There are quite a lot of mineral types, coal, iron and oil are the most important.

Russia, Pakistan, China, Australia, India, Canada, and the United States have high iron ore reserves;

The coal mines are China, the United States, Russia, Asia, Europe, North America, and the coal quality is good;

Oil distribution is very concentrated, with the Middle East, Russia, the United States, China, Mexico and Britain.

...

Franz still remembers this passage from the geography class in his previous life, and it can be summarized as Europe lacks mines.

On the one hand, the development time was too early, and many resources were exhausted by the 21st century; on the other hand, the mineral reserves were really not large.

Except for Russia, all European countries are poor mineral countries, or the mineral resources are single distribution. Typical examples are: Germany, except for coal and iron ore, almost everything is missing.

This makes many countries envious. The two most basic elements of the industrial era are in place. Are the French next door still short of coal?

In contrast, Austria is considered happy. Perhaps it is because of its slightly large territory and basically all mineral resources are complete. However, this reserve is a bit unprofitable.

Of course, this is also in a relative sense. Compared with countries other than Russia, Austria's mineral resources still have an advantage.

These resources laid the foundation for Austria's industrial development. By 1870, Austria's steel production exceeded that of the British for the first time, and ranked first in the world with an annual output of 6.48 million tons.

Of course, the advantage is not obvious, it only exceeded the British 20,000 tons. The main factor causing the rapid growth of Austrian steel production is the growth in demand in the domestic market.

A local market with more than 30 million people and a local market with more than 70 million people have been industrialized, and the demand for steel is obviously greater.

In fact, this output still cannot meet market demand. In addition to the local market, the African colonies are also a large steel consumer.

According to data provided by the Ministry of Industry, Austria's steel demand will double in the next decade, with steel demand as high as 1.5 million tons.

Seeing this data, Franz had a headache. At present, steel production in Bohemia has encountered a bottleneck, and the output growth rate has slowed down. If you want to quickly expand your production capacity, you will not undergo further technological innovation.

However, this is not very realistic. Steel technology only underwent a revolution not long ago. It is almost impossible to make another breakthrough in the short term in terms of existing industrial technology.

Although Bosnia and Herzegovina's second steel production base is developing rapidly, there is still a long way to go to fill this vacancy, and it will not be achieved within ten years.

Nowadays, most of the most important steel enterprises in Austria are concentrated in the Bohemia region (the later Czech region), accounting for 63% of the national steel production.

In addition, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Linz, Bavaria, Württemberg, Saxony, Galicia, Silesia and other regions are distributed.

The main reasons for this situation are multifaceted. The steel mills in Bavaria, Wurttemberg and Saxony are historically left over, and are limited by resources that have not developed.

In the Bosnia and Herzegovina region, the industry started too late and the government was busy building roads. Although steel companies have settled, due to the limitations of transportation, they cannot exert maximum production capacity in a short period of time.

Galicia is because the government does not pay enough attention to it and cannot compete with Bohemia; Silesia is the cause of the Prussians, and they ran away and the mess left behind. The Vienna government has just finished cleaning up.

Human factors can be overcome, and the most troublesome thing is resource distribution. There are many coal and iron ore in Austria, but unfortunately it is not concentrated.

If steel enterprises want to develop, they must move closer to the origin of raw materials, which will lead to a situation of blooming from all sides.

In Franz's opinion, capitalists' choices are correct. Since they want to invest, the main purpose is to make money. If they stay away from the origin of raw materials, the competitiveness of the product will naturally not be guaranteed.

Nowadays, the centralization of heavy industry is no longer suitable for Austria. The resource supply in every place is limited, and it can only provide one million tons of steel raw materials. It is impossible for you to produce two million tons of steel.

To meet the growing domestic demand, it is inevitable to open several more industrial bases. In addition to Germany, which has concentrated resources, almost every industrial country has multiple industrial bases.

After carefully reading the information, Franz made a decision: "This multiple-choice question is not needed. With the development of the country, the demand for steel will only increase.

Add a heavy industrial base today and another heavy industrial base tomorrow. It would be better to develop it at the same time.

Serbia, Silesia, and Galicia have the potential to develop into heavy industrial bases. Let’s list them together this time!

In other regions, as long as there are coal mines and iron mines at the same time, transportation is relatively convenient, and development can also be carried out.

The government formulates corresponding policies and finds ways to solve transportation problems, and the final development will be left to enterprises and markets."

In this era, governments of various countries were willing to carry out industrial development. What kind of industrial development looks like is basically determined by the market economy.

Governments like Austria have actually been interfering with the market economy by administrative means, but they are doing relatively obscure.

Look at this point, you can tell that, as the country with the richest resources in Europe, the steel production is less than one-twentieth that of Austria.

This is not because Russian capitalists have not seen business opportunities, but mainly because the transportation is too crappy. The Tsarist government does not solve the traffic problem and asks them to build roads by themselves. Who dares to do this business?

It was only after the Tsarist government attached great importance to the exchanges, that Russian industry began to develop truly. Unfortunately, the Russian Empire was too huge and this road was too difficult to repair.

Before the original time and space war, the Russians only built more than 70,000 kilometers, which was the result of the efforts of the Tsars of all generations.

Before traveling, Franz often complained about Russian transportation, but after arriving in this world, his concept changed.

The roads of the Russian Empire were really difficult to build. The construction of railways in ice and snow countries was much more difficult and construction cost than those of European countries, but the Tsarist government was another poor man.

"If you want to be rich, build roads first." This sentence is not correct at all. However, you don't even have money to build roads, which is a tragedy.

