Facing the cannonballs from the arrival of the concubine, the third-middle fleet was not prepared.

This involves a very important issue, namely, effective detection methods.

As mentioned many times earlier, compared with traditional artillery, electric bump guns have a very obvious feature, that is, external ballistics. Thanks to their high initial velocity, electromagnetic guns have unique external ballistics, that is, most of them are outside the atmosphere. In order to shorten the time of flight in the atmosphere as much as possible, starting from the first generation of orbital electromagnetic guns, all large-caliber electric bump guns adopt vertical or near-vertical projection methods. Although the main purpose of doing this is to increase the range, it also brings another benefit. That is the low detectability of shells. In other words, shells flying outside the atmosphere are more difficult to detect, making almost all artillery radars a decoration.

Before the emergence of passive detection systems, this problem was not very prominent. Because the ionosphere does not absorb and reflect electromagnetic waves in all bands, but has a band window, so it can track satellite radars that can track electromagnetic gun shells thousands of kilometers away from the ground, or even tens of thousands of kilometers away from the ground.

The problem is that with the advent of passive detection systems and are rapidly becoming popular, almost all active detections have entered the cold palace. Take the Navy for example. Although each warship has a radar and several radars, according to the combat regulations of the Republic's Navy, active detection radars must not be activated unless they are attacked or are about to be attacked. Affected by this, even on the battlefield, the Republic's Navy fleet must turn off the radar, and it will not be possible to detect shells flying outside the atmosphere in time. In order to solve the problem of early warning, the Republic and the United States have also put a lot of effort into passive detection methods, that is, using the band window of the ionosphere to detect the disturbances caused by electromagnetic cannon shells to the earth's magnetic field when flying at high speed.

Although this detection method is not accurate, that is, it cannot accurately measure the flight speed and direction of the shells, it can play an early warning role within a certain area, giving the fleet enough time to turn on the radar. A very serious problem arose during the implementation, namely the interference effect of space garbage. In other words, there must be more than 10,000 space garbage with diameters exceeding Rime before the outbreak of World War III, and during the war, this number has increased by at least twice, that is, the number of space garbage with similar flight trajectories, which is equivalent to electromagnetic cannon shells is more than 400,000). It is possible to find several, dozens, or even hundreds of real targets that are truly threatening. Even if it is not considered a needle in a haystack, the huge amount of data calculation can make the world's most advanced supercomputers powerless.

Fortunately, when attacking targets on the sea surface, electromagnetic cannon shells need to re-enter the atmosphere.

Although theoretically speaking, it is almost impossible to intercept electromagnetic cannon shells that have entered the end of the ballistic, because for Mach's electric-touch cannon shells, from the bottom of the ionosphere with a height of about 1,000 meters to the sea level, it is not easy to complete the entire interception process from discovery to shooting down in such a short time. However, in actual operation, especially when dealing with some special purpose shells, the time for more than 0 seconds is still sufficient.

These special purpose shells include cluster sub-compartment bullets.

Theoretically, it is not difficult to find shells that re-enter the atmosphere. In addition to the disturbances caused by shells to the electric collision field can be detected by passive radar, the high temperatures caused by friction with air during high-speed flight can also be discovered by infrared detectors, and all of them can be accurately positioned.

The key is whether it can intercept it in time, and it is an effective interception.

Compared with shells with one charge of shells such as armor-piercing bombs, cluster co-composites have a very obvious feature, that is, they must be slowed down at the end of the ballistic so that the sub-munitions can be spread within the effective range. Affected by this, cluster co-composites are equipped with accelerated rocket engines (to be precise, it is a reduced rocket engine. The working principle is to provide a reverse thrust to the side front, slowing down the shells, and by adjusting the injection angle of the spray switch, the angular velocity of the shells rotate about the central axis, generating the centrifugal force required to throw the ammunition). More importantly, because the sub-munitions are some

Metal rods with a mass of only a few hundred grams or even a hundred grams lack stability. The long flight distance will not only increase the spread range, but also reduce the armor-piercing ability. Therefore, clustered sub-compartment bullets generally control the height of the drop ammunition between four meters and old mechanic meters, which is specifically related to the quality and stability of the sub-compartment bullets (the lighter the mass, the worse the stability, the lower the sprinkling height). Affected by these various factors, after clustered sub-compartment bullets are re-entered, the flight time before dropping the sprinkling bullets is about 5 times that of other shells, and when dropping the sprinkling bullets, it has entered the interception of the fleet defense system.

