What did you say? You can't understand what you mean by looking around? Alas, as the emperor who has just traveled through time, this is normal. Explain a few more words.

If you still have an impression of the content of middle school history textbooks, you should remember that the political system of the Tang Dynasty was generally called the "three provinces and six ministries system". Right? The three provinces are the Secretariat (the officials in it are the emperor's secretary of all sizes), the Secretariat (the officials in it are the examiners of all sizes), the Secretariat and its six subordinate ministries (equivalent to the State Council and its subordinate ministries and departments, where policies are truly implemented and work).

Then the process of issuing this "book-making imperial edict" is as follows:

1. One day someone reminds the emperor, or you wake up and remembers that someone wants to pay homage to you/A big thing needs to be done, so you call the officials of the Secretariat, that is, the secretary, and ask them to write a document about this matter.

2. As for this official document, after writing according to the system, it will be sent to the province for review, so the official document starts with "Door: (of course there was no punctuation at that time)". After receiving government affairs content, it is generally written in a gorgeous and profound way to show that my government team is well-educated. Then the date of drafting the document is "A year, B month, day", and the numbers before "day" are empty. After writing, the documents are given to the emperor for your review.

3. After the emperor looked at it, he felt that he could, so he picked up his pen and dipped it in cinnabar and filled in the number C before "Day", as a certificate of "I have read it, which is what I mean". This step is called "Drawing Day", and then sent back to the Secretariat.

4. When the Secretariat Secretary receives a copy of the documents you sent back from the emperor, he must copy them and save the original "Drawing Day" file (to prevent you from cheating and saying that I have never read this official document. You are cheating on the emperor and making fraud ==).

5. For documents copied as they are, the secretaries of the Secretariat must sign at the back. Generally, the three levels of secretaries sign in order according to the official and the officials, namely "Shu Lingshu [Zhao Ada] Secretariat Minister [Qian Aer] Secretariat Minister [Qian Aer] Secretariat Minister [Sun Asan]". "Xuan, Feng, and Xing" are all government affairs terms, and will not be explained in detail. After signing the documents, they will be sent to the door for review.

6. After reading the reviewers and bosses in the Ministry of Education, if there is no revision, they will sign the official and the official will write the review opinions and the review date. This is the part of the book "Shi Zhongchen [Li A Si] Huangmen Minister [Zhou A Wu] The Minister of the Ministry of Education [Wu A Liu] and others: The book is as good as the right one, please submit it to the outside world for implementation. Please give it to the departments of the Shangshu Province to implement it. D. E. Month, F. Day."

7. The Menxiasheng will send the documents signed after signing the opinions to the emperor again. If you want to approve them, please pick up the pen and write the word "ke" behind the documents. This step is called "Huake", and then send it back to the Menxiasheng.

8. The officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will copy a copy of the documents you sent back, and save the original document "Drawing Ke" written by you (or to prevent you from cheating and saying that I have not approved this official document for fraud ==). The original document was written by you in person, and the copy was written by the Ministry of Internal Affairs' Datou Shizhong, which means "Zhike", which means "the emperor signed and agreed here", and then send the copy to the department in the Ministry of State Administration that is responsible for implementing this government affairs.

9. After receiving this official document, the specific departments of the Shangshu Province first indicate the receipt time and the organizer, such as "Zuoshi Langzhong on I, I, J, and then from Datou of the Shangshu Province to the specific clerk, line up to sign it ==

10. After the signature of the Secretariat was completed, the clerk took the official document and went to read it to the parties who were entrusted/commendation, and wrote on the document: "Report [the party Feng Ajiu] to be written as the right hand, and the talisman is carried out", which means "the content of the imperial edict has been informed to the parties. Now that the imperial edict is in effect, he has been entrusted and commended."

11. Finally, several low-level clerks responsible for copying this book and archiving must also sign and indicate the copying and archive the time, namely, "The chief officer [Chen Ashi] Lingshi [Chu Shi]...Yuan Z, 2016"

What? You said that there are too many signatures on this imperial edict, so I can save money? Sorry, no, the civil servants who are officials receive state salaries and are strictly prohibited from absent from working without checking in or signing... Of course, if there are indeed special circumstances, you can also handle special matters, such as:

If the heads of the three provinces are empty and the emperor has not appointed high-ranking officials such as the Secretariat, Shizhong, Zuo Pushe, etc. when issuing the imperial edict, then the staff of the three provinces will write the word "que" in the place that should have been signed by the high-ranking officials; if the high-ranking officials are on vacation and do not go to work, write the "fake"; if the high-ranking officials are not in the office when they are on business trips, write the "in a certain place"; if... in short, no one can sign it, but the official position cannot be missing and the format cannot be messed up, otherwise the legality, seriousness and sacredness of this "bookmaking" will be reduced.

