The official system of the Song Dynasty was so complex that Zhao Bing had to admire the talent of his ancestors, so that the children of the dynasty learned the knowledge of the official ranks and clarified the complex relationships between the mistakes and the complexities in the relationships. He also found that the directors in modern TV series were all confused and could not understand the relationships at all. Zhang Guan and Dai were all light, and nonsense was the right answer.

In Zhao Bing's understanding, the changes in the official system of the Song Dynasty should be based on the Yuanfeng restructuring of Emperor Shenzong as the dividing line, so as to better understand the relationship between the bureaucratic system, and the same is true for the supervision system. The censors were one of the supervisory organs of the Song Dynasty. They were responsible for picking up evil officials, rectifying discipline, supervising the operation of the government, and paying attention to public opinion in the court and collecting opinions and suggestions from all officials.

But in fact, these are two systems... What are the censors? The censors are collectively known as the Censors and the Censors. The Censors of the Censors, the Censors of the Palace and the Censors of the Censors are commonly known as the Censors, and the Censors of the Censors' System are commonly known as the Censors, the Censors of the Censors, the Censors of the Censors, the Censors, and the Zhengyans of the Censors. Some of the functions of these two systems overlap, so they are collectively known as the "Censors".

The censors of the Song Dynasty were not of high rank, but their status was very important. They were the emperor's "senior ministers" and the imperial court's "clear hope" was not something that anyone could do casually. They could not find those who had experienced the years or those who had no imperial examinations. Only "there are literary scholars who have passed the imperial examinations and their professions" could be selected. They were both good at literature and literature, and they were good at the imperial examinations. They were not upright and upright.

However, before the Yuanfeng reorganization, most of the officials of the censorate were officials who were granted their responsibilities, not real positions. The officials of the quota were an indicator of salary and benefits, which was equivalent to the rank of officials, and were similar to the current enjoyment of certain levels of treatment. It was not until the Yuanfeng reorganization that these two officials began to effectively perform the duties of the censor. Most of the officials went out to serve outside to eliminate the power of the vassal states.

The central supervisory body of the Song Dynasty was the Censorate, and the highest chief of the Censor was the Censor Central Chief, with one person assigned to him. According to the Song system, the Censor Central Chief ranked fourth among all officials, and was very powerful and could participate in politics and discuss politics. The Taiyuan, the Palace Court and the Censor Central Chief were the basic components of the Censor Central Chief, and the Censor Central Chief Secretary undertook the Second State Administration of the Censor Central Chief Secretary, and the Censor Central Chief Secretary undertook the Censor Central Chief Secretary’s affairs.

The palace courtyard was equipped with two censors at the Hall. At first, they were both officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials. There were not many people who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials who were the officials after the Yuanfeng reorganization.

The Censorate's duty is to "pick up the evil officials and rectify the discipline." It is not only the inspectors' corruption and bribery, but also from prime ministers to ordinary officials, as long as they violate the rules and regulations of the court, they can be impeached. In order to strengthen supervision, the Song Dynasty also followed the Tang Dynasty's "revelation system". Even if there is no clear evidence, the Censors and Censors can impeach officials as long as they hearsay or clues are heard.

However, the central supervision system has a fatal flaw, that is, the censor's power is too great. In terms of the "report system", many people with bad intentions use this supervision power to suppress or even frame ministers who are not against them. In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, the situation where the censor uses the supervision power to often suppress political enemies was common. Losing the original intention of supervision became a tool for people with bad intentions to suppress political enemies.

Compared with the slackness of the Song Dynasty's censorship in the supervision of central officials and becoming a tool for party struggles, the emperors of the Song Dynasty were indeed very strict with the local area. Their supervision system was unique in all dynasties. While paying attention to strict supervision, they also tried to achieve mutual supervision and restraint to avoid the situation of conspiracy.

After the unification of the Song Dynasty, local governments implemented a three-level system of roads, prefectures and counties, and supervised local governments through roads and judging. Not only did they set up supervision agencies, but they also set up full-time supervisors. In order to ensure that local supervisors can perform their duties more conscientiously and prevent collusion with local forces to endanger the court, the Song Dynasty also specifically stipulated a system of supervision and punishment for inspection and failure to supervise.

After the founding of the country, in order to stabilize the situation, Song Taizu arranged some old officials who were originally separatist regimes to serve as prefects, but they were worried. At the same time, they added a position of Tongzong in each prefect and led the prefects with the prefects. They seemed to be deputy chiefs, but in essence they were more of an inspector, because an important responsibility of the Tongzong was to supervise the prefects and other officials in order to avoid corruption among the prefects and other officials.

