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Chapter 404: Academy of Sciences

The third prince looked back at Mr. Li: "Mr. Li has an idea?"

"Yes, Your Highness, let's go to Xingshan, Hubei. Isn't there any 200,000 Dashun army from the Thirteen Kuidong families? The Ming army only occupied the area south of the Yangtze River in Hubei. Xingshan is in Jiangbei and is still the ruling area of ​​Manchu people. As far as Li knows, Li Laiheng, the leader of the Thirteen Kuidong families, once sent someone to contact the Ming army. Although the Ming army actively contacted, many generals of the Thirteen families were worried." Mr. Li paused and said, "+The Thirteen Dongjia was originally a lineage of Li Zicheng's Dashun army. When the emperors of the Southern Ming Dynasty resisted the Qing Dynasty, they would rather join forces with Zhang Xianzhong's remaining troops to fight against the Qing Dynasty than with Dashun with the Emperors of the Southern Ming Dynasty.

The army fought alone, and all they wanted was Li Zicheng to capture Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen died at the hands of Li Zicheng. Moreover, Li Zicheng and his uncle Gao Yingxiang sent troops to Fengyang and dug up the Taizu Tomb. Although Li Laiheng was only the old subordinate of Dashun, his subordinates were afraid of returning old accounts after surrendering to Ming Dynasty. Therefore, although they secretly contacted the Ming army, they did not dare to make up their minds to surrender. If His Royal Highness went to Xingshan, contacted Li Laiheng and persuaded them to gather together to rely on His Royal Highness, with these 200,000 patriots who resisted the Qing Dynasty, plus the 100,000 congregations in Xiangtang in various places, they would not worry about the failure of hegemony."

+The Thirteen East Families are the general term for the anti-Qing armed forces in the area east of Kuizhou. With the purpose of anti-Qing and restoring Ming Dynasty, the core is the former Li Zicheng's Dashun peasant uprising army. After Li Zicheng withdrew from Beijing, he was defeated by the Qing army continuously. Finally, he was suddenly killed by landlords in Jiugongshan, Tongshan County, Hubei Province. His remaining troops Liu Tichun, Hao Yongzhong, Li Laiheng, Yuan Zongdi and others still had more than 200,000 to 200,000 people in various places. Around the third to fourth years of Shunzhi, they fought in succession and returned to Xingshan, Guizhou, Badong, Daning and other counties in the Sichuan-European border area. They combined 200,000 troops, and were a huge force. They were the last anti-Qing force of the orphans of the Dashun Army.

After hard work, the leader Li Laiheng led his people back to Bagui, selected Xingshan and Maolu Mountain as the base, and established the General's Mansion in Qilianping. Finally, an anti-Qing base center centered on Maolu Mountain in Xingshan County, Hubei Province, occupied more than 20 to 20 counties and had tens of thousands of troops.

In the early years of Kangxi, the Manchus carried out a large-scale encirclement and suppression of the Thirteen Kuidong Families in Xingshan, Hubei. If it were based on the original history, the Thirteen of the Earth and Thirteen of the East would probably have perished. It was precisely because of the rise of the Southern Ming Dynasty that the Manchus had no time to deal with this group of bandits hiding in the mountains, which also allowed the Thirteen of the Kuidong Families to be able to maintain in Xingshan.

Prince Zhu San nodded, and a trace of hope flashed in his gray eyes: "Okay, go to Xingshan. I have heard that Li Deheng resisted the Qing army with 200,000 weak people for twenty years. He is a great hero who stands tall. Although he is the remaining thief, these are already old things after all."

The waves were even faster, and above the blue waves, Prince Zhu San's boat was like a sharp arrow and sailed into the waters of the Beibu Gulf.

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The Pearl River Port is one of the most important positions in industrialization in Zhu Jun's plan. For this reason, the imperial court has set up four development areas here, namely Panyu, Xiangshan, Shunde and Xin'an. The total area is three times that of the Haidu Development Zone. The cost of infrastructure alone exceeds 8 million taels of silver. It took a whole year for the labor force to completely build the infrastructure facilities. The year after that, it was crazy to attract investment. The Han people in Guangdong were closely connected with Nanyang. After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, there were many Guangdong people who fled to Nanyang. Now these people returned home in glory and brought back not only family affection, but also countless funds. In one year, the four development zones continued to build factories and recruited a large number of workers. Now a complete production system has been formed.

