Sometimes Zhao Bing really thought he had just entered the wrong door, not really traveled through time, because as he returned to Jiangnan to further understand the social structure and system, he found that some aspects of the Song Dynasty had many similarities with the modern social system, which made you feel familiar. In modern times, he only appeared in a different name, and Zhou Xiang's words made him feel even more like this.

First of all, I came to the Song Dynasty more than 800 years ago, but as long as the market economy was implemented, it was the same. Urbanization at this time was not only reflected in the rise of big cities, but also mainly the emergence of a large number of small towns. The densely populated villages and towns gradually formed commercial towns, and the large number of people living in towns have gradually departed from agricultural production, mainly commerce and handicrafts.

There are so many such towns that within dozens of miles around Lin'an City, people gathered and spread all over the city and streets, and even if they walk for a few days, they can't get out. This undoubtedly reflects the radiation effect of big cities, and a considerable number of towns, both in population and economic level, exceeds that of ordinary prefectures and counties. Many prefectures and counties are built and managed by the government, and towns are formed naturally by the people because of commercial activities, and they are radiating from all directions and coming. The latter is more prosperous and energetic. It is also the most common phenomenon of modern urbanization, and the phenomenon of towns is actually what we call "small towns".

Although the cities in the Song Dynasty were very different from modern cities supported by industrial technology, in other words, ancient cities were actually large villages. However, at this time, houses and houses in modern rural areas were more real estate than real estate. The houses themselves were in a relatively secondary position in the configuration of all home gardens.

The increase in population, the prosperity of commerce, and the development of cities have made land a scarce material like modern society. As a result, the huge demand for renting houses in cities has created a very active housing rental market. The Song Dynasty government was a rare commercial-driven government in history. Seeing that the real estate market was profitable, it also actively participated in it and set up special institutions to operate the rental of official land and public housing. On the one hand, the operating income was paid to the finance department, and on the other hand, it was also used to maintain local public welfare undertakings.

Although the Song Dynasty went a long way in commercialization, it did not relax its political relief function. For a large number of displaced lower-class people, the court built a large number of resettlement places and welfare facilities. It also took action to stabilize housing prices and issued purchase restrictions to protect the rights and interests of civilians. Officials were not allowed to purchase public housing units sold by the government, hoping to leave the opportunity to purchase public housing to ordinary civilians. There is also a policy of "second house purchase restrictions". If a senior official already has a house, he cannot buy a second house in the capital. If there is an extreme weather, he will also reduce the rent of public housing as appropriate.

Zhao Bing was very moved. He always felt that the rulers of the Song Dynasty's planning stage might also be their own fellow travelers. Otherwise, there would be such advanced ideas? Because sometimes the government would do excessive behaviors and require private rents to be reduced and exempted from rent. This place violated the laws of the market economy. After all, it was an era of very developed commodity economy. People were not unfamiliar with the market pricing mechanism, and some people were particularly dissatisfied with the at that time.

The reason for the opponent is that today we have become common sense of "wealth and poverty" principle. If we blindly attack the interests of the rich, we will not be able to obtain income from the rich to subsidize the poor. In the end, the interests of the poor will not be guaranteed. The government requires private owners to reduce rent or even live in for free. Who is willing to rent the house to others? Even if the house is rented out, the owners are unwilling to pay for repairs. In the end, the poor still have no house to live in.

In order to solve the housing problems of a large number of officials and poor people, the Song Dynasty also had low-rent housing, and the government often reduced the rent of those who rented official houses, and even did not charge a penny for a year, which was even cheaper than low-rent housing. It was precisely because of this that Zhou Xiang was worried that the emperor would only solve the housing problems for bureaucrats and ministers who were "Chilong", and the poor people ignored the housing needs and of course they would be scolded. In addition, this would also cause the country to lose some taxes and make some people rely on renting houses for their business.

In this way, it is thankless. Therefore, we must not only care about the interests of the bureaucrats, but also think about the grassroots people so that we can get support from all grassroots and maintain our reputation of benevolence, righteousness and loving the people. Zhao Bing further explored it and realized that Zhou Xiang was really not an exaggeration and scared himself. Because there is a group living in Lin'an, a city village that relies on houses to make a living, and the government has also gained great benefits from it.

