This year, a debate competition with epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese philosophy was staged: The meeting of Ehu! The main debaters of the debate were the great master of Neo-Confucianism and the hypocrite Zhu Xi, who fought against Lu Jiuyuan, the founder of the Heart Study!

Zhu Xi was born on September 15, 2010. His resume shows that he was smart since childhood and was almost born to know it. He almost understood basic reading materials such as the Book of Filial Piety, and he had insights when he understood it. Zhu Xi passed the imperial examination at the age of 19, and soon returned to the lake and sea, read poetry and books again, and began his great cause of exploring the world and thinking about human relations...

At this moment, Zhu Xi began to inherit the two Cheng Daotong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers. As a rural scholar in Henan, the two Chengs fought against the top ministers of the country and pointed at the major national policies, relying on knowledge! That is, "Neo-Confucianism"

The second Cheng Chengyi was even more amazing. The key was that he lived for a long time. Among his many disciples, one of them was named Yang Shi, who was known as Mr. Guishan. Yang Shi returned south, and Xiao Cheng happily said, "I am in the south" and the saying "I am in the south" came true!

Yang Shi was circulated by Luo Congyan, known as Mr. Yuzhang in the world. Luo Congyan was circulated by Li Tong, known as Mr. Yanping in the world. Li Tong was circulated by Zhu Xi, but Zhu Xi was rated as a saint instead of being a sage! This "Zhu Zi" who was named third in the history of medieval sages, and was only ranked in Confucius and Meng. Finally, the "Neo-Confucianism" of the two Chengs finally glorified the universe and dominated the world!

Of course, the reason why Zhu Xi was able to surpass everyone since the pre-Qin period was ranked third after Confucius and Mencius, because it was not only inheritance, but also promotion!

Saint Zhu believes that "reason" is everything, born in heaven and earth, and is the first existence of all things, and is an eternal standard that transcends reality and society, etc., which is "reason of heaven".

As a modern person, when we look at this passage, we feel that the mountains and mountains are so mysterious, and we don’t know why. But from another perspective, you will know how great it is! With such a cow of "reason", a cow of invincible, what other objects can surpass it? From a conceptual analysis, it will definitely be gone! As the person who discovered it and promoted it, what status should Zhu Xi have?

It is polite to let Confucius and Mencius be listed first! You have to respect the first and then come. The saint Zhu Ying was Pangu who created the world and rebuilt the universe!

"The law of heaven" is so magical, but it can still be actually touched in Zhu Xi's theory. The method is to "study things to lead to knowledge"

We must achieve the extreme "poverty" pattern, and the laws of heaven will appear. Only when the laws of heaven appear can there be truth, goodness and beauty in the world. On the contrary, what destroys this truth, goodness and beauty is the "human desires", so we must preserve the laws of heaven, destroy human desires, and build a harmonious and perfect environment in the world!

Such a majestic theory and such noble pursuit are of course extremely precious. Therefore, the spread of Neo-Confucianism, or praise, became sacred and picky! At that time, a famous scholar named Chen Liang once drew a picture of Taoists, which was very vivid and vivid. The record is as follows: "Because my eyes open, I thought I had obtained the unique skills that I didn't pass on. I talked in groups of three or three, and there were reports of the same news. The painting world stood in the world, just like a building an altar. The whole life was completely out of the door." This means their self-respect. It is so heavy that they reject all those who look down on them, not those of the party. And for these people who do not understand Taoism and do not understand the truth, they will be very cruel!

"Assing yourself as a Taoist rule, and being strict with your teacher, don't be careless, don't give up any credit?" In other words, no matter whether you are willing or not, this person will start to evaluate your thoughts, analyze your behaviors, and find the root cause of your soul from the depths of your soul. Then punish you without any forgiveness and forgiveness at all!

What does this look like? It looks very similar to the European medieval Holy See. Except for the lack of power to tie prisoners to the stake in the square and burn them to death, they did everything! So later generations said: Ethics kill people! Taoism kills people! This was only the early days of the Zhu Xi era. It was not until later that Neo-Confucianists would show their fierce and cruel faces!

But since we must seriously and fairly say that Zhu Xi and the academic he founded must be combined with the era he lived in. Since the Southern Song Dynasty moved south, there has been a reflection on why it failed? Why did the Northern Song Dynasty lose to the barbaric and just-civilized Jurchens? This should never be! So they analyzed and looked for the roots...