Zhu Jun, accompanied by Zhao Gao, made a brief stay in Panyu Development Zone. The hinterland of Panyu is the sea, with a special large port transportation and sea route. In the north is the Guangzhou Prefecture, the Sansi Yamen Station of Guangdong Province. The left and right are Shunde and Xin'an Development Zone. The geographical conditions are extremely superior, so attracting investment is also the first of the four major development zones. Now nearly 300,000 people have entered the development zone to work, and 640 large and small workshops. The factories are continuously producing various goods through Panyu Port and connecting Guangdong, Shunde and Xin'an Dijidao.

The officials in the development zone were chosen by the Ministry of Works. Zhou Mubai personally chose the chief officer. Therefore, the landlord of the Panyu Development Zone naturally had a similar temper to Zhou Mubai. He was familiar with various data in front of Zhu Jun. How much steel is produced in the development zone every month, how much cloth is produced, etc. Zhu Jun was also very happy to listen. This made Zhao Gao look depressed. The dignified governor could only stand by his side and let the sixth-rank chief officer show his attention.

At this time, a North Town Fushi came in and reported: "The Emperor, Master Hongzhi, has found it. He is outside the yamen."

Zhu Jun rubbed his hands excitedly and quickly stood up from the imperial case: "Please..." As soon as he finished speaking, Zhu Jun regretted it again. He waved his hand and said: "I'd better go and greet it myself."

After he got up and walked out of the yamen. The civil and military officials in the yamen were all confused. Who is Master Hongzhi? They had never even heard of it. But the emperor valued it so much. No one dared to stay here anymore. They followed the emperor out of the yamen to welcome him.

Zhu Jun slowly walked to the yamen. He looked up and saw an old monk standing outside the door wearing a shabby monk's robe. His body was still strong. The old monk's eyes seemed to fall on Zhu Jun. He looked up and down and sighed.

"I am just wise to pay tribute to the emperor." The old monk's eyes were filled with tears and he knelt down unconsciously.

Zhu Jun speeded up his steps and helped Fang Yizhi up: "Fang Aiqing, don't be polite, get up and talk."

The officials following Zhu Jun suddenly understood that this person was Fang Yizhi, who was famous all over the world. When they could not have imagined that the old man had now shaved his hair and became a monk.

Fang Yizhishen looked at Zhu Jun, closed his hands and performed various Buddhist rituals: "After separation for many years, the emperor is no longer the emperor he used to be."

Zhu Jun's face changed when he heard this, and then he realized that Fang Yizhi was referring to something else. Fang Yizhi was from Fengyili, Tongcheng County, Anqing Prefecture, and was the main aristocratic child of the Tongcheng area during this period. His great-grandfather Fang Xuejian was proficient in medicine and Neo-Confucianism, and could learn from various schools of thought, integrating them into a system. In addition to recording the "Travels of the East" that went to Donglin to give lectures, he wrote "Yi Li", "Natural Good Yi", "Tong Yi", "Article Xun", "Tongchuan Yu", etc. During the Wanli period, his grandfather Fang Dazhen served as Zuo Shaoqing of Dali Temple, and wrote hundreds of volumes such as "Yi Yi", "Poetics", "Lishu", "Yong Si Lu", and "You Zhong Lu".

Geng Dingli, who studied in the Taizhou School, included him in "The Confucianism Case" of Ming Dynasty. His grandfather Wu Yingbin was proficient in Buddhism and Confucianism, and wrote "Complete Collection of Xueyi", "Study on Xueyong", "Zongyi Sheng Lun", "Sanyi Zhai Manuscript", etc. His father Fang Kong was a Jinshi in the 44th year of Wanli. He was appointed as the governor of Huguang in the Chongzhen Dynasty. He was proficient in medicine, geography, and military. He also came into contact with Western learning earlier and advocated studying the knowledge of practical use in the world. He wrote "Theory of the Zhou Yi Shi", "A Brief Record of the Complete Border", "Shangshu Shi Lun", and other works such as "A Brief Record of the Complete Border".

"Theory of the Times of the Zhouyi" was included in the inventory by "Siku Summary".

Fang Yizhi has been studying at home since childhood and was raised by his mother and aunt since childhood.

