Xu Ping found it a little funny. He used the theory of contradiction to teach scholars of this era, and he gave a serious speech, and they listened very seriously. This is Xu Ping's consistent thought, and "Strategy for Rich the Country and Safeguarding the People" has been reflected. These scholars are no strangers to the Confucian system. It also has a sense of freshness when expressing the Confucian system in such a concise way.

The principles of the world are not that complicated, but people must find a reason to convince themselves, and it becomes complicated. They look for reasons from heaven and attribute everything to destiny. In the end, God ignores the world. People who are disappointed have to turn to themselves and find a reason from human nature. The laws of nature are unpredictable, and human nature always has traces to follow, which makes the entire system more complex. Not every thing in the world needs to give you an explanation of the truth. If it happens there, it is the truth. Just understand and clarify the rules.

Seeing that everyone was silent, Xu Ping said again: "After talking about benevolence and righteousness, we will understand what a gentleman is. Benevolence is two people, and righteousness is three people, then a gentleman is one person. What is a gentleman? From benevolence and righteousness, we will be a gentleman. Without benevolence and righteousness, we will have no gentleman. With benevolence and righteousness, we will be the best. Therefore, it is said that a gentleman is the best. The best gentleman is like the North Chen, and it cannot be obtained when seeking, but it can guide the direction of progress. Therefore, we walk towards the path of benevolence and righteousness, which is the way of a gentleman. If we seek it, we only have the actions of a gentleman in the world, so a gentleman can only talk about his actions, and he will not be concerned about his heart."

Zhang Zai opened his eyes, his face full of confusion, and he couldn't help it. He stood up and bowed, "Protector, I don't understand anything. According to what Protector said, isn't there no gentleman in the world? But what can sages of all generations understand?"

Xu Ping said: "If you have to cover the coffin, you will determine the truth. There are only the predecessors in the world, but there is no gentleman in the world. The living people only have to match the behavior of a gentleman, but there is no saying whether he is a gentleman. Only because of his life, later generations refer to him as a gentleman according to what he says and does. The ancients said that he only discussed the behavior of a gentleman in the Analects of Confucius. This is the reason. Because the so-called gentleman is just to see whether his actions are in line with benevolence and righteousness. Before a person dies, he will do benevolence and the path of righteousness will not stop. Therefore, it is said that he is very good at a gentleman as the North Chen."

After hearing this, most of the people were confused and scared. The dispute between gentlemen and villains was causing trouble in the court, and the severity of party struggles in history greatly increased the severity of party struggles. However, Xu Ping directly erased the characterization of gentlemen and villains. There is no difference between gentlemen and villains, only the behavior of gentlemen is in line with the behavior of gentlemen, and things are completely different.

This is not because Xu Ping deliberately used this method to eliminate the existing party struggles, but because it is like this. The idea of ​​removing human nature from the cultural system determines acquired behavior will naturally be gone.

From a philosophical perspective, when you make a clear definition, you provide the opposite of denying this definition. Therefore, the correct definition must be unclear. Confucius talks about benevolence, but only expresses what kind of behavior is benevolence, but not the definition of benevolence. Defining that animals walking upright are humans, they also provide counterexamples such as orangutans and bears. Defining that people who can use labor tools are humans, they also provide counterexamples such as orangutans and crows. Whether from these aspects or from a sociological perspective, as long as the concept of humans is defined, they also provide counterexamples. Even if a definition of an omnipotent God also provides the paradox of God. This is not agnosticism, but that people are only part of the world. Human cognition is one's own subjective understanding of the objective world. Defining concepts is the limitation of subjective consciousness on the objective world, and it is bound to be incomplete.

Not only social concepts are like this, but the same is true in nature. When Newtonian mechanics developed greatly, people cheered that the secrets of nature were about to be revealed. From then on, humans mastered the truth of nature, and then the theory of relativity appeared. When people were happy to think that relativity described the objective universe, quantum mechanics appeared. Whenever humans thought that the universe was put into their own theoretical system, everything was under control, new theories would be born. Nothing else, when the concept was defined clearly, part of the universe was excluded from concepts and at the same time, counterexamples were created.

The objective world can be understood and the laws can be explored, which does not mean that there is a truth in the world. If you grasped it in the past, the universe will be all in it. China believes in destiny, foreigners believe in God, or other only gods, and they will be reflected in natural science and express it to pursue an ultimate truth. Science talks about accuracy, but if there is no God, then science will inevitably not be able to use formulas and truths to fully express the objective world. This is a contradiction between subjective and objective. Denying this contradiction means that people have put themselves into God, and while not believing in God, they must be that God.

