Chapter 350 October Revolution

The sudden collapse of the Romanov dynasty that ruled Russia for 304 years naturally shocked the whole world. (,) You should know that Tsarist Russia is different from the Qing Dynasty in China. First, the influence of the Qing Dynasty was not as great as that of Russia, and second, the Qing Dynasty was a minority in China, not to mention that there was a Han nationality that occupied the vast majority. In addition, the Qing Dynasty lost power and humiliated the country for many years, there was nothing worthy of praise for the world. It was believed that the Qing Dynasty would perish twenty years in advance, and it was a miracle that could last until 1911.

However, even if Russia has a great influence, the most important thing at the moment is the European War.

Especially after the Germans quietly dispatched a batch of troops from the Eastern Front to the Western Front and the Italian Front, the world's eyes were even taken back from Russia.

The same is true. Allied countries such as Britain and France began to put pressure on Russia's temporary government, demanding that Russia launch a new attack on the Eastern Front, and have fulfilled the responsibilities of Tsarist Russia.

Under pressure from Britain and France, although there was still chaos everywhere, the Russian Provisional Government appointed Alexander Kerensky as the army minister on May 16, trying to launch an offensive on the Galician front, which was commanded by Russian Chief of Staff Brusilov.

On July 1, 1917, Kerensky and Brusilov commanded one of the few Russian troops with combat effectiveness to attack Lenberg. The 11th and 7th Legions of the Russian army broke through the mixed southern legion commanded by the German Earl F Von Botmer (the defense consisting of 4 German divisions, 3 Austrian divisions and 1 Turkish division, and advanced about 48 kilometers on a 160-kilometer-wide front. At the northern end of the Russian army, the second Austrian army was attacked violently. At the southern end of the Russian army, General Kornilov commanded the 8th Legion of the Russian army shake the defense of the third Legion of the Austrian army and threatened the oil-producing land Drogobech on June 5. However, with the increase in the German resistance and the suspension of the Russian logistics supply, the Russian army's fighting enthusiasm and discipline declined sharply.

On July 19, 1917, General M Hoffman, who was commanding the Eastern Front, quickly obtained reinforcements from the Western Front. After extremely fierce artillery preparations, the German army launched an attack. The German army first attacked the Russian army's northern wing, and then continuously swept the Russian army, which had lost its fighting spirit and was in chaos at a very fast speed. The Russian army was completely disintegrated. In the area south of the Pripet swamp, the Russian army no longer existed. The German army stopped advancing on the Galician border because they lacked sufficient reserve force and logistics supplies and were difficult to occupy a larger area.

On September 1, 1917, General Von Hutier commanded the German Eighth Legion to attack the northern end of the Russian front. He carried out a restraining attack on the west bank of the Dvine River to threaten Riga. At the same time, three German divisions crossed the river through the pontoon bridge and surrounded the fortress. At the same time, the offensive troops developed to advance quickly eastward.

In fact, this extremely successful attack was just a rehearsal of the German new offensive tactics - six weeks later, in Capoleto. Long periods of pre-fire preparations were spared, replaced by short and fierce concentrated shooting, followed by an immediate attack by the infantry. The artillery and the army entered the offensive position as last as possible to ensure a suddenness.

The known enemy defense points were imposed with dense poison gas and smoke bombs to achieve cover. At the same time, infiltration forces composed of infantry and light artillery surpassed the enemy to defend against them. This was the first use of what was later called the "Hutil tactics" (that is, the assault group tactics). The Russian 20th Army fell into panic and fled eastward. The German army captured only 9,000 prisoners, and both sides suffered very little casualties. At the same time, a small amphibious expeditionary force occupied Osel and Dago Island in the Bay of Riga and landed on the Russian continent.

At this time, due to the continuous defeats on the front line, the lifespan of the provisional government was obviously not much left, and it was indeed the case.

After a crushing defeat on the battlefield, the Kerensky government (Kerensky became the leader of the provisional government on July 20 and fled from Petrograd to Moscow, and the Bolsheviks began to take over the regime. From September 9 to 14, Kornilov set off a storm of counter-revolution, but it quickly subsided.

At 9:00 p.m. on the Julian calendar on October 25 (November 7 Gregorian calendar), Lenin led the Red Guards, soldiers and people to surround the location of the Provisional Government, the Hermitage, the location of the Provisional Government, and occupied it at 2:00 a.m. the next day.

According to later official propaganda from the Soviet Union, soldiers who successfully revolted on the Avleur cruiser that night bombarded the Winter Palace with guns, and fierce armed conflicts occurred in the Winter Palace. However, according to the information of the Military Intelligence Bureau and research data after the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was no armed conflict near the Winter Palace that night. Only one women's battalion and a non-commissioned battalion guarding the Winter Palace were allowed to surrender quickly under the impact of the crowd.

And then Palichensky, the chief of the Hermitage, opened the gate of the Hermitage himself and brought them to the place where the ministers of the Provisional Government were meeting. The Avleel cruiser was overhauled, with no loading or personnel. The political commissar of the Avleel, who was appointed temporarily, only fired a few empty bullets at the Hermitage. On the night of the uprising, the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee issued the "Notice on the Overthrow of the Provisional Government", saying that the uprising "had won the victory without a drop of blood."