Alas, don’t hold your forehead and pinch your head and look painful. As mentioned above, the "Imperial Issue" or "Imperial Issue" in the Tang Dynasty can be divided into two types and seven categories. We just talked about the largest "book making" and there is still another one left.

"Book making" is actually applied to some so-called important matters, but the actual procedures are simple, such as establishing a queen and being a prime minister, just use the relevant departments to prepare things and hold ceremonies. In governing the country, the most complex, most energy-intensive and largest number are those endless business tasks, such as the adjustment of administrative divisions, the appointment and removal of middle and low-level officials, the trial of criminals, the preparation for war, the collection of grain, taxation and disaster relief for the people... The imperial edicts for handling these work are collectively called "elites", and most of them are written on "jute paper".

Compared with "book making", the characteristics of "authorized documents" are: simple procedures, few links, and rich substantive content.

For example, one day, Emperor, you went to court and were sitting on the imperial palace, sleeping in a daze, and suddenly heard a prime minister come out to report: "It's not good, the Eighteen Grassland Divisions (==) attacked our castles on the frontier again, burned, killed, looted, your majesty, what should you do?"

At this time, as usual, you want to learn from Wei Gong Xiaobao and ask back: "What do you think of? - Dear Prime Ministers, please discuss and get a solution and write it into a memorial for me to show."

So the production process of the "Edict" began. Half a day later, you received the official documents jointly handed over by the prime ministers:

————The dividing line of the content of the imperial edict—

[Official position name A] Minister [Name A], [Official position name B] Minister [Name B], [Official position name C] Minister [Name C], etc.:

[I wrote the government affairs opinions here, such as: The Eighteen Grassland Divisions are too bullying, we must fight hard, and all the troops around the battlefield are transferred to reinforce, limiting them to arrive, which warehouse to transport food from, and which arsenal to which weapons are allocated...] Report to hear the letter and listen to the imperial decree.

Year A, month C

——————The dividing line for the temporary end of the content of the imperial edict———

You read this official document several times and asked to reply. If you want to be lazy and fully agree with the prime ministers' opinions, and ask them to go directly, then just write a [Yixu] [Yiyi]. If you don't agree, you need them to modify the handling method, or even if you agree, you have a lot of words to say, you can also write a bunch of cinnabar and red letters to reply in a long and long way, such as: [The eighteen grasslands of meow, come to fight every year, and you only want to get through it every year, and you can't think of a long-term solution. I agree to implement the method you said, but you also need to select soldiers to train generals, and try to kill the eighteen old lairs outside the pass within three years. If you can't do it, you can resign collectively to let your sister be virtuous>_

The prime ministers received a reply full of your noisy words. While wiping their sweat, they copied a copy of jute paper as follows:

————The dividing line of the content of the upgraded version of the imperial edict—

[Official position name A] Minister [Name A], [Official position name B] Minister [Name B], [Official position name C] Minister [Name C], etc.:

[Governmental Affairs Handling Opinions: The Eighteen Grassland Departments bully people too much...] Follow the letter to hear the letter and listen to the imperial edicts.

Year A, month C

Imperial: [The eighteen tribes of the grassland come to fight every year... Let your sister's wife be>_

———————The dividing line at the end of the main content of the imperial edict———

The old rules are that if you have the original copy written by the emperor, you can save it to prevent you from cheating. The copy is signed by the official of the Secretariat [promoting......................................................................................................................................................... rules are sent to the Secretariat. After reviewing and signing, the Secretariat will be sent directly to the Secretariat. There is no need to reply to the emperor, nor do you need so many officials to queue up to sign (only personnel directly related to this government affairs need to sign).

The two types of imperial edicts mentioned above, "book-making" and most "decrees" require the emperor's personal signature before they can be issued. However, there is a small category called "decrees" in the "decrees", which are used to deal with a large number of trivial government affairs that are not important and have previous examples. This does not require the emperor's signature. The prime minister notes the previous sentence "We have informed the emperor that he agrees with our opinion [responsible for the imperial edict]".