As long as we recognize objective first, subjective consciousness second, and materialism, this contradiction exists. As long as we recognize movement as the eternality of the universe, contradiction is struggle and development, and it will never end, then humans will know the objective world without end.

This is not a profound knowledge, it is materialism and dialectical method that Xu Ping began to learn in middle school in his previous life. Xu Ping could not change his basic understanding, so he could only change his appearance and integrate it into the cultural system of this world.

After deciphering this system, and adding the previous "Strategy for Rich and Safeguarding the People", Xu Ping completed his ideological construction in this world. Using this set of ideology and refinement, adjusting the political structure and implementing various policy measures is the reform that Xu Ping will carry out in this era.

Natural science cannot have a set of ever-changing truths to accurately express objective existence, and there is even more undefined system for society. Change is eternity, and stillness is temporary. When you realize this, you will give up the efforts to accurately define the laws of all ages and form a fixed system. The laws of all ages are just guiding ideology, and systems and measures are always changing.

Most of the students in front of them were confused. Obviously, they would not have thought that Xu Ping would draw such a context for them. Originally, in the understanding of most scholars, Xu Ping was a capable minister who was good at doing things and was not good at writing. What scholars had to do was to sort out what Xu Ping did and incorporate the rules into a theoretical system. When Xu Ping did things, they sorted it out. In the end, this was Xu Duhu's achievements, but it was constructed by scholars. However, Xu Ping had already had a system in his mind, just waiting to be refined and improved, and connected with the original cultural tradition. The big framework had been established, and only fine skills were left.

To do things, we must first unify our thinking. This is true for internal governance and external combat.

Benevolence means internal. This meaning has nothing to do with good or bad. Good or evil, but must be in line with the way of loyalty and forgiveness. The state's governance of the people, requiring the people to abide by the law, pay taxes, be active in goodness, and work hard, are not unconditional. Only when the state governs and complies with the interests of the people, can the people fulfill their obligations to the country, otherwise they will disperse. The legal system derived from this will also be divided into two parts. Some are not fulfilling the state's obligations, and punishment is punished, which is punishment. Some are made mistakes and education is reformed, which is law. It does not matter what these concepts originally look like, but in fact they do not have a unified and determined appearance. As long as they find the basis and re-exert it.

The greatest meaning of righteousness is to use righteousness to the outside world, that is, to do not promote unjust soldiers. The relationship between people and people is difficult to clarify, and it is always easier to use righteousness to regulate these three countries. Xu Ping threw out a system at this time, and his biggest purpose was to use external factors.

The Battle of Dangxiang was defined as civil strife by Xu Ping. This is already a fait accompli, and it is defined as civil strife just to deal with the subsequent aftermath. There must be a saying that it is sent to govern the county and county, and officials to manage it. If this is a transformation, then spending huge manpower and material resources to occupy this area will lose its moral position. The officials opposed in the court always have a debate on whether this money is worth spending. You think it is very powerful to expand your territory and invade other people's land, but for

Why do those who have committed taxes, money and food for this matter think so? If you think this is beneficial to the country, then others still think there is no benefit but only the disadvantages. If this problem is not solved, you will eventually face the soldiers who joined the army. They feel that the battle is not worth it, the morale of the army is dispersed, and the combat power is reduced. One day, they can't even recruit soldiers. The foreign charity war is a matter for the country, the people and the foreign parties. There is only one word of righteousness to let the people firmly stand on the national standpoint.

In Xu Ping's previous life, there was a saying in the army that if the first shot was not fired, it was actually necessary to occupy a word Yi. It was just that the word Yi was too difficult to define accurately, and this method was adopted at a certain period of time.

After destroying Dangxiang, we have to face the Khitan next. Should we start a war with the Khitan? For what reason, we need to stand morally. We cannot say that I can fight now, so we will fight you, and that will lose the hearts of the people.

If the army loses the hearts of the people, the loss of combat power cannot be saved by weapons and equipment. If you use interests to lure the people to join the army and use interests to lure the army to fight, and lose righteousness, you will eventually go to the old path of the imperial guards today. Only by relying on weapons and equipment is better than others, the country's strength is stronger than others, and fighting some favorable battles. Once the strength reverses, you will be unable to turn the world back.

A gentleman's behavior is a constraint on officials in the court. If you don't become an official in the court, what do you do? There are laws and moral constraints. A gentleman's requirements are far stricter than laws and morality, and it is normal to be unkind in some aspects. For example, you cannot marry a wife in the jurisdiction or buy property under the rule. Officials should pay attention to their private interactions, and relatives and friends should avoid their positions. Relatively speaking, there are no such strict requirements. If there is a difference between officials, don't think that the status of an official is higher than that of an official. Where is the constraint?
Chapter completed!