Standing under the big willow tree on the Sui Dike, Du Zhongxiao looked at the endless ships on the Bian River and couldn't help but feel excited. If he had just followed the tide of this era before, now he would have to raise a sail and guide the fleet to the sea.

Thinking of Chen Qin's explanation just now, from being surprised to accept it later, Du Zhongxiao wanted to laugh. Why did he choose Chen Qin to do this? Because of intuition. Now Du Zhongxiao knows that his intuition is not wrong, and this is a very suitable person.

The regular tax burden of middle and lower-class households is not heavy, and their burden is concentrated on various types of silence and miscellaneous donations, and these taxes are strictly illegal. Everyone knows this, and people say it every year, but it just cannot be cancelled. If Du Zhongxiao was appointed as the magistrate of Yongcheng, he could solve the heavy burden of middle and upper-class households and then cancel the silence and miscellaneous donations, it would be of great significance. He can be said to be the best magistrate of this era.

Walking along the Sui Dike back to the county town, looking at the earth under the sun, Du Zhongxiao also felt full of energy.

After returning to the county government office and cooking for a while, Du Zhongxiao returned to the back government office and changed into casual clothes. He asked his followers to prepare a cup of tea. Du Zhongxiao went to the garden to read a leisurely book. The barriers of the times still need to be eliminated by continuous learning.

The flowers in the sunshine xhy area are blooming brightly, butterflies are dancing among the flowers, and the air is filled with the fragrance of flowers. At the rockery in the distance, Xiaoqing and Jingjing sit side by side, not knowing what to say in a low voice, smiling.

Perhaps this is the life you deserve, everything is peaceful and beautiful. It is really unnecessary to be a small county magistrate.

At this moment, Tao Shiqi took a booklet and hurried to the garden to salute Du Zhongxiao: "Official, the book you ordered to buy has been bought back. It is really not easy to buy this book, and it was brought back by merchants from Nanjing."

Du Zhongxiao took it and saw that it was the "Plum Sutra" he ordered someone to collect a month ago, and let out a sigh of relief. In this era, it was so difficult to find this book. Even if the agricultural classics such as "Plum Sutra" were searched throughout Yongcheng County, they could not find it. This book was written by the poet Lu Guimeng, and explained in detail the structure of the plow in that era.

Lu Guimeng is very interesting. He was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, but he personally ploughed and wrote many agricultural works. Among them, the most influential book was the book "The Plum Sutra". The book describes the structure of the curved plow in detail, and all the components have special names. The "The Plum Sutra" was published. In the following thousand years, the structure of the plow in China never changed significantly until the ox plow was replaced by machinery.

Du Zhongxiao saw Li in his previous life. When he saw this era, he found that the shape was basically the same as in his previous life, so he had the idea of ​​standardization. When he asked, he found out that Lu Guimeng had written such a book, but actually Li had been standardized by him. This book has been written for two or three hundred years. The imperial court has published it many times and spread it all over the world. Of course, it is based on this as the basis for making agricultural tools such as plow.

After flipping through it casually, Du Zhongxiao asked Tao Shiqi: "Since you bought the book, have you read it?"

Tao Shiqi scratched his head embarrassedly: "I have read it, I don't know many words in it, and I asked the teacher specifically. But what is the plow in this book looks like, but I am still confused and can't really think about it."

Du Zhongxiao smiled and said, "I always feel that it is shallow when I know this. If you can't understand the book, why not go to the field and see what the plow is now. Only by looking at the plow and comparing it with the book can you understand it clearly."

Tao Shiqi shook his head: "I went to the field to read it, but I found several types of plows, which were different from what was said in the book. I don't know who is right or wrong."

Although this book has been circulated for more than 200 years and has been promoted by the court, it has not unified the world. Many small places still use ancient farm tools, and the details of plows in most places are almost different from those in the book. Even in the same place, different craftsmen made plows are different. In particularly remote places, such as some areas of Guangnan Chuanxia, ​​there are still many "two cows striking" that were used thousands of years ago.

Du Zhongxiao patted the book lightly and said, "It is precisely because the various ploughing patterns are too complicated that we have to refer to this book and formulate a unified plough. With a unified plough, it is not only convenient to make, but also convenient for farmers to build and use. You can find a good knowledge and tell you in detail what is said in this book, and make a plow according to what is said in the book. Then go to the fields, find a few old farmers and compare the various ploughs. Which one is light and easy to use, and then determine the shape. Seventeen, you have clever thoughts and like to do these things, so you have to use your brain."

Tao Shiqi agreed and took the book into his hands.

Du Zhongxiao said: "This book is so precious and not easy to buy. You should re-record one and let the original book be put away in the yamen. This is a learning attitude. You have been reading the original book for many days, which is not good. You need to read more books and write more books so that you can learn quickly and remember them firmly."

Tao Shiqi agreed, feeling a little embarrassed, and took the book and ran away.

Looking at Tao Shiqi running away, Du Zhongxiao thought for a while. In his previous life, whether it was history or political courses, he repeatedly said that the economic foundation determines the superstructure. What kind of economic foundation has the superstructure that adapts to it. The long Chinese history has gone through many dynasties. Each dynasty has the characteristics of each dynasty, and the same dynasty is also constantly developing. Simply using the two words ancient cannot summarize such a long historical time. So what is the economic foundation of each dynasty?

After standing up and strolling for a while, Du Zhongxiao shook his head. The economic relationship of feudal society cannot be summarized. There are many types of agriculture in feudal society. Large manors and small self-cultivated farmers are all feudal economies. In the meaning of the word, feudal economy refers to large manors.

In this era, the economy of large manors cannot be said to be lacking, at least not mainstream. Since the Five Dynasties, Chinese society has developed towards the personal dependence relationship of the feudal system, and has moved forward steadily after entering the Song Dynasty. To use the fresh and unrestrained statement in the previous life, it represents the glory of human nature and the liberation of human body. There was a very popular TV series "Yongzheng Dynasty" in which the emperor abolished the system of slaves and other untouchables. In fact, the liberation of human body in the Yongzheng era was not even comparable to that of Emperor Taizong of Song, let alone the era in which he lived.

In this era, rural areas were truly dominated by small self-cultivated farmers, while cities were dominated by small owners, which was incompatible with the typical production relations mentioned in textbooks, including ancient Chinese in history books. According to the class analysis of previous lives, rural areas were divided into landlords, rich peasants, middle peasants, poor peasants and hired peasants, which was roughly corresponding to the fifth-class households and customers of the imperial court at this time. However, at this time, it was not to distinguish the class components by means of production, but to use family assets. The proportion of fifth-class households, or the proportion of each class in society, all levels of yamen have accounts, which was clearly there. In Yongcheng County, first-class households can be regarded as landlords, accounting for only more than 10%. The fifth-class households can be regarded as poor peasants, accounting for about 50%, and customers can be regarded as hired peasants, accounting for about 30%, which accounts for 80%. The remaining third- and fourth-class households are rich peasants, accounting for only a small proportion. The proportion of landlords is so large, one important reason is that there are no big landlords.

The Song Dynasty did not suppress annexation, resulting in a large number of landless farmers in the countryside. However, the tax and labor system caused not many large landlords, but mainly small and medium-sized landlords. In the late feudal society, the rich peasants and middle peasants represented by typical small self-cultivated farmers accounted for a small proportion in this era. Du Zhongxiao pondered this phenomenon for a long time and finally came to a rough conclusion that in the agricultural means of production, the proportion of land in this era was much smaller than that in the later Ming and Qing dynasties. In other words, land did not have an absolute advantage in the agricultural data of this era, and more land would definitely be rich.
Chapter completed!