At this point, if you feel that traveling through time to be an emperor to deal with state affairs and detaining individuals, there is another good news, that is, the above-mentioned bookmaking and imperial documents are actually formally disclosed by the state, so the procedures are very strict. But in fact, when the emperor and senior officials handle government affairs, they do not use these formal documents to do things, but often write some simple notes without format requirements to pass them privately, directing personnel from various departments, such as [Xiao and XX: If you have something, please help me do it, that's it...Edict]

But strictly speaking, these small notes handwritten by the emperor and have not been reviewed and discussed by the prime minister are not official documents of the state. They cannot be called "ethic edicts" or "edicts" and do not have legal effect. Whether the person who collects the notes follows the opinions on the note depends entirely on whether the personal relationship between him and the emperor is good (Is there any bad one?==)

Finally, let’s talk about two details:

The first one is that someone asked, this imperial edict often requires dozens of people from N departments to sign. How slow is the office efficiency? In fact, it also depends on the personal quality and overall working atmosphere of the officials. For example, a book made by Princess Feng Linchuan unearthed from Zhaoling. When government affairs occurred, the emperor and some prime ministers were in Luoyang, and other departments were in Chang'an, and more than a dozen people signed and handled the business. However, it took only two days from the start to the completion of the book.

Second, we are used to the so-called "monarchical feudal society", but from the above process of the imperial edict, you can feel that at least for most of the Tang Dynasty, the emperor's power was still very restricted. The core work of the "Shixia Province" among the three provinces was to restrain the emperor. In the early Tang Dynasty, especially the Zhenguan era, theoretically, if the officials of the Sixia Province failed to review and did not sign the imperial edict, the imperial edict could not be issued. Even if the emperor wrote "Make" in the official document, the officials of the Sixia Province still had the right to send the official document back to the Secretariat and asked the secretary to re-image it, or even put the pen on the imperial edicts themselves, and then threw it back again in the system.

This article mainly reference books & in-depth understanding recommendations: "Research on the system of the Zhongshu in the Tang Dynasty: Official Document Form. Government Affairs Operation and Institutional Changes" by Liu Houbin

The guide to Tang Chuan: "Mr. Wang!" "Hey? Do you want to recognize me as your adopted father?"

In the previous Tang Chuan Guide, we learned about the process of "issuing imperial edicts" after traveling through time to become an emperor. Some students suggested that the technical requirements for traveling through time to become an emperor are too high and difficult. Can you tell me more universal Tang Chuan knowledge?

According to the author's limited understanding, the men and women who traveled back to ancient times, in addition to being reincarnated as emperors, are the most likely to become concubines, princesses, and noble children. So today we will talk about what you should call after you become princesses and noble men and women after you open your eyes to see the person in front of you.

If you win the soul battle with the original host, occupy his/her body, and when you wake up, you feel like you are lying on a soft and gorgeous bedding, smelling a strong smell of incense and decocting medicine in your nose. Someone outside the screen in front of the ** shouted: "Queen, the husband/princess is finally awake!" Then the ** curtain is lifted up, and a woman in luxurious clothes leans over to see you-

At this time, you can call "Ah Mother" affectionately, or "Queen" seriously, it is best not to call "Mother Queen" - this word is not used as a face-to-face name in the Tang Dynasty, and she might think you are confused orz

Modern people are familiar with the words "My mother" that children call their mothers in person, and they mainly refer to the derivative names "Among Niang" and "Grandma (not specifically used to call concubines, but ordinary children call their mothers)" etc. If you think you are an adult with status and need to be serious in front of your mother, then you are called "Mother" or - note - the special noun for parents "adult".

If the prince or princess you travel through with is very close to the queen, then in informal occasions, you can be called "Aniang" directly like an ordinary civilian family. The etiquette and rules in the court in the Tang Dynasty were not as cold and strict as in later generations. If it is a formal occasion, or if you make the queen angry, you need to be careful to accompany you, then you have to follow outsiders and call her "His Highness" in person - not "His Majesty the Queen". Only the emperor can call her "His Majesty". We are wearing Tang, not Princess Sissi ==

You called "Amn" and the queen agreed, calling your nickname, or "Son" or something. The mother and the mother were talking, and the slaves outside told me: "The saint is here."

It was not Confucius or Guan Erye who came, but your father was the emperor of the dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, the most popular names for emperors were "saints", "masters", "masters" and "masters (people around the emperor, but ministers generally do not use them)", etc. The traditional "Your Majesty" can of course be used. As for the time-traveling buzzword "Emperor", it seemed to be a written term in the Tang Dynasty, and I did not see an example of living people calling the emperor in person. "Long Live" is used to flatter the emperor when the masses were excited, and this word was not regarded as a title in daily life.