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It can be seen from this that as long as there is a suitable interception method, cluster sub-composites can be intercepted.

The question is, what method of interception is the appropriate method of interception.

Obviously, high-energy lasers are not a suitable interception method. Although theoretically speaking, high-energy lasers can burn through the shell of cluster combs, destroy the accelerating rocket engine (and even detonate the propellant of the rocket engine), and make the cluster combs instable and cannot be dropped. The cluster combs without sprinkling ammunition have almost no threat to the battleship. However, only some very simple measures are needed, such as applying the thermal insulation layer of cluster combs a little thicker, setting the accelerating rocket engine at the tail of the shell, etc., the cluster combs can effectively resist high-energy lasers. To put it bluntly, even if they can be continuously illuminated, the high-energy lasers need to be used.

The cluster combs are instable and need to be illuminated for several seconds. In theory, the attack time left for the interception system is definitely not that much. Relatively speaking, particle beam weapons are not ideal. In addition to the problem of short interception distance, particle beam weapons are not ideal for destruction of cluster combs. More importantly, by improving the structure of the bullet body, such as arranging the sub-munition along the central axis of the combs and dividing them into several front and rear layers, the damage of particle beam weapons can be minimized, that is, only some sub-munitions cannot pose a threat to the battleship due to the damage to the structure, most sub-munitions are still lethal, and the attack process will not be affected.

Some people may think that the electromagnetic guns that kill targets based on the kinetic energy principle are better. The problem is that the firing height of small-caliber electromagnetic guns used for fleet defense operations is very limited, and they are going to the mouth. Chun is not able to deal with targets below four meters. The cluster Zizhu Shengben with a concave and meter can do nothing. The firing height of the air defense missiles that kill targets based on the kinetic energy principle is above the old ones. However, they are limited by slow speed, so it is difficult to shoot down the cluster Zizhu Shengben before the cluster Zizhu starts to spread the ammunition.

It can be said that it is very difficult to intercept cluster sub-complexes due to the interception methods.

In fleet combat, there is almost no other way to intercept a small-caliber electromagnetic gun. If you only deal with a few or more clustered combs, while using caliber electric cannons to intercept, you will increase the maneuver range (when fighting, the main ship must sail at full speed), such as increasing the steering angle to avoid devastating blows (that is, losing combat capability after being attacked). The problem is that when facing dozens of clustered combs, even if you can shoot down many of them, it is difficult to escape the covered area of ​​the sub-munition.

In other words, you can only place your hope on passive defense.

Because sub-munitions are non-guided munitions in the pure sense, interference means are useless. The so-called passive defense means only refer to the protective armor of warships.

At this time, look at the "Qin"-level heavy protection design ideas, and it is not difficult to understand its important meaning.

From the tactical use of the main battleship, it is not difficult to understand why not add several aircraft carriers carrying fighter jets to perform air defense combat missions to the main fleet. To put it bluntly, when attacked by "special shells" such as clustered sub-compartment bullets, even if the aircraft carrier can hold on, it will lose its combat capability due to the complete damage of the flight deck and become a floating coffin carrying thousands of officers and soldiers. From the confrontation between the main battleship and the aircraft carrier, the carrier-based aviation carried by the aircraft carrier has no way to take the main battleship, and the large-caliber electromagnetic gun on the main battleship can easily cause the aircraft carrier to suffer severe damage. Unless the aircraft carrier always hides from the main battleship, he will be driven out of the combat waters by the main battleship. Otherwise, the one who persists until the end will definitely not be an aircraft carrier.