During this period, the Tongzong had greater power, and was responsible for supervising the magistrates. Therefore, they often fought for power and profit with the magistrates, and even often said, "I am the magistrate, and the court asked me to supervise you." Some Tongzong even thought they were superior to the governor and often acted beyond their authority. It is obvious that if the Tongzong family dominated the country, they would not have the original intention of supervising officials such as the magistrates.

So in the seventh year of Kaibao, it was clearly stipulated that the Tongzong was the deputy chief of the state, and his power was reduced to achieve the meaning of balance and restraining with the magistrate. Of course, some people may be confused here. Even if the power of the magistrate was reduced, he could reach a balance with the magistrate, but what if the two sides were in a gang and colluded with each other? At this time, the advantages of the higher-level supervision system came out, that is, there were also road officials above the prefectures and counties, namely: the strategic pacifier, the transfer envoy, the punishment prison, and the promotion of Changping.

These four major supervisors can be said to be each performing their duties, both at the same level, and are in charge of military, civil affairs, finance, judicial powers, etc. They are not subordinate to each other, but they are responsible to the emperor. They do not usually supervise each other, but they also have the power to supervise the magistrates and magistrates below. They will conduct comprehensive investigations on morality, ability, integrity, etc. on the magistrates and magistrates at any time, and then report them to the court.

The court used these investigations to determine the promotion and demotion of the prefect and the magistrate. Moreover, officials in the Song Dynasty were transferred very frequently, and usually replaced people within thirty months. In such a short period of time, it was basically difficult for officials to form their own network of relationships, and even if they were formed, they were transferred shortly afterwards, which was useless.

In addition, the Song Dynasty always had suspicion of those who held military power, so in Hebei, Hedong, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Shaanxi, there were successively set up supervising officials with great power to bear official affairs. Zhuma had to report to the court every year and bear instructions. He had great power and wide supervision. In fact, the emperor personally sent the local officials to inspect the local government, and their power was equal to the supervisor.

It can be seen that the local supervision system of the Song Dynasty was still perfect, both local and central, and it was deliberately considered. It was one link, one by one, and it was comprehensive, and it did not cause a single dominance, so that both sides could monitor and restrain each other normally, which naturally avoided the large-scale anti-corruption situation of officials...

During this period, Zhao Bing, Wang Yinglin and Xie Fangde had several long talks, and was able to sort out the evolution of the official system of the Song Dynasty in detail and discuss the gains and losses. It should be said that they benefited a lot.

As the saying goes, by learning from history, through the development of the official system of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Bing obtained this 200-year political legacy, its institutional design certainly ensured the centralization of the monarch and eradicated the division and division, but it was always "prevented by things and ruled by things" at all times; in military terms, each of them governed independently, lacking coordination, and difficulty in coordination, which seriously weakened the combat effectiveness of the army; in administration, many political careers, excessive officials, and inefficiency are common. Therefore, when the strong enemy is approaching, there is a lack of vitality and short-term response, it is inevitable.

From the perspective of the supervision system, it is very good to avoid the local governments as the dominant power and make them supervise each other. However, the power of the central censor is too great, and the supervision power has gradually become a tool to suppress and frame ministers, losing their original intentions. This shows that no matter how good the system is, it needs to be continuously improved. After all, the system is dead and people live. If you encounter someone with an unrighteous mind and use the loopholes in the system to frame others, it will be more than worth the loss.

Understanding the two Song Dynasty system was also Zhao Bing's entry point for the next step of reform, which was beneficial to him to ensure and maintain national unity, the smooth flow of government orders and the rectification of the administration. Combined with the experience of the two lives, he also told him that the formulation of the system will naturally become alienated with interest relations during the implementation process, and the purpose and effect of the system design will often be reversed. Therefore, it is important to formulate laws and systems, but how to implement them is even more important. The system must be constantly revised as the situation changes.

At the same time, it also made Zhao Bing understand that in addition to the system being fundamentally a problem of people, not only in history, but also in real life, there are too many lessons in this regard. Nowadays, there are not many legislation, but the effectiveness and implementation status are a big problem. Don’t think that everything will be fine if legislation is complete. The actual implementation situation is far different from person, time, and place.

Because the system is dead and people live. In the minds of some people, the system is hung on the wall for people to see, and there are unspoken rules for doing things. However, after a person's values ​​change, their attitude towards the system is not how to follow the design of the system, but how to exploit loopholes in the system, that is, there are policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom.
Chapter completed!