After adulthood, Fang Yizhi traveled to Jianghuai, Wuyue, and visited the collection of books, read a lot of books, and made friends everywhere, making friends with his classmates. Among his classmates were Western missionaries Bi Francis and Johnson Chan, and read Western books. From them, Fang Yizhi learned to learn about modern Western natural sciences. He believed that: "Today, there are many things to do, people in the country must recognize, the trends of the four directions must be recognized, and the mountains, rivers, and the chaotic changes must be noted." He once wrote a poem saying: "The frost is like snow, and the battles are lonely in the south. Don't say that you can have no homeland. When you scold me, you will laugh, and the cow will bear the reputation of the whole world. The clouds move for a long time

The spirit of the rivers and lakes, and when the sword is played, it turns into the sound of wind and rain. Only now the world is in the world, and there are crazy people at the foot of Longmian Mountain." He expressed his extraordinary political ambitions. He advised the emperor to select talents and use their abilities, eliminate their shortcomings, and implement certain reforms. He once wrote "The Imperial Edict on Seeking Talents", "The Memorial on Seeking Talents", "The Memorial on Seeking Talents for the Masters" and "The Memorial on Seeking Talents for Reading and Meeting People", and decided to take it as his mission to support the Ming Dynasty's revival. In "The Eleven Biography of the Book of Deer", he expressed his desire to "the greed of the East China Sea and wash away the dirty world." He once joined forces with Chen Zhenhui, Wu Yingji, Hou Fangyu and others to reunite the society, and judged the people and satirized the court. He was known as the "Four Young Masters", and was famous for his articles.

Fang Yizhi's father Fang Kong was impeached and imprisoned by Yang Sichang when he was appointed as the governor of Huguang. Fang Yizhi's bloody lawsuit against the wrongdoers, and Fang Kong got it. This was the story that was once passed on.

In the 13th year of Chongzhen, Fang Yizhi, who was thirty years old, became a Jinshi and was elected as a Shujishi. Someone recommended Fang Yizhi to Emperor Chongzhen. Chongzhen summoned the Dezheng Hall, and Fang Yizhi "speaks in a confidential manner, and the superiors praised him for his good deeds." Later, he served as a lecturer in the Ministry of Works' Ministry of Works, the Hanlin Academy's review, and the princes Ding and Yongwang.

Four years later, Li Zicheng's peasant army invaded Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself. Fang Yizhi cried bitterly in front of Chongzhen's spirit and was captured by the peasant army. The peasant army tortured him severely, but he refused to surrender. Soon, Li Zicheng was defeated by Shanhaiguan, and Fang Yizhi took advantage of the chaos to escape south and survived the disaster. When Fang Yizhi's peasant army was swearing to death in Beijing and did not surrender to the south of the Yangtze River, his friends all compared him to Wen Tianxiang.

Fang Yizhi ran to Nanjing to join the Hongguang regime of the Southern Ming Dynasty. The enemy Ruan Da controlled the Hongguang government of the Southern Ming Dynasty. He was constantly excluded and persecuted. Therefore, he had to change his name to Wu Shigong, live in Lingnan, and make a living by selling medicine in Guangdong and Guangxi. Soon, Emperor Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty summoned him as his former official Shujishi. Fang Yizhi refused to respond and named him "Sanping", wandering among the mountains and rivers of the Pearl River.

Later, King Zhu Youlang of Gui became emperor in Zhaoqing. Under the recommendation of his father's friend Qu Shifan, Fang Yizhi participated in the activities of supporting the Yongli regime, and served as Zuo Zhongyun, Shao Zhanshi, and a lecturer at the Hanlin Academy. Fang Yizhi soon discovered that the King of Gui regime was in danger of protection and was not in line with the real name. Inside, there were disputes between the inside and the treacherous people were in power, and outside, they fought with the Shaowu regime in Guangzhou and met with each other. Yongli was even more timid and ran away as a mouse. All of this made Fang Yizhi disheartened. Later, he was accused of being impeached and dismissed. He had to escape from the minority settlements in Hunan, Gui, and western Guangdong, living a life of "a hut of a hut and a chicken staying in the fire-scarred villages, and a ghost in the neighborhoods."

When the Qing soldiers marched southward, he contacted the southeast anti-Qing forces to resist. The Qing soldiers captured Pingle, Guangxi, and Fang Yizhi was arrested. The Qing army placed a Qing army official uniform on the left of Fang Yizhi and a bright knife on the right, allowing Fang Yizhi to choose. Fang Yizhi did not hesitate and immediately rushed to the right, indicating that he would rather die than surrender. The Qing generals admired his integrity very much, so they released him. After being released, they: u became a monk, changed his name to Hongzhi, and his name was Wugui.

Among the five major scientific masters in the late Ming Dynasty, Fang Yizhi, Li Shizhen, Xu Guangqi, Xu Xiake and Song Yingxing were once ranked by later generations. Among them, "The Physical Knowledge" written by Fang Yizhi was particularly outstanding and could be regarded as a scientific masterpiece in the late Ming Dynasty. It was precisely because of his contact with "The Physical Knowledge" that Zhu Jun remembered Fang Yizhi. After the Ming Dynasty restored Jiangnan, Zhu Jun sent Jinyiwei to search everywhere, hoping to use this scientific master who is comparable to Newton to invite him to hold a very important position.