The problem is that for the main ship itself, the shells projected by the large-caliber electromagnetic gun are also a fatal threat.

Just 2 minutes ago, the US military's first descent fleet was hit by a clustered mass bomb. All the main ships were severely damaged. Not only did the navigation speed quickly drop below the blade joint, but the control systems of electronic equipment, communication equipment, and some firepower units were also damaged, resulting in the six main ships losing their combat effectiveness and some of the moving forces. The seemingly powerful first descent fleet almost lost its combat capability in an instant!

Faced with the counterattack of the First Main Fleet, will the fate of the First Main Fleet be different?

Facts have proved that the 5% gap can not only determine the fate of several warships, but also determine the end of a naval battle, and even the outcome of a war.

Compared with the First Invasion Fleet, the First Anli Fleet only has the advantage of gills.

To be precise, compared with the US Navy's "Long Beach" class, the proportion of the "Qin" class protection system is only higher than that of nephew, and it is the micro-Cheng gap in this gill that makes the two warships have completely different destinies when facing almost identical attacks.

After discovering the cluster combs that reentered the atmosphere, the first main fleet made an attempt to intercept. Although according to the battle report released by the Republic Navy, in this battle that lasted only a few seconds, the new interception system on the Qin-class main ship shot down at least 60% of the cluster combs. However, based on more reliable information sources, especially the performance of the Qin-class main ship in the next few battles, there is reason to believe that the Navy deliberately exaggerated the results, and the interception rate was definitely less than 60%.

It should be around the world. This kind of exaggerated propaganda on the results of war is also a normal thing. Especially during the war, from the perspective of boosting morale and deterring the enemy, it is necessary to appropriately exaggerate the results of victory. If advanced protection technology is taken into account, especially technology that the enemy has not mastered, it is even more necessary to exaggerate the combat efficiency of a certain disclosed weapon system to match the results of war. From the actual situation, the "Qin"-level passive defense system must have a decisive effect.

Although the Republic's Navy did not announce how much the Qin-class armor protection system played, it can be seen from the subsequent battle that the additional gill armor share played a crucial role, because about 2 minutes after being counterattacked by the US military's first destiny, that is, about 2 minutes after the counterattack, 8 Qin-class main ships fired the third round of volleys of this battle. Then about the old minutes, that is, before volleys, the first main fleet carried out the last volley. From this, it can be roughly concluded that after being hit, the first main fleet did not lose its combat capability, and the eight main ships could continue to fight. Because the first main fleet was in the sky after, that is, in the early morning of May, it can also be inferred that the eight main ships could maintain at least the maximum navigation speed of the approximately quad, but were affected by combat trauma and could not continue to carry out combat missions. Otherwise, they would not return to Naba.

It can be seen from the battles in this column that the design idea of ​​focusing on protection is not wrong.

For warships with standard displacement of fields and towns, the share of gills is equivalent to 0 tons of billets. Under normal circumstances, the system specially used to improve armor protection capabilities on super aircraft carriers with standard displacement of 10,000 tons is less than four tons. This shows how important the protection quality of the storing is. In fact, the system used by the Qin class to improve the protection level and survivability is definitely more than that. Among them, the backup system of the continuous combat capability, especially after being hit, accounts for the disaster of the warship displacement, that is, about storing. In a large sense, the Qin class pays most attention to is not how to prevent being penetrated by shells, but how to continue to fight after being penetrated by shells, and preserve combat effectiveness as much as possible.

Of course, this design idea has both advantages and disadvantages.

From the perspective of negative impact, the most significant thing is to make the "Qin" class a simple "gunboat", that is, there is no other effective attack method except electromagnetic cannons.