As for you, a prince and princess who have just traveled through the upper body, it is not recommended to call it "Father Emperor". This word has not appeared as a title in the Tang Dynasty. Similarly, if you have a close relationship, you can just call "Father" or "Aye" like a commoner family.

Compared with the "Mother" series called mother, we may seem unfamiliar, messy, and cheated on fathers in the Tang Dynasty. The most popular name is the various derivatives of "Ye Ye (My)", such as "Ye Ye (My)" and "Aye (My)". It is very common for parents to collectively call "Ye (My)" to "Ye (My)" to "Ye (My)" to "Ye (My)" to "Ye (My)" to "Ye (My)" to "Ye (My)" to "Ye (My)" to "Ye (My)": "Ye (My)": "Ye (My)": "When I heard that my daughter came, I went out to support the generals."

But there is another name for a father, which is "Brother" @_@ "Old Book of Tang. Biography of Wang Ju": "Xuanzong said: 'Fourth Brothers are resembling and filial'." The "Fourth Brothers" here refers to Xuanzong's father Ruizong (ranked fourth among brothers of the same mother). "Biography of Wang Yan of Di": "Only the third brother distinguishes his crime." The "Three Brothers" here also refers to his father Xuanzong (ranked third among brothers). Li Shimin had a letter to his son Li Zhi, and he also called himself "Brother" at the end of the article.

The title "brother" refers to both his father and his elder brother. For example, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang once called his elder brother Ning Wang "big brother" and "brother Ning" in public. It is said that this title was passed down from the grassland people and has not yet been established in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the author solemnly advises all time travelers not to casually passers-by or even call their own brother "big brother" and "brother". This title can easily make people lose money in their seniority. The safety name for brothers in the Tang Dynasty was "brother" and "brother", and it is recommended to use it.

When we come back, we will also talk about the name of father. In spoken language, we can call it "yeah" and "brother". In written or serious occasions, we will naturally call it "father" or "adult".

As a verbal term in person, in the Tang Dynasty, it was only used to call parents. In some cases, it can be used to call direct blood relatives and respect elders. It must not be used to call various officials in "Master Zhang, Master Wang, Master Li" == For example, when Li Shimin persuaded his father Li Yuan to raise an army to rebel against the Sui Dynasty in Taiyuan, he said: "Master Wang was ordered to fight against the thief..." The Dunhuang article "Shunzi Transformation" also includes: "Master Shunzi crossed his hands and said: If you kill Ah Mother, Shunyuan has no filial piety, so Master thinks of him."

In fact, the name of father is used as "adult" and has been preserved in the habit of letters until modern times. For example, we can see from "Dream of Red Mansions" that people in the Qing Dynasty no longer called father "adult" orally, Jia Baoyu called his father "master", and Jia Huan and Jia Rong called him "father", but when they wrote a letter, such as Jia Yun, who recognized Baoyu as his godfather, wrote "The unfilial man Yun respectfully asked his father to be his great-grandfather, and Jin An".

As for when did "女" become a term for officials? I can't explain the specific time, but the evolution process of "女" and "女" is the same as the term "女" and the term "女" are gradually expanded and extended from "女" to "女". A phenomenon called "女" is combined with a flattering atmosphere. Finally, the semantic change of "女" is called official, and "女 (女)" is changed to "女" and the noble person.

Okay, you're asking: Since you can't call officials by "Master Zhang" and "Master Wang" in the Tang Dynasty, then in front of me, the two high-ranking officials named Wang, stood in front of me. What should I call them? You can't call them directly, right? This is too rude.

Well, polite people are good kids... When it comes to calling officials in the Tang Dynasty, there are roughly the following names:

First, "Secretary" + "Official title". The "Official title" here does not have to be the full name. For example, Liu is a member of "Sanqi Changshi", and often only calls him "Liu Changshi". Basically, each official title has some conventional titles. The "Shangshi of War" with the surname Zhao and the "Shangshi of the Ministry of Rites" with the surname Qian are both called "Shangshi of Zhao and Shangshu of Qian". The "Si Xun, the chief of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the founding of the title" and the title of "Shangshi of the surname Zhao" and "Public", which are widely used and available to the public, and are in the officialdom.

