Wang Gongchen shook his head repeatedly: "Taibo's other words make sense, but the price of silk in Curry this year has dropped. I think it's not just related to Shang.? After thinking about it, there are always other meanings in it."

Xu Ping said: "The other meaning is nothing more than the fact that silk in the past could be used as copper coins. This year, cotton cloth was launched in large quantities, and the use of silk as money was greatly discounted. This is another question. Why do you need money when trading? Is it better to use money? Or is it better to use barter without money? "

"How can I do it without money? I planted cotton in my field business, and there are all kinds of things to change, including food, clothing, housing and transportation. If I don't use money, I will only change items, so where can I find so many to change? This is obvious, it is best to use money for business. It's just that the world has limited copper production and is not enough to use copper coins, so I have to use something else."

After Wang Gongchen finished speaking, Li Wei added: "It's not just that the copper coins are not enough, but also because the copper coins are too heavy, which is not conducive to carrying."

Xu Ping smiled and said, "In this way, you can learn from others' strengths, be inclusive and explain things clearly. What Li Xu said just now makes sense. Copper coins are too heavy and are not convenient to carry, so you should use light goods such as gold, silver, cloth, etc. But is it better to use only gold and silver without copper coins? Let's not talk about whether gold and silver are enough, just think that it is enough for the whole world to produce."

Wang Gongchen thought about it and said that if all gold and silver were used, there would be no such thing as Henan Prefecture's flying tickets that could not be redeemed this year, and he sold cotton but could not receive the money. Just as he was about to nod his head to agree, Li Wei spoke first.

"According to the opinions of the officials, it is not a good thing to only use gold and silver. The price of gold and silver is high, and long-distance traffic is good, but the daily transactions of people are often just a few copper coins. How to use gold and silver? It is still very inconvenient."

"Yes, this is reasonable. If we look at the field business, it is a bulk transaction with the outside world, and it is naturally very convenient to use gold and silver. However, for ordinary people, daily firewood, rice, oil, salt, needles, threads, and gold and silver are not convenient to use gold and silver. Therefore, copper coins have the use of copper coins, and gold and silver have the use of gold and silver. First, stand aside. When buying and selling goods, you must trade money so that business can flourish. Then use money, what money? Gold and silver have the disadvantages of gold and silver, and copper coins have the disadvantages of copper coins. Is there any way to avoid both of these shortcomings and facilitate market transactions?"

Wang Gongchen thought for a while and suddenly said, "Du Cao said, is it the shopping coupons of Sansi Shop? It was printed on paper, and it was much more convenient to carry lighter goods such as gold, silver and cloth. And it is precisely because it was printed on paper, there is no need to worry about not enough."

Xu Ping smiled and nodded: "The money printed with paper does have these benefits, but there are two difficulties. The first is that the government can print it. Can others print it? How to prevent thieves from privately printing it. Not to mention that it is printed by paper, it is copper coins. In those remote and remote state troops, people have stolen it. However, the quality of privately cast copper coins is not enough, so it is easier to distinguish. There is another way, how to make the world believe that a piece of paper with numbers can be used as so much money, which is even more difficult."

"There is always a way. Don't Ducao try to make paper with colored cotton? As long as the colored cotton for this kind of papermaking in the future is only specially made by the field office to print money paper. As for winning the trust of the people, the government will win the trust of the people!"

"Jun's words make sense. The key is that as long as the government collects the people, they will recognize them. But how can we convince the officials in the court to let the government collect them? Well, let's discuss this point later, or talk about the business. I will mention two points, as an introduction, throwing bricks and jade, and you think more. First, in the past, men and women weave, farming, and weave, and weave themselves. On such days, there is no need to trade with others. The court collects taxes, if they do not collect money, they only collect silk and corvee labor, and the farmer can complete it, and they do not need to buy it from others. In this case, in this case, the court collects taxes. If they do not collect money, they only collect silk and corvee labor.

, Merchants are actually dispensable, and the goods he traffics are not necessary for farmers, so merchants are naturally not necessary for the court. However, today, a man farms and gets surplus for the whole family to eat. A woman weaves enough to wear surplus for the whole family. If the excess grain and silk were taxed in ancient times, it would naturally not be used for merchants. But now it is different. Taxes are fixed, but grain and silk will increase. If these grains and silk are not sold, they will be useless. What we just said just now, and the goods are useless if they cannot reach the hands of people who use them."

Li Wei whispered: "Ducao, today's world, farmers are not allowed to rest for a year, and the whole family may not be able to have enough food."

Xu Ping waved his hand: "That's another problem. There is not enough land for farmers, and there are too many people who can't farm. If the plougher has the right land, it's what I just said. Let's first calculate the plougher has the right land, and if everything is entangled together, it won't be clear."

Now it is about the issue of wealth production, not distribution. Li Wei carefully studied science. The great king's era mentioned by the sages was particularly attractive to Confucian scholars. In this era, many academics fully utilized their imagination on the land average. In history, Li Wei had "Pingtu Shu" and advocated equalization of fields. Later, Zhang Zai advocated restoration of the well-field system and conducted experiments in his hometown. All their roots were around the land that seemed feasible, but in fact, if this economic foundation was implemented, it would only allow society to retreat to the old path. The fundamental reason for the land of the plougher is the natural economy, not what Xu Ping pursued. As long as the people are rich, what does it matter whether the plougher has land or not? What is the most feared is that the plougher does not need to have land, and they cannot do anything to worry about food and clothing. Most people became slaves to a few people. That is the responsibility of the ruler, which is another matter.

"In fact, farmers who do not take farming will understand more clearly by using the farming business. The grain and silk produced in the farming business will not be used up by their own people, right? If the endless grain and silk are present in the warehouse and decay in the end, it will be equivalent to not. If all these grains and silks are included in the national treasury, they will actually be the same problem. Decay or decay, but if they change places, the most important thing is that these grains and silks must be exchanged for the hands of the people who use them. This is the use of merchants. The goods produced will reach the needs through the merchants' links. In this sense, merchants are not useless, they can create wealth."

The reason why commodity economy is centered on commercial behavior is that commodities are valuable only when exchanged, and items with only use value are not considered commodities. By clarifying this, it clarifies the necessity of commercial behavior. Xu Ping only raised a general direction of thinking, and the specific improvement depends on Li Xu and Wang Gongchen.

"The second point, for example, if I spend my money, the goods I produce will never be sold again. They will always be sold for even two or three jin. What is the use of this extra profit? If my goods can always be sold, they can always be exchanged for money. Of course, the profit will be invested in the capital and produce more goods. Only trading and only commerce can accomplish this. In this way, the goods in the world will become more and more, and the wealth will be increased. It is not that the wealth in the world is fixed. If you can increase your wealth every day, why worry about not curing the world?"

After hearing what Xu Ping said, Wang Gongchen glanced at Li Wei and nodded heavily: "I agree with this most! Since I mentioned the land management business, I only have a small amount of capital. Facing a wasteland, I have grown up year by year. To this day, the money and food for the land management business are, to be honest, no less than any other way! This is an example."

This is the core of the commodity economy, which generates profits through commodity exchange and then expands production. As long as the market is there, this cycle can always exist positively, and social wealth will snowball more and more. In the commodity economy, commercial behavior is no longer optional, nor can it be suppressed, but the core of all economic behaviors. Mercantilism is only meaningful in the commodity economy, and commodity economy will inevitably produce Mercantilism.
Chapter completed!