"Give me a brief introduction." Huo Gang nodded.

"yes."

"According to your plan, the new Yumen Pass will be expanded on the basis of the Yumen Pass first. The location of Yumen Pass is relatively high, about two meters above the water surface of the swamp in the north. According to the current expanded area of ​​the swamp, its area in the future may be larger than our entire Yumen Pass, so on the north side, your general's mansion will be built on the north wall."

"On both sides of your general's mansion, there will be military camps of guards and cavalrymen, as well as residences of some major officials."

"The entire Yumen Pass will reserve a large street every 300 meters horizontally and vertically. According to your requirements, we will reserve excavation and drainage systems under all major streets. In addition, according to the current home model of people's hearts, a small street will be reserved every 100 meters in a large area of ​​300 meters, and a community consisting of residents in a certain area. These communities will have grassroots officials in the community in the future."

"In this way, the management and arrangements of grassroots communities can be more detailed and intuitive. In addition, we reserved two cities in the east and west, and at the same time, some shops will be reserved on each major street."

"In addition, in hidden corners of some streets, we reserved enough public toilets to avoid any sewage. These are the basic plans." Wu Ping roughly explained their plans.

Huo Gang nodded, there was no big surprise, but he did not make any mistakes. Moreover, such a square structure actually looks a bit like Chang'an City.

However, the population of Yumen Pass is destined to be impossible to be as large as Chang'an City. Of course, there is not that large number of people living within the city walls in Chang'an City, and most of the population lives around the city.

It doesn't matter. Huo Gang doesn't pay attention to the ground situation. He is concerned about the underground situation, which is the reservation of these drainage networks and the reservation of residents' residential areas.

Anyway, their city is almost equivalent to rebuilding, so in this case, it is better to get it done in one step, especially underground drainage. Huo Gang doesn't want to put aside the road surface and correct it as in later generations. The road surface of this era is not that easy to be trimmed.

"How is the residential house planning and design?" Huo Gang asked.

"It has been basically completed, but this may require Miss Cailian to come and tell you."

Huo Gang was not in a hurry. He began to ponder that Huo Gang had not made anything as important in house design, but before that it was because there were not enough craftsmen, but now, craftsmen should not be a problem, so things should be taken out.

This kind of thing is glass. The birth of glass can be said to have many useful uses, but at present, Huo Gang's arrangements for it are only limited. This year, it is probably only used for production and installation as a window.

And the more useful natural telescopes, microscopes, and glasses! Let’s not talk about the last one, telescopes have great uses in military aspects, and microscopes are indispensable for the development of science.

Of course, it can also be used to make a greenhouse, but it depends on the output of glass. In fact, glass is very easy to make.

"Grind the ink for me." Huo Gang said to Wu Ping, then picked up the brush and paper on the table next to him, and started to list it directly next to him.

First of all, the pre-set technology for making glass requires a cellar, grass alkali or soda ash, and quicklime. Yes, quicklime is used, so limestone ore is really a huge treasure. In many industrial production, limestone is almost irreplaceable.

The pre-technology Huo Gang has been completely lit up, so the remaining process is relatively simple. Any modern person knows that glass is melted sand, that is, silica, and there is no other thing in the Western Regions, just that there is more sand.

However, the temperature for melting sand into glass must reach 1700 degrees Celsius, which is within the controllable range of the furnace. After all, the temperature in the furnace of the blast furnace iron smelting reaches this temperature in theory, but at least above 1500 degrees Celsius.

So this temperature can also be reached. Although it is more difficult, it is just like the melting point of pure iron is more than 1,500 degrees Celsius, but the melting point of iron ore with a large amount of carbon and other components can be directly melted into molten iron at about 1,100-1,300 degrees Celsius.

The grass alkali and soda ash mentioned earlier can reduce the melting temperature of the sand. When heated, the temperature will allow the grass alkali or soda ash to be integrated into the sand, which can reduce the melting point.

Then add some quicklime to them to increase the durability and corrosion resistance of the glass, which can protect the glass from being washed by rainwater and causing wear.

In this way, the melting point of such a mixed substance will completely melt at about 580 degrees Celsius.

This ratio is about 60%-70% of the sand. Choose bright white sand, because such sand means purer silica. Of course, if you can't find it, white quartz stone can be used.

But even without these, it doesn't matter. Most of the substances in the sand will burn out when they melt, and the rest cannot melt, which means there is more color.