After the Bolsheviks came to power, they announced the establishment of a "Provisional Government of Workers and Peasants". They demanded that the constitutional congress elections be held immediately, and the liberal minority constitutional Democratic Party be excluded and all socialist democratic governments were established. Although the forced seizure of power by the Bolsheviks aroused the disgust of various parties, due to the long-term pursuit of constitutional rules, most left-wing parties such as the Social Revolutionary Party and Mensheviks chose to accept the request to hold the constitutional congress elections immediately. The liberal-oriented constitutional Democratic Party was suppressed by the Bolsheviks.

And these are the most famous "October Revolution" in history...

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If the collapse of the Romanov dynasty and the establishment of a new provisional government were still under the permission of Britain, France, the United States and Germany, then a complete country would definitely not tolerate it. Although the new government is actually a socialist country, and the Soviet Union would have to wait for a while before it was established, in the eyes of Britain and France, this is a country.

As Churchill once said, “The Bolsheviks must be strangled in the cradle.”

Of course, until this time, Britain and France still did not make any big moves, because the most important thing for Britain and France is the European War, and what happened in Russia is not the most anxious. In the eyes of Britain and France, it would be enough to settle the accounts after the autumn when the European War ended.

In the eyes of Britain and France, although no major country in the world has recognized the legitimacy of the new Russian government until now, the new Russian government obviously did not dare to take the blame for the world and get a ceasefire with Germany.

But what people didn't expect was...

After the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, Russia was in a state of war with the allies because it turned out that Russia belonged to the Allies and was in a state of war. In order to withdraw from the war, the newly established Soviet government, after the proposed peace proposal was rejected by the Allies, conducted peaceful negotiations with Germany of the Allies.

On December 3, 1917, when the negotiations began, Germany proposed the harsh conditions to ced the local areas of Poland, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia and Belarus to Germany and pay 3 billion rubles of compensation, which caused serious differences within the Bolshevik Party.

Lenin advocated accepting the conditions of Germany and signing peace treaties to gain a respite for the new regime. Six Central Committee members including Zinoviev, Sokolinikov, Stalin, Artem, Stasova, Sverdlov supported Lenin. The "leftist**s" represented by Bukharin opposed the signing of the peace treaty and advocated continuing the world war against imperialism. Central Committee members Bubnov, Uritsky and Lomov supported Bukharin. Trotsky advocated a ceasefire and demobilized the army, but did not sign a contract with Germany (that is, disagreement without war). Central Committee members Klestinsky, Derrensky, and Yuefei supported Trotsky.

On January 2, 1918, the Soviet government held a meeting of central and local leaders. At the meeting with 60 people, 32 people agreed with Bukharin's proposal, 16 people agreed with Trotsky's proposal, and only 15 people agreed with Lenin's proposal. In the end, Lenin's proposal was not passed because it was in a minority.

On January 24, 1918, the Soviet government held a central meeting to re-vote the issue of signing the contract. Trotsky's proposal was passed by a majority of 9 to 7, and Lenin's proposal was still not accepted by the majority.

On January 30, the negotiations of Brest were resumed. As a member of the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs (i.e., Minister of Foreign Affairs), and head of the negotiating delegation, Trotsky agreed with Lenin before leaving: if Germany issued an ultimatum, he would give in to sign the contract. As a result, Germany indeed issued an ultimatum to the Soviet Union. Trotsky telegraphed Lenin to ask for countermeasures, and Lenin immediately replied: "Accept German conditions and sign the contract immediately." However, Trotsky did not accept Lenin's suggestion, but issued a statement of refusal to sign the contract and led the delegation to leave Brest. As a result, Germany began to launch a large-scale attack on the Soviet Union.

On February 18, in a very urgent situation, an emergency meeting held by the Central Committee of the Soviet Union. At the meeting, Lenin's proposal was rejected by 6:7 votes. Then, the central government held a meeting overnight. After fierce debate, Trotsky turned to support Lenin. The meeting resulted in 7 votes in favor, 5 votes against, and 1 abstention. The Soviet government informed the German side overnight and agreed to sign the contract.

However, after being notified, Germany did not stop the offensive and put forward more harsh conditions on February 23. The Central Committee of the Soviet Party held another emergency meeting with 15 members. During the meeting, most of the members expressed dissatisfaction with Lenin's proposal. Lenin had to propose that if this empty talk continued, he would resign and withdraw from the government and the Central Committee. Bukharin did not care about this, and Stalin did not waver.

Trotsky disagreed with Lenin's opinion, but in order to prevent Lenin's resignation and the party's division, his attitude changed. Under his influence, four abstentions appeared. As a result, Lenin's proposal was passed with 7 votes in favor, 4 abstentions, and 4 votes against. On the same day, the Soviet Central Executive Committee passed by a majority of 116:85. Trotsky was removed from his post as a people's member of diplomacy and replaced by Georgi Chichelin.