What’s even more tragic is that the Russian railways are not only built and maintained, but also far higher than those of European countries. Even if the railway is built, it cannot be guaranteed to be opened to traffic all year round.

In order to ensure the smooth operation of the railway, the railway company had to invest a large number of workers in winter for maintenance. Many sections of the road only take a few hours and snow would cover the railway.

As a result, the operating costs of the railway will increase and freight will naturally increase. The originally cheap industrial raw materials have become less expensive after being transported thousands of miles away.

It was not surprising that the Russian industry had not developed late and had to face such harsh conditions.

It is estimated that Alexander II has not yet thought about these issues, and he is still busy leading the Russian people to open up the land.

No, the land reclamation has been underway for almost two years, and now we should worry about how to deal with the new food.

If you want to sell the food, you must first be able to ship it out. I won’t talk about the food in Ukraine, but the food exports from the Russian Empire mainly come from here.

There are also ways to transport grain in Moscow, which can be transported through rivers. For food in the Caucasus, build roads first. Without railways, it is really a headache.

The most tragic thing is the Siberian plains. The Russian people who were clearing the land here are tragic. Not to mention the harsh climate conditions, after all, the land given by the Tsar is too enduring and it will pass.

Transportation problems are a headache. Rivers exist. The prerequisite is that your land must be along the river and ensure that the river can be navigated normally.

Fortunately, Alexander II exempted the tax on newly reclaimed land, otherwise the tax officials would collapse. People had no money in their pockets, so they would pay the tax on food, or they would not collect it?

Perhaps for the Russian people, this is also a worry of happiness. You no longer have to worry about being hungry. If you go in a few more years, your warehouse will be filled with food.

The time is still short, and I can't see the power of the large-scale land clearance for the time being, but looking at the big data, Franz knows that Alexander II's reform was half successful.

More food means low prices. In addition to being able to fill farmers' stomachs, it can also feed a large number of workers at the lowest cost.

When everyone eats a full meal, the country becomes stable. At least for decades, most Russian people will feel satisfied.

The only question is whether it can withstand the counterattack of the conservatives. After so much newly reclaimed land, how could the Russian nobles not be moved?

After the land reclamation is completed, someone will jump out to pick peaches. If land annexation cannot be curbed, the Russian Empire will still be in crisis again.

Land mergers are still a future problem. The biggest trouble at the moment is grain sales. If so much grain cannot be sold in the international market, it will be a big fun.

This time doesn't take too long. Next year or the year after, the Russian Empire will face an oversupply of food.

So far, the Russians have opened at least 200 million mu of arable land, which is almost half of the area of ​​Austria's native arable land.

Fortunately, the newly developed land of the Russians is relatively poor, and the grain output is relatively low, so many places can only grow potatoes for one season.

If the land output standards in Austria are followed, this grain output can directly boost the international grain market.

In order to cope with the impact of Russian food on the international market, Austria has begun to destock, and many smart farmers are preparing to switch to cash crops.

As for the grain processing industry, it is still the world of Austria. Taking advantage of its own production and sales, it has defeated many competitors in recent years and controlled the terminal pricing of the grain market.

Even if the Russians export food, most of the food they exported to Austria first, and then sold it to European countries after finishing it.

The first thing to do is to get the moon near the water, and this advantage will not change in the short term. Unless the Russians complete industrialization and their own processing industry develops.

This involves industry again, and it is not a matter of change overnight. Take the flour processing industry as an example: the flour produced by Russian companies is not only costly, but also of poor quality.

Nowadays, the flour sold on the market in many cities in the Russian Empire is actually produced in Austria. You can know how competitive the products of Russian companies are.

The machinery of this era is not so easy to use. Unlike the noodles grinders in later generations, they are all fool-proof and can be mastered by anyone.

Today's machinery is all high-tech. Without professional technicians, they can't play at all. The shortcomings in talent are not so easy to make up.

It is not so easy to send people to train technical workers. In this era, many thunders were buried in the export of machinery and equipment in various countries.

For example, the instructions for the machinery and equipment exported in Austria are all German. Maybe they can reach a critical point, and they have to be stuck in a few local dialects.

Even professional translators can definitely figure out the meaning. What should I do? Of course, I hire an expert. By relying on the later labor export, the company can make another profit.

If you are a little bit unintentional, you will also ambush in some places, deliberately allowing the buyer to continue to earn later maintenance fees because he is unaware of the improper operation.

This is also why everyone has to go back and forth when importing the most advanced equipment in Europe, so as not to make enough money from manufacturers, so they should not try to start construction smoothly.

Some unscrupulous merchants even sell mechanical equipment at a low price, which induces the buyer to be deceived, and then tampers with the mechanical equipment, making huge profits through later maintenance.

If it weren't for these invisible obstacles, in this era without technical barriers, the industrial production level of countries around the world could have been brought to the same line.

This is not a secret throughout the industry, and many buyers even know that there may be loopholes in transactions.

However, they had no choice, this is the tuition fee that later generations have to pay. If they don’t pay now, they will pay more in the future.

If you want to directly obtain the industrial technology of the great powers and quickly climb to the world's advanced level, you should take a shower and go to bed!

The great powers are not doing charity. In order to ensure their technological leadership, deliberately burying nails is just the most common operation.

Otherwise, this catching up with the industrial power can quickly narrow the gap by copying the other party's technology.

How could such a good thing be possible? If it were so easy, it wouldn't have been so many years, and France and Austria were both chasers of the British.

If it weren't for the Second Industrial Revolution, the British's advantages would have been able to continue to maintain for a long time.
Chapter completed!