain Gang is the pillar of the Jiangxi Caibao Group. It has a significant influence in the foreign banks, official banks, commercial banks, money houses and industrial business circles, and has weaved a huge network of personal connections. In 1874, Xi Zhengfu became the comprador of HSBC Bank. Since then, his grandparents and grandchildren have been through three generations, but the Xi family has always controlled the position of HSBC Bank comprador.
All HSBC's business to China, including the dismantling of ** money shop **, political loans to the Chinese government, railway loans and advance payments to the opium trade, are operated by the "comprador room" of HSBC Bank controlled by the Xi family. The senior officials of the Westernization Party of the Qing Dynasty, from Zuo Zongtang, Li Hongzhang to Sheng Xuanhuai, would inevitably ask the Xi family for help, and without exception became the Xi family's brother. Daily financing is required.
The ** money shop was even more obedient to the Xi family's words. The other three of the four brothers of Mu Zhengfu were not simple. The eldest son Xi Suoqing went in as a comprador in the second year after the establishment of the Standard Chartered Bank in the UK. He was the bank's veteran: the third son Xi Liehua was once the comprador of Defen Bank in the UK and the comprador of the China-Russia Daosheng Bank: the fourth son adopted the Xi family's relatives, Shen Eryuan, the first comprador of the New Sassoon Foreign Company, and succeeded the comprador of the Sassoon Foreign Company, known as the "Sassoon Old Fourth..."
Since then, the Xi family's children have successively entered the family's comprador relationship network and become compradors of thirteen foreign banks. In Si Shi, more of their relatives, Si Township, and Si Xue were gradually entering this seclusion department, and finally formed a super powerful financial and social relationship network. For example, Xi Zhengfu's grandson Xi Debing was the Si Xue of Song Ziwen when she was in the United States, and his eldest brother Si Shi, you are the father-in-law of Song Ziwen's younger brother Song Ziliang. There are many other similar relationships.
In addition to being compradors for international bankers, the Xi family also used its monopoly on foreign banking business. With its connections with government officials and its strong financial resources, it participated in the establishment of China's official banking department, such as the Ministry of Revenue Bank, the Qing Bank, the Bank of China, etc., and became a major shareholder.
It can be said that the entire financial industry, from foreign banks to official banks, to private money houses, all are within the sphere of influence of the Xi family. Back then, the Xi family killed Hu Xueyan, who was known as the richest man in China, which shows how strong their strength is.
Chiang Kai-shek had been in the exchange of **, so it was impossible for him not to know what the Xi family was. However, as the most prestigious military and political leader of the Republic of China, if he had no desire for financing for the Xi family, then the Xi family would really be nothing to him. Today, the key to this trick in the financial world of ** is not whether they are smart or not, but that they expected to make a mistake in the market, thinking that Chiang Kai-shek could only rely on them and had no second path to go. In fact, it is precisely because Chiang Kai-shek's second path is wider than theirs.
What's more interesting is that in fact, whether in the northwest or the financial circles, the financial support for Chiang Kai-shek was to directly or indirectly achieve his intentions. To a certain extent, this was actually an interference with Chiang Kai-shek's power. Even if he finally accepted the interference, he always had a breath of anger in his heart.
And this anger was naturally nowhere to be caused by the choice of ** comprador. But now there is one more option for Northwest, and he chose to cooperate with Northwest. Although he still had no chance of attacks on the Northwest and was unable to do so, this anger could finally be released, and the goal was very clear, that is, the financial world of **. Of course, it is not yet time to see if Wu Anping is sincere in cooperation and how sincere it is. If he can make him seek it without plagiarism, it would be fine.
Chiang Kai-shek secretly made up his mind to give the Xi family a good look in the future. The Xi family naturally didn't expect such changes, but Chiang Kai-shek actually didn't know that it was because the Xi family thought he was worthy of support that international bankers trusted him. Then, it was the incident of Yu Qiaqing going to Nanchang.
In original history, it was precisely because of the support of the Xi family that Chiang Kai-shek's era came in China. But now, the so-called history has long been beyond recognition.
After making up his mind, Chiang Kai-shek's attitude immediately changed drastically.
At the beginning of the afternoon meeting, Chiang Kai-shek made it clear that he should unite with the Northwest, and without any effort, he persuaded Song Ziwen to accept Wu Anping's proposal to jointly issue legal currency.
The joint issuance of fiat currency has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the advantages and disadvantages are very great. Song Ziwen thought about it all night but it was still difficult to make a decision. After Chiang Kai-shek pushed, he chose his position and decided to seek more favorable clauses for the National Government to ensure financial stability in the next consultation with the Northwest. However, it was Wu Zhihui and Cai Yuanpei's turn, but it was not so easy to convince. Although the two knew how serious the consequences of alienating the Northwest were, they also believed that the consequences of uniting with the Northwest were much more serious for the Kuomintang. Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Li Jishen, and Kong Xiangxi took turns to persuade, and neither of them had changed their minds.
Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to decide to ease another day. If the two of them were not interested tomorrow, they would vote directly to everyone and ignore their opinions. But at this time, he suddenly had an idea and wanted to make things difficult for Wu Anping. When the meeting was in the middle of the rest, he recruited a special envoy sent by Wu Anping to mention the matter that Wu Zhihui and Cai Yuanpei strongly opposed. Although the special envoy did not know why he told him this, he still adopted Chiang Kai-shek's opinion and sent the news back to the Xifeng People's Liberation Army headquarters through the military radio station located in the Songhu Security Command.
One hour later, the call was sent back, signed by Wu Anping.
The content is actually very simple. Wu Anping sent an invitation to Cai Yuanpei and Wu Zhihui, inviting him to visit Xifeng tomorrow morning and return in the afternoon. Of course, he had to borrow the temporary airport of the Northern Expedition Army at **, and their treasure planes were not needed. Those who picked up Cai Yuanpei and Wu Zhihui would fly the northwest plane from Xifeng to **.
Chiang Kai-shek was stunned after seeing this.
It was passed to Wu Zhihui and Cai Yuanpei, and Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Li Jishen, Song Ziwen and others were all uproar when they learned about it.
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Chapter completed!