It is also available. If you traveled to the Zhenguan period, and saw Fang Xuanling and said "The Fang Gong is good", and met Wei Zheng and said "The Wei Gong is lucky", people would think that your child is quite well-educated. In addition, you can also use the name of the font and the land hope, "Taibai has a new sentence today?" "When will Liuzhou set out to travel south?" In this way, the third is "subject" + "any name". For example, the Tang Dynasty called the county magistrate "Mingfu", so the Zhang County magistrate Li County magistrate would be called Zhang Mingfu Li Mingfu, and the Zhongshu Sheren and the senior officials in the Menxia Province were also called "ge Lao".

In short, if you want to call "adult" any official you meet, this lazy method will not work. Those who are called "adult" will caress your head and smile without saying a word. Your real master will hear it next to you and will probably be so angry that you will beat you with a stick.

Back to the first scene of your successful time travel, Emperor Aye came in to see you, sat down and talked, and someone came in to report various affairs outside. If the person who came in was called "eunuch" after the Ming Dynasty, then in the Tang Dynasty he was called "eunuch", "eunuch" or "envoy". If the person who came in was a woman, he was "palace man", "palace maid" and "maid", which was not much different from later generations.

These slaves came in, worshiped "Everyone, Queen" and then saluted you. As for what they called you, it depends on who you had traveled through time.

If you have a high quality of time travel and become a formally enthroned crown prince, slaves and officials will call you "Your Highness the Crown Prince". If you were just a prince who had been crowned the king at that time, the people below would usually call you "Big King" (it felt very copycat and ugly, it seemed like you went to Huangfeng Cave of Huaguo Mountain? Hahaha, in fact, the pronunciation at that time was really called "King Dai"^_^). If you are not the crown prince, you will basically not be called "Your Highness the King X" or something.

As for the princess, she is also called "princess" or "principal" in person, and there is no big change.

However, there is another situation, that is, if the slaves you are looking at are very important to you, and you are posing as "we are as kind and warm as ordinary families", then it is possible that they are not called the princess, but like ordinary families, they call the male owner "Langjun", "(ranking)+lang", and the female owner "Lady" and "Little Lady".

The phrases "rank + Lang/Niang" such as "Wulang", "Liulang", "Auntie" and "Qi Niang" were the most common and most intimate honorific titles for men and women in the Tang Dynasty society, from the royal family to the untouchables, and were unimpeded.

If you want to observe their lives in an ordinary noble or civilian family, you will see that the slaves call the male master "Alang" or "master", the female master "Madam", the male master's sons "Langjun", "Dalang", "Erlang", "Sanlang"... The daughters called the male master's and female master's daughters "Little lady", "Aunt lady", "Erniang", "Sanniang"... As for the daughter-in-law who is called the male master and female master's daughter and son-in-law, they also add various modified restrictions such as surnames and rankings before and after "My lady" and "Lang", there are many changes, so I won't go into details.

The name of slaves calling men "Lang" and women "Lang" is because the meaning of esteeming and inferiority is very obvious. When it is spread to society, it becomes a widely used honorific title. Everyone calls each other "XLang" and "XNiang" to show that they are polite and well-educated.

For example, if you are a time traveler, you sneak out and go out to the street and get lost. You want to find someone to ask for directions. If the person in front of you is an elderly person (male), call someone "father-in-law" and "father-in-law" and "father-in-law" and "old lady" if you are an old woman, call him "grandma" and "old lady" if you are a young and middle-in-law. You are a young and middle-in-law, called "woman", and young and middle-in-law, called "woman" and "young men and women".

It should be noted that for people who are not familiar with each other, don’t just call them “big brother”, “big sister”, “uncle” and “aunt” like modern society. This phenomenon of “externalization of relative titles” was not popular in the Tang Dynasty. The person being called might be shocked and thought you were going to divide his property or something ==

So what do you call friends who are familiar with each other and other relatives?

In addition to "Lang", general honorific titles such as "jun", "qing", "pun", and "foot-seal" can be used as face-to-face titles. If you have a certain degree of intimacy with this friend, you can also call him "name + ranking", both parties will think this is an unusual expression of relationship, such as "sending Yuan 2 envoy Anxi", "Feasting for the Chiting Pavilion in Xinghua, sending Bai 22 East Returning to the East", "Sending Han 14th Jiangdong Province to the East", "Drunk Reminiscing Yuan Jiu with Li Shiyi", "Sweeping the South Pavilion in Summer"... This is like a modern person calling a friend, and when he opens his words, "Lao Liu", "Pig Head", "Old Dog, where are you?" The meaning is similar ^^||

Calling people with lower status than you, such as your nephew, can directly call them his name or nickname. When speaking in person, use "you", "ru", and "your" to speak in person. Calling your own slave is also called a name. When you are angry, you can call "dog slaves", "smaids", etc., but don't call them "slaves". Your slaves will not call themselves "slaves". Although this word has appeared in the Tang Dynasty, it is not a term. The slaves claim to be "slaves", "smaids", etc.