The government relies on collecting taxes to maintain the operation of the state machinery. When the Song court was crowded with people and small land, it naturally attached great importance to commercial taxes, and the deed tax in real estate transactions was listed as the main tax. Taizu Zhao Kuangyin "responded the Mindian to sell land and houses and print the deeds, and the lease was limited to two months." In other words, the house purchase and sale must go to the government department to handle the contract and pay the deed tax within two months after the transaction.

The early house transaction tax was only 2% and rose to 4% during the Qingli year. After the transition to the south, the deed tax of real estate had reached 10%. Among the one-two million yuan commercial tax in Lin'an, the deed tax of real estate also accounted for a large proportion. In addition, the government also specially set up the "Loan Store Service" to manage the rental and sales business of houses and collect taxes from it.

In order to achieve the greatest benefit, tax evasion has become the most effective and simple method. It is to buy a house without the government seal, sign a contract with the seller privately, but not pay the deed tax. There are many such people. If everyone does not pay the deed tax, the government will naturally suffer a loss, but the government cannot manage it even if it wants to. You must know that after all, China has a large territory and a large number of people. In ancient times, the proportion of officials and civil servants was not as high as it is now, and there were very few civil servants. In addition, there were no modern technology to help, it was a fantasy to want to monitor every real estate transaction.

However, Zhao Bing had to admire the wisdom of ancient officials. They could invent a strange way - governing the people with the people. First, let the people monitor each other, which one evades the deed tax, and the neighbors report together, whoever reports first receives the reward, and whoever does not want to report it will play a role. Second, let real estate agents play a role, that is, whether they buy or sell, they must go through the intermediary, just like the current outsourcing.

This is truly a golden age for real estate agents. The state will pass laws to ensure that the intermediaries have money to make, and they can't get around it. The government will compulsoryly assign a free zoning for each real estate agent, allowing them to record all real estate transactions in the management section, and then report to the county-level government once a month or half a month, and then government officials will arrest people based on these records.

Of course, the agency is not a businessman after all. After all, the government has to let others monitor you, so it has to give them some benefits, right? This benefit is that the government has formulated a series of laws to force home buyers and sellers to find real estate agents as agents, which is equivalent to legally ensuring that real estate agents will always make money. In this way, the government's fiscal revenue is guaranteed and the agency's business source is guaranteed. Everyone gets the needs and everyone is happy. Of course, the ones who suffer losses are home buyers and sellers. When they buy and sell houses, they must give more money to the government and another more money to the real estate agent.

However, there are still people who will try to evade the supervision of the government and the supervision of intermediaries. The buyer and seller will transfer the house by reaching an agreement in private. This is similar to today's small property rights houses. It is called a "white contract", which is a "red contract" that has not been certified by the government for money. Therefore, although the white contract can save deed tax, its biggest trouble is that once a dispute arises between the buyer and the seller, it will be difficult to get the support of the government, and even after it is discovered, the house will be denied another official...

After some thought, Zhao Bing was a little hesitant about his desire to raise funds for urban transformation by selling land. This is likely to break the already mature housing rental market rules, which means forcibly changing the market rules is not in line with the laws of market development. However, these bureaucrats are the basis of their own rule after all. They have not benefited from the restoration of the country, so how can they be loyal to you and serve you sincerely?

Therefore, Zhao Bing still considered doing it, but he could find another way. As Zhou Xiang said, some affordable housing could be built, and low-rent or subsidy were used for living in Beijing officials. In addition, another batch of houses were built to reward honorary officials, and some were put into the market to solve the problem of funds. In this way, many empty houses would be evacuated in the rental market in Beijing. Adequate housing supply would naturally lead to a decrease in rent. Appropriate reduction of deed taxes could reduce the burden on low-income people.

After understanding the truth, Zhao Bing felt that the craftsmen and the army who went to work in the city were the main force of renting houses except officials. So he discussed with Zhou Xiang that a batch of houses could be built at the same time during the relocation of the official workshop to be used to resettle craftsmen, thus forming a gathering area similar to an industrial town, including setting up a medical hospital, a school and a grass market to facilitate their work and population diversion.