Of course, there will be countless answers. But in the eyes of Neo-Confucians, it is caused by ideological diseases! It is the human heart that becomes greedy and pursues wealth. For example, reformists such as Wang Anshi make people confused and cause disasters to be caused by heaven... It is also like a person's heart that is cruel, always thinking about fighting, fighting against Liao, Xixia, and Tubo, causing great damage to the empire's vitality and finally losing to the rapidly rising Jurchens... So: War is also wrong, and there is also a crime!

All of the above are all "human desires", so we must destroy and eradicate them! Only then will we have the laws of nature preserved, return to prosperity and revitalize China!

Therefore, some people in later generations said: Even if Neo-Confucianism has all kinds of inappropriate and inhumane aspects, it also has its positive and even practical side that cannot be completely denied!

In fact, Zhu Xi could not unify the academic world at that time, and even within Neo-Confucianism, there were different voices! The most famous one among them was Lu Jiuyuan! Lu Jiuyuan believed that "reason" was not supreme, and the same thing as "heart" was also the same.

"The mind is the principle." Lu Jiuyuan said happily, "The universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe." The principle of the universe and all things is the principle in everyone's heart! The so-called "all things are lurking in a small space, and the heart is full of the universe, which is nothing more than this principle."

Once this theory was proposed, it made Zhu Xi's lineage very popular! Just imagine that Zhu Saint had to spend his whole life trying to study things and gain knowledge through life, so that he could know what "reason" is, and to cover all things through "reason" and be above everything else. But Lu Jiuyuan was so good! He was directly "harmony between man and nature"! He was the universe, and the universe was him. How could Zhu Saint play this?

In a fit of anger, everyone started fighting each other! The two of them exchanged a lot of saliva from a distance. Finally, someone couldn't stand it, so they simply provided them with a special stage to let them go on stage to debate!

The organizer is named Lu Zuqian, and the location is in Ehu Temple in Xinzhou, so later generations call it "Ehu Club"

At this debate, the two factions boasted and belittled each other. From academic debate to personal attacks, they can be called a full martial arts! Zhu Xi satirized Lu Jiuyuan's academic philosophy as being too simple. Lu Jiuyuan counterattacked that Zhu's learning was broken and fragmented and could not be justified. He also recited a poem "Yi Jian's skills will be long, but his career will rise and fall." Zhu Shengren was furious and wanted to refute it again, but found that his poetry and prose were not good enough. Such a conference will definitely be passed down forever. Once it is not well written, it is better to hide its shortcomings, so he parted in dissatisfaction...

Time verifies everything! Zhu Xi was one of his chess moves in the Southern Song Dynasty. He established his position as a saint more than ten years after his death. The "Neo-Confucianism" he advocated also became an official school. The "Four Books" he annotated ranked before the "Five Classics" and became the only classic in scientific research in later dynasties! Even Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty who reconstructed the Han dynasty in the future, wanted to worship him as his ancestor!

In contrast, Lu Jiuyuan is not so glorious! The official has never recognized him much. Fundamentally, his academic career is not so popular! The leaders can see at a glance that Zhu Xi's theory is to control people's hearts with innate principles, and to control the people honestly, which is very convenient for management. Lu Jiuyuan's mind study pays too much attention to personal spiritual strength. If he is not careful, there will be ideological rebellion and turbulent elements!

But the advanced nature of Xinxue cannot be denied, nor can it be covered up! More than 70 years later, a person appeared, and finally let this academic shine in the world and create an omnipotent miracle! That person was named Wang Shouren, and later he was called Wang Yangming!

On January 0, 1176, Jin Shizong and the prince and the prime minister discussed the rise and fall of ancient and modern times. "The rise of the classics has been long and taught to the future generations, and all the good things are perfect. Now scholars today can recite it, they must do it. However, many people know but cannot do it. The old style of Jurchens is the most pure and straightforward. Although they do not know how to write, they worship heaven and earth, respect relatives, respect elders, receive guests, trust friends, and write etiquette and etiquette, all of which are natural. Their goodness is no different from what ancient books contain. You should learn it, and the old style should not be forgotten."