Finally, let’s talk about what you should call yourself after you travel through time and talk to different people.

When speaking to elders or peers, you should use humility to express your respect for the other party. For example, when speaking to the emperor, you should call yourself a "subject". If you travel through time, you can also call yourself a "subject" to the emperor and empress, but don't use "subject" as a "subject". This title was not seen in the Tang Dynasty.

In addition, it is more common to say that he is talking to him by his name, "Sir: A Chuan has taken medicine", "Don't be upset, A Chuan apologizes here". There is a gossip in "Jiu Talk of Sui and Tang Dynasties": "Taizong... first succeeded to the throne, and always named himself with Zheng Gong, and then the people in the world are in their hearts." It means that when Li Ergang became emperor, he talked to Wei Zheng (later named Duke Zheng) and always talked to "Shimin (shortly knowledgeable and respectful to the public to teach me)" "Shimin (who is about to be exhausted, can you nag a few less words)" This is very humble and polite. Therefore, the public intellectuals were very excited and believed that "Shimin (here is the people in the world are in their hearts"... ==|||||

The humble term used by men also includes common words such as "pu", "funny", "human", "going down", etc., which are not detailed. I want to talk about "Xi (Xi A, "Xi B)" with more characteristics in the Tang Dynasty. This is the kind of "Xi" with a relatively humble tone, and is common throughout the society. For example, the Dunhuang article "Han Qinhu's Talk": "Yang Jian Qiyan said to Empress: 'What is the power of a certain fate?' The queen asked: 'What is the person Aye court telling (Su) goodness?'' "Xi Jinwu is divided with the left and right Jinwu.'" - Here, Yang Jian is the father of the queen Yang Lihua, but the position of the queen is more noble than Yang Jian. The two of them talked and called him awkward, so Yang Jian used the universal self-proclaimed "Xi".

In addition to ordinary "maids" and "concubines", women use humility to call themselves "sons", which have the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty, and do not have to face their parents, and also call themselves the same to ordinary guests of respected elders and peers. In each article of Dunhuang change, women claim to be "sons", such as "Wu Zixu change": "The woman replied: 'The son heard the words of the ancients, so it is not false... The son's family lived in Nanyang County, and the 28th light was as bright as a savage..." and so on.

There is another self-proclaimed saying that you probably hear very awkwardly, which is "nu (Anu)". Men and women in the Tang Dynasty can use @_@ "Han Qinhu's Talk Book": "At that time, there was King Jin Lin and Chen, who knew that Yang Jian was the army (jun), and he was willing to live up to the emperor. He was the ministers of the court, □ in front of the hall. At that time, he asked: 'Anu is planning to launch troops and conquer the crazy Qin, what are you interested in?'" - The "nu" here is the Southern Chen Emperor Chen Shubao who claimed to be himself-"The emperor asked: 'Anu has no virtue, and he is the army (jun). Now, Jin Lin and Chen Shugu (bao) are born as a backbone and are not in accordance with Anu. Now, he intends to be appointed as a general and killing him. Who can go?'" - The two "Anu" here are both Yang Jian's claim ==. After the Song Dynasty, the "nu" series of self-proclaims evolved into women's only use, and men generally no longer use them.

The meaning of "slave" in the Tang Dynasty was very wide, and it was a nickname for people of all walks of life. The common word for boudoir name can be used to scold people and derogatory meanings. Parents are also often used to call their children and express compassion.

The above is a humble saying to the elders, and the following is a self-proclaiming to the subordinates and nephews.

First of all, I would like to say that after you travel through time to become an emperor, prince, and kings, you don’t have to call yourself “I”, “I”, “I”, etc. on all occasions. When historians write history, they like to process the emperor’s remarks according to the etiquette system, so that they can try to get closer to “I, I, I, and Widow”. However, in a large number of notes and novels and first-hand historical materials, there are records that the emperor calls himself “I”, “I” or even “slave” in less serious informal occasions.
To be continued...