On February 24, the Soviet government sent a negotiating delegation to negotiate with Germany.

Until March 3, the newly established Soviet government finally signed a ceasefire agreement with Germany, namely the "Brest-Litovsk Treaty".

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The negotiations between the Russians and the Germans are generally a relatively secret matter. After all, at least so far, Russia is still a member of the Allied Powers, and the most important task as a member of the Allied Powers is to declare war on Germany.

If Britain and France knew about it, Russia would have made a private standstill with Russia, then Britain and France would have revenge.

What's more, in April 2017, the United States had just declared war on Germany. If Russia was exposed at this time, then Britain, France, China, the United States, Japan and other countries would never give up.

You should know that it is precisely because of the existence of Russia that Germany has always had an extremely large force that is restrained on the Eastern Front. If Russia suddenly strikes and Germany puts all its forces on the Eastern Front into the Western Front, then the one who suffers will be Britain and France...

However, although the actions of the Russians and Germans are still secret, this is not a trivial matter after all. In addition, Yan Guang's military intelligence agency has been operating in Russia for many years. Especially when he funded the Russian Bolsheviks in the past few years, he had developed many insiders. Therefore, the Russians had just negotiated with Germany and Yan Guang already knew about this.

However, after learning about this, Yan Guang did not deliberately make a statement. Instead, he shared the secret with several of the most core people within the government and hid it.

Of course, while sealing, a series of orders were issued from Beijing.

All over the country, new mobilization orders have been issued. According to the mobilization order, at least 200,000 troops will be mobilized in the southwest and south China, that is, the forces of two armies. In the northeast, northwest, central and eastern China, each region will also mobilize at least 30,000 troops, that is, one army...

At the same time, the Shenyang Military Region in the northeast and the Beijing Military Region in the north China have already entered a state of combat readiness, and the army in the northwest is ready to enter Central Asia at any time.

The Chinese Navy, which is already more powerful, has taken action at the same time as these troops.

During the European War, the Chinese Navy had never encountered any major wars, or had never participated in any naval battle at all, so the navy's strength has always grown very rapidly.

Especially some time ago, after three Baxia battleships and three Yazi-class battle cruisers were successively launched to serve, although the Chinese Navy had no actual results, it was criticized by many people as the new "Beiyang Navy".

However, those three Bald Battleships with 12 380mml50 naval guns and the Yazi-class battleships with 8 356mml45 naval guns are still not something that anyone can underestimate.

Especially Japan, although Japan is still stabilizing China in terms of naval strength, and China's three newly-soldiers and three Yazi classes have not yet experienced actual combat, if it comes to paper performance alone, these two-class battleships and combat cruisers are still better than any existing first-class battleships in Japan.

Especially in terms of the main gun caliber, the 380mm main gun is definitely better than the maximum 356mm caliber of the Japanese active battleship. Therefore, although Japan does not say it, it is extremely afraid of the Chinese Navy in its heart and has been looking forward to the service of Nagato-class battleships.

Unfortunately, due to the failure of the Shandong Battle, Japan's current finances are quite miserable. Although the Japanese government has always been the top priority for Nagamon-level battleships, according to the estimates of the Japanese Navy and the Military Intelligence Bureau, if the Nagamon-level battleship that just started construction is launched, it will definitely not be earlier than 1919...

Therefore, at least in East Asia, the most advanced battleships are still China's dominant subordinates.

In response, even the British who had visited the naval base had to nod and admit it. After actually inspecting the three battleships, the British even had the idea of ​​instigating the Chinese Navy to Europe, but this idea was rejected by Yan Guang as soon as it arose.

Yan Guang is reluctant to let go. After all, the chicks have to go through the storm. However, the Chinese naval ships now have, but they have always lacked practical experience.

The problem is...

Yan Guang kept these main ships that had just been in service, but it was of great use...

Moreover, this "big use" definitely involves China's national destiny in the next few decades...

This "great use" was that after the Soviet Union and Germany signed the "Brest-Litovsk Treaty", there were three battleships and three battle cruisers, plus more than ten first-class cruisers and second-class cruisers, escorting a huge landing force to attack Russia's sea cucumber power...

Sea Cucumber Via, where Yan Guang dreamed of...

In fact, before the naval strength had increased, Yan Guang had thought that with the help of the navies of Britain, France, the United States, Japan and other countries, the landing war against the Sea Cucumber Viagra, Russia's largest port in the Far East.

However, Britain, France and the United States will not mention it for now. It is really unreliable to have the participation of Japanese people, let alone such a thing as a matter of being flirted with tigers. If you say that the Japanese have no idea about sea cucumber power, they really won’t believe it if Yan Guang was killed.

Now, since your navy has become a little more powerful, you naturally have to use your navy.

Anyway, the current sea cucumber power is already in trouble because of the collapse of the Romanov dynasty. Even if the sea cucumber power is built by the Russians, Yan Guang is sure to take it down there...

The only thing to wait now is the day when the "Brest-Litovsk Treaty" was announced to the public...

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Chapter completed!