On the 5th of the month, Emperor Xiaozong of Song inspected soldiers from Liangzhe and Fujian. On the 8th, he was given the posthumous title of Zhongwu by Han Shizhong.

On the 14th, Princess Shen of the Great Jin Dynasty and the daughter of Shan Kenning were executed for traitors. Kenning was also dismissed from office.

In April, Tang Bangyan returned from his mission to the Jin Dynasty. He was directly frightened by the fully armed guards in the Jin court. He did not dare to say a word, and even raised the request to return the Henan tombs. After returning, Emperor Xiaozong of Song was furious and ordered his post to be removed from Xinzhou on the East Road of Guangnan. "The enemy did not receive the gifts of this dynasty, but Bangyan was given by the enemy. When he was resigned, the truth was easy to understand, and he did not care about his reputation and humiliate his fate." From then on, the Southern Song Dynasty never mentioned the proposal of Henan tombs again.

In May, Dan Ziwen, a bachelor's apprentice of the Great Jin Dynasty, used Jurchen translations to complete the "Records of the Grand Historian", "Ban Shu", "Zhenguan Zhengyao" and "Baishi Celin". Jin Shizong was overjoyed and ordered the promulgation of the world. He also ordered more than 30 students from all walks of life to teach ancient books, practice poetry and strategies.

On August 8, on the order of the Supreme Emperor, Zhao Sheng appointed Empress Dowager Wu's maid, and the imperial concubine Xie as her third queen. The prime minister advised him, "The official is frugal and virtuous, and he sees the effectiveness of Your Majesty in managing the family." Zhao Sheng said, "The family rules of this dynasty are far away from the Han and Tang Dynasties, and they are not able to use troops alone." Gong Maoliang said, "The country has established the foundation from Emperor Taizu, and transformed the world with cultural virtues, inherited the saints, and was deeply benevolent and kind, and had the heart to consolidate the world. The governance system is like Cheng Zhou. Although it seems to be weak, the country is

The long and long life is also due to this. During the rebellion of the Han and Tang dynasties, some of the mother-in-law, some of the powerful ministers, some of the princes' powerful, and the domineering domineering, and all of the dynasties were gone. It can be seen that the family rules of the ancestors are enough to maintain the whole world." Zhao Ling said, "Yes! Generally speaking, the governance of the system should not be biased, just like the four seasons, spring is born and autumn is killed, and it can be successful in the year. If one is to kill, then things will suffer. Those who govern the world will use both civil and military affairs, which will be a long-term technique and cannot be dedicated to one."

In January, the historian Yuan Shu completed the "Tongjian Chronicle Book". This book classified the contents of "Tongjian" and sorted them into 05 historical events. This book created the third genre of ancient Chinese history books, which is as chronological as the chronological book, the third genre of the ancient Chinese history books. Song Xiaozong ordered the "Tongjian Chronicle Book" and "Lu Zhi Memorial" to be given to the East Palace, and the Crown Prince Zhao Dun was familiar with the "Governance Way is Completed Here"

On January 5, 1177, the Jin State Department reported that the jade belt introduced by the Goryeo Kingdom was actually stone, but it looked like jade. Jin Shizong issued an edict saying, "A small country cannot identify it, mistakenly think it is jade. People do not change things, but only virtues are virtues. If you ignore it, how can you be polite to be a body?"

On the 7th, Jin Shizong wanted to scatter the remaining parties of the first Khitan uprising that year with Yilawowo. Prime Minister Heshi Lieliangbi advised that "this generation has been pardoned, and he may have resentment." Wanyan Yong said, "I am worried about future generations." On the 1st, Jin Shizong pardoned all the innocent slaughtered ministers and their families who were killed during the period of King Hailing Wanyan Liang and their families who were destroyed. He also issued an edict: The king of Liao, Yelu Yanxi, the king of Yu, and the king of Song, and the murdered descendants of Tianshui County Zhao Ji were buried in Guangning and in the old cemetery of Henan. Later, he issued an edict: "The prince of Tianshui County belonged to the capital and was buried outside the capital. The bones were buried in the original place. The relatives of King Yu had not entered the original tomb, and they were moved to the original place."

On the 6th, the Southern Song Dynasty promulgated a new calendar: Chunxi calendar.
Chapter completed!