Zhu Jun knew that the reason why Fang Yizhi said, "After separation for many years, the emperor is no longer the emperor of the past" was not another meaning. As early as ten years ago, Fang Yizhi was one of the supporters of Emperor Yongli, and then he was disguised. Now, when Zhu Jun stood in front of Fang Yizhi, he would naturally say that the emperor was no longer the emperor's words, but this emperor was just the Yongli who was greedy for life and feared death. Now in front of Fang Yizhi, he is a reborn king who has experienced the strength and rejuvenation of the king.

Zhu Jun took Fang Yizhi's hand and entered the yatang under the envy of a large number of officials. Zhu Jun sat in the upper seat and moved Fang Yizhi to Jindun from others. Local officials in Guangdong could only stand on both sides. Zhu Jun asked: "Mr. Fang's physics knowledge has been studied and has benefited a lot. Now I know that Mr. Fang is a talented person. This time I specially invited him to come to the court to become an official, to do something for the Ming Dynasty, and to the people of the world."

The book "Small Physics Knowledge" has twelve volumes, divided into fifteen categories, namely the heaven, calendar, wind, thunder, rain, electricity, earth, occupation, human body, medicine, diet, clothing, metal, instruments, plants, birds and beasts, ghosts, gods, arts, and other events. From the content, it covers many aspects such as astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, agriculture, craftsmanship, philosophy, art, etc.

The value of "The Physical Knowledge" is not only reflected in its practicality, but also in its unique scientific insights. Fang Yizhi put forward many insights in this book. In terms of astronomy, "The Physical Knowledge" inherited the excellent achievements of traditional Chinese astronomy and absorbed advanced knowledge introduced to the West at that time. For example, the book believes that "the earth is actually round, in the sky... According to legend, the earth floats on the water, and the sky is covered with water, which is wrong. The terrain is like walnut meat, with a concave mountain and a concave sea."

Traditionally, China has always believed that the sky is round and the earth is flat. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, missionaries came to China and brought the theory of earth round and the theory was accepted by some Chinese intellectuals. Fang Yizhi was one of them. What he said was that "the terrain is like walnut meat, and the mountains and concave seas are bulging."

The earth shows that the sea is also part of the earth, which helps to break the traditional saying "

In terms of physics, "Physical Knowledge" has many more commendable aspects, especially in the aspects of its optical and acoustic knowledge. "Physical Knowledge"'s understanding of the fluctuations of light and sound is far stronger than its predecessors. The book proposes the theory of simple light fluctuations that we call the "qi and light fluctuation theory". Fang Yizhi explained his "light fat, shadow and thin" proposition, believing that during the propagation process, light always invades the geometric optical shadow range, so that the light area is expanded and the shadow area is narrowed.

Based on this, he refuted the preachers' claim that the diameter of the sun is nearly one-third of the distance between the sun and the earth. These are all unprecedented academic contributions.

In addition, the description and analysis of many issues such as dispersion, reflection and refraction of light, the occurrence, propagation, reflection, resonance, sound insulation effect, specific gravity, magnetic effect, etc. of "Physical Knowledge".

Physical Knowledge has also made many contributions in medicine and biology. Fang Yizhi has made great efforts in these aspects, and the relevant entries account for one-third of the total entries in the book. He is good at understanding Chinese and Western cultures, and has conducted in-depth research on human physiology, pathology, medical care, medicine, etc. Fang Yizhi attaches great importance to absorbing and introducing Western medical knowledge to make up for the shortcomings of traditional medicine. He introduced a lot of Western medical anatomy knowledge in "Physical Knowledge", which is the traditional medicine

A weak link in the human body. Based on the physiological knowledge of the Western human body, he proposed that "the wisdom and foolishness of human beings are related to the clear and turbidity of the brain", which is a brave breakthrough in the traditional saying "the official of the heart is thinking". Fang Yizhi is also very proficient in traditional medicine. "Physical Knowledge" has widely quoted the remarks of doctors of all dynasties and combined them with the strengths of each school. In terms of pharmacology, "Physical Knowledge" not only discovered and corrected some errors and omissions in the past dynasties (including Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica").