As for the resettlement of soldiers, the imperial court provided free camps. In the past, due to the implementation of the military system of life-long service, residential areas must be built for military families, which would also occupy a large amount of land. Now, the military system is implemented, which is retired for seven years. The families of ordinary soldiers and low-level officers are not allowed to live with the army, and only the families of officers above the commander can follow the army. Therefore, a batch of residences can be built near the military camp to resettle military families, and it can also reduce the population pressure in the city center.

As for the biggest resistance faced by urban transformation - street invasion, Zhao Bing and Zhou Xiang both believe that as long as reasonable compensation and positive publicity are given, disputes can be reduced to a certain extent; on the other hand, those stubborn people can only use force and demolish them by force, and neither officials nor the people can leniently do so. This will not only not affect their credibility, but will also gain the understanding and respect of the people.

After talking for a long time, but it was still not enough to have no money. Zhao Bing asked Zhou Xiang to work first, and transferred the newly formed three baggage divisions to the Ministry of Works to call them. Using the relocation compensation funds to plan and design, land consolidation and materials preparation. In addition, the two of them made a rough calculation. As long as they took a few pieces of vacant land, they could recover the cost and sold part of the construction and sale. There was also a rent that could be recorded for a long time. It was a sure profit and no loss. However, neither of them could stand up for this matter, and they had to find a safe person to act at the front desk.

There must be a gap in funds at the moment. Acquisition of land requires money, and we cannot sell property and collect part of the development funds first. But this is not difficult for Zhao Bing. He has already figured out the source of the money. June is about to begin. The caravans going to sea will return one after another. As long as they successfully find the place of production of incense and medicine and control it, the money will come to their warehouse like flowing water...

Everything is difficult at the beginning. The exchange and issuance of new coins have begun. The workshop along the river outside the city has begun. The recruitment and retirement work of the army has also begun one by one. Zhao Bing is not as busy as before. However, the weather is getting hotter and the continuous rainwater is making the hot flashes even more unbearable. Zhao Bing is also in Lengquantang for longer and longer. It has been raining for several days and days, and rain falls every evening. Due to the increase in rainfall, the river water has surged, and several rivers in Beijing have also opened the gates to release water, which has accelerated the renewal of the river, making people feel that the air is much better, at least there is no stench.

The heavy rain came as promised in the evening. Zhao Bing asked someone to open all the windows around. With the invasion of the cold wind, the room became much cooler in an instant. He was only wearing a short gauze and only had a pair of shorts that had just passed the knee. He lay comfortably on the rocking chair and enjoyed the rare coolness of the day. But suddenly Wang De came in and reported that Zheng Huchen was requesting an audience.

Now the Bureau of Affairs will still send the collected information to the imperial court every day, and Zheng Huchen basically disappeared in public places. If it were not for emergency military affairs, or if His Majesty summoned him, it would be rare to show his face in the palace. Today, he suddenly asked for an audience in the rain. Zhao Bing felt that something important must have happened, so he asked him to come and see him.

"Your Majesty, my subordinates have recently cracked a spy case, which may involve important officials in the court. I dare not make decisions without authorization, so I ask Your Majesty to decide!" Zheng Huchen hurried over, took off his raincoat in the outer corridor, wiped the rainwater from his face, and reported after saying goodbye.

"Oh, what's the matter? Come from the channel?" Zhao Bing frowned and asked anxiously.

“陛下,是有关军器监新型武器泄密之事,是行动队在对蒙元的探子追踪途中,其欲渡江之际擒获,从身上搜出来的.属下看后觉得事关重大,特前来禀告.”郑虎臣将一份公文递上,面色凝重地道.

"The Southern Dynasty military weapon supervisor recently tried to produce a new type of city-breaking weapon. According to reliable information, it has the power to break mountains and crack stones, and can easily destroy strong cities. It is specially used to break through river defense!" Zhao Bing opened and looked at it. The title page of the official document was the original text of the captured enemy spies conveying the message, and the latter page was translated content, and he read it softly.
Chapter completed!