There are more colors, and it doesn’t matter. Then let Sun Er and the others experiment, just how to make the glass transparent.

It is already good to remember these things. Thanks to his continuous strengthening of his brain, his memory and previous memories are becoming clearer and clearer. Secondly, the countless time travel he had seen in his previous life.

I really thank those authors, otherwise he might not know this knowledge.

In addition to sand, it is about 5%-12% quicklime and 12%-18% soda ash.

After they completely melt, the glass liquid will continue to bubble like boiling water. The carbon dioxide inside is constantly emerging, and after the solution no longer boils, you can make glass.

Generally speaking, brown sand like the desert often contains iron oxide, so green glass is burned. Huo Gang still remembers that when he was a child, the glass in his home contained a faint green because of iron oxide.

If you want transparent glass, it is actually very simple. It is to add manganese dioxide to it when the raw materials are melted. It doesn’t matter if the manganese dioxide is not produced at this time. Huo Gang remembers to throw some burning ash from seaweed into the raw materials to get transparent glass.

As for what specific seaweeds... there are not many seaweeds anyway, so you can try it a few more times, as long as possible, the premise is that Huo Gang can expand his territory to the sea.

When the glass is burned, the rest is to make the glass into various glassware, or glass windows.

This is much simpler. The longest thing you hear about is glass blowing. Blowing glass means that the liquid of glass will become more and more viscous during cooling. When it becomes similar to bubble gum, dip an iron tube into a ball of glass solution, and then directly face the iron tube to blow the glass solution into the shape of a balloon.

But this thing requires technology, but if you want to make a glass bottle, blow it into a balloon, and cut it off directly when it becomes harder. This is the basic glass bottle and the like.

Or, cut off both ends of it, first turn it into a rough cylinder, then cut it vertically, and put it on the iron plate to flatten it. This is the window glass. This method is simple to make and convenient, but the glass obtained is a bit rough.

But when there is no problem with the window, there is another way, that is, molds. The smartest thing for humans is to use molds.

First make an iron cylinder, then blow the glass inside the cylinder, take it out after the glass cools, then cut it longitudinally, then heat it slowly, and then it will automatically slowly turn into a piece of glass.

In this way, it will become more regular and transparent.

These are the basic glass making procedures. As for the soda and soda ash that melts the glass, soda ash is very simple. When burning the ashes from wood (hardwood has the best effect), you must thoroughly burn the ashes left behind, dissolve them in water, then cook them dry, or dry them in the sun. The off-white residue at the bottom of the pot is soda ash. The scientific name is potassium carbonate.

Grass alkali can be used as bleach, or soap can be made, which is also a useful additive. Even steamed buns can be used for fermentation.

However, this thing requires a lot of wood, and one kilogram of wood can only get 1 gram of grass alkali. However, the heat generated by burning wood can be used to melt glass and charcoal, but in short, the cost is not low, mainly because Huo Gang has not many forests in his hands, and he doesn't want Huo Huo Forest anymore.

As a later generation, he knew very well how fragile the ecology of the Western Regions was. This place itself is still pretty good. If the forests were not cut down and the water and soil were maintained, the future generations would definitely not have become a vast Gobi Desert.

As for soda ash, there are two methods. The first method is the same as making grass alkali, but it is also possible to burn kelp or plants in saline-alkali land, but neither of them is available. The industrial method is relatively simple. Make a water tower more than 20 meters high, heat limestone at the bottom of the water tower, and then use limestone again, and then produce new limestone and carbon dioxide.

Then carbon dioxide enters the solution containing high concentrations of ammonia and salt, and bubbles will form, so that ammonia will become ammonium chloride, and the rest is sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, which precipitates out of the solution and concentrates at the bottom of the solution.

If you continue to heat up, sodium bicarbonate, that is, baking soda, will become sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. The rest is ammonium chloride.

The advantage of this method is that the remaining ammonium chloride will continue to be added with hydrated lime (used again), and it will become pure ammonia, pure water, and calcium chloride.

Calcium chloride can be discarded or used as a deicing agent.

However, this involves ammonia again. Huo Gang found that he wrote more and more, which has written a series of chemical industries. However, it is not difficult to make ammonia. There is a lot of ammonia in human urine. The gas produced by fermenting human urine is ammonia. Everyone smells this thing when they go to the toilet.
Chapter completed!