Fang Yizhi accepted Western scientific and technological knowledge, but did not blindly follow, but through his own careful thinking and digestion. For example, he first examined the observational evidence on which the Earthly Round theory relied, and then accepted it. He refuted the wrong statements of the missionaries. For example, the missionary once said that the radius of the sun is more than 160 times the radius of the earth, and the sun is only more than 16 million miles away from the earth. Fang Yizhi pointed out that this is wrong and personally estimated that the circumference of the earth is about 90,000 miles, which is more accurate than the West.

What Zhu Jun admires most is not that he invented something, but that the old man has been involved in modern astronomy, geography, chemistry, biology, medicine, agriculture, craftsmanship, philosophy, art, etc. This alone is enough for Zhu Jun to attract interest.

"The emperor summoned me. Although I was in vain, I dare not act as a vain?" Fang Yizhi was definitely not an vague person. In order to fight against the Qing Dynasty, he jumped up and down, and even ran to the mountains to inspire bandits to fight against the Qing Dynasty. Even if he was framed and left the court, he was still contacting the anti-Qing forces everywhere and shouting loudly.

Zhu Jun smiled and said, "I plan to personally create an official name for you, well, it is called the Academy of Sciences's Priest Bar. From then on, the six ministries and nine ministers were changed to six ministries and ten ministers, and the second rank, how about it?"

"Academy of Science?" Fang Yizhi said: "Your Majesty, how dare you ask what is the agency of this Academy of Sciences?"

Zhu Jundao: "Astronomy, geography, research, crafts, and agronomical science are all included. As long as there are professional scholars, they can be admitted to the hospital for research. The treasury provides funds on time every year. The Academy of Sciences can also set up rewards. Any scholar who has outstanding achievements or has studied physical objects can be awarded medals and rewards. I have ordered the construction of the Academy of Sciences in Nanjing Xindu, which is the same as the Hanlin Academy. I will not read articles or ask about the eight-part essays, but only see if I have unique knowledge and skills, professional skills and special talents. The Academy of Sciences has ten departments, one is the Astronomy Department, two is the Geography Department, three is the Physics Department, four is the Chemistry Department, five is the Biology Department, six is ​​the Medicine Department, seven is the Agriculture Department, eight is the Craft Department, nine is the Philosophy Department, and ten is the Art Department. Each department has one chief officer, with a third rank, each department has a lecturer, and then recruits a talented person to be admitted to the hospital for doctors, editors, and reviewers."

Fang Yizhi sat on the Jindun, looking like a hypocritical monk, but his heart was beating wildly, and there was no ecstasy in his eyes. He didn't care about fame and fortune. After so many years of ups and downs, he went from a suave romantic boy to an old man who was about to become a thriving old man. Fame and fortune have long passed, but the new Academy of Sciences that the emperor wanted to build made Fang Yizhi feel warm. He was originally a Confucian family, but later hunted for Western learning and studied various academics. Now he has let him take over the Academy of Sciences, which is really a great comfort to his life. The most important thing is that the emperor promoted the Academy of Sciences to the same status as the Hanlin Academy. This means that the Ming Dynasty's way of seeking scholars may have changed.

Fang Yizhi suddenly opened his eyes, and the wrinkles on his face also looked much smoother, as if he had suddenly become much younger. He stood up and paused for a moment, then pulled off the cassock with his hand, and showed the underwear and breeches inside the cassock, and said solemnly to Zhu Jun: "Your Majesty, I won't do this monk. Today I will retire from my seal and return to secular life. Can this Academy of Sciences take office immediately?"

Fang Yizhi's behavior seemed a little 'big in the eyes of civil and military officials in the yamen, but Zhu Jun did not care: "You go to Jiangnan with me first, walk around Lingnan, and then go back to the sea to choose some good talents, and then take office when moving the capital. Fang Aiqing, I heard that you have a son named Fang Zhongtong, right? He also published a book called "Seven Degrees" and was familiar with astronomy and calendar calculations. Fang Aiqing is old, so I will order Fang Zhongtong to go to Nanjing together in the future and work in the Academy of Sciences."

Fang Yizhi was obviously a monk with a poor six senses. When it comes to his son's face, he was a little rosy. For six generations, the Fang family has been passed down from generation to generation, and he has been infertile with great scholars. Each of them is more knowledgeable than the other. People have published books from generation to generation, from Confucianism, Yixue to the mind, Western learning, and whatever they get, and they are also very familiar with playing. Any book is a masterpiece that is passed down from generation to generation, setting a precedent for history.

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Today I would like to introduce a character from Niu B. It might be a bit boring, but this old guy is really amazing, and the whole family is amazing. Let me introduce it more.
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