This is also impossible. After the protection and survival system occupy too much share, it is necessary to ensure navigation speed, continuous combat capability and other tactical indicators, so that firepower can be sacrificed and the multi-purpose capabilities of the warship.

Before the "Yapu Naval Battle", no one was sure that this sword's design idea was correct, which could bring victory to the navy. In fact, even the Qin-level sergeant had been seriously affected by extreme design. It would not only restrict the combat use of warships, but also affect the combat effectiveness of warships.

It was not until the extreme design idea of ​​"Yapu Naval Battle."

Facts have proved that the Jigu design, which takes into account all the tactical performances, has made the eight "Long Beach-class main battleships of the first fleet extremely fragile and cannot withstand the test of war at all, and cannot shoulder the heavy responsibility of the main battleship.

When the first main fleet was hit, the first pilot fleet was also hit by the second round of artillery.

Compared with the first round of strikes launched by cluster sub-compartment bullets, the second round of strikes led by armor-piercing bombs is not as dense as it is, but it is even more shocking.

Theoretically speaking, "an armor-piercing bomb can paralyze the main battleship, and 2 to 3 armor-piercing bombs can sink the main battleship.

Although the actual combat situation is slightly worse than the theory. For example, when the Republic Navy tested the power of armor-piercing bombs, it used about an old armor-piercing bomb to sink the target ship used to imitate the "Qin-class battleship, but unlike the test, actual combat is more efficient, and mainly paralyzed enemies, rather than sinking enemies. To put it bluntly, as long as the enemy ship can be paralyzed on the sea, there is always a way to sink enemy ships.

According to this basic tactical idea, the shelling tactics are very clear.

Compared with the naval artillery battles that were more than four years ago, there is no essential difference in artillery battles in the Century Field era, but there are many more high-tech means.

Theoretically, without considering guided artillery shells, the probability of artillery battles is the case.

Of course, sometimes luck is included.

In short, as long as the shelling density is large enough, it will definitely be able to hit the target. Because in most cases, a large enough shelling density cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, during combat, the strike force must be used accurately and reasonably to increase the hit rate of the shells. Many years ago, this work was completed by the gun captains or other officers on the warship using the most primitive calculation tools. In the middle of the century, this work was handed over to the fire control computer on the warship, where the computer calculated the best shelling method.

Although the performance of a computer has an impact on the shooting hit rate, the impact is not very large, especially when the performance of the computer is so powerful that it can command fleet operations, commanding several electromagnetic guns to engage in artillery battles is naturally not a difficult calculation work.

After removing the probability factors, the most impact on artillery battles is ammunition performance.

Of course, ammunition performance refers not only to the power of shells. Relatively speaking, when the power of shells is large enough to destroy any large warship, power is already a secondary issue. What is important is how to exert its power and to key points.

This is the fuze technology of shells.

Some people may think that this is a big deal. With the technological level of the middle of the century, ammunition fuses are not considered high-tech products at all, and they have nothing to do with high technology.

This is not wrong, but how to use it correctly is a very critical issue.

Take the kilogram-level armor-piercing shell for example. This shell with a speed close to the Mach when falling, even if it is blocked, can penetrate all the old multi-layer decks of a large aircraft carrier, including the bottom of the ship, and fall into the seawater within about milliseconds. From this, it can be calculated that if it cannot be detonated within four milliseconds after hitting the target, even if the shock wave generated by the explosion in the sea can still damage the hull, it will not be serious enough to make the warship lose its combat effectiveness and navigation ability. Even if it is detonated inside the warship, because the loading of the armor-piercing shell is not large, the detonation position has a crucial impact on the power of the armor-piercing shell. For example, detonating in the hangar is not as good as detonating in the cabin, and detonating in the cabin is not as good as detonating in the aviation ammunition compartment. It can be seen that if you want to kill with one blow, you have to make a fuse on the shell so that the shell can detonate at the best position.

From the perspective of making full use of ammunition, we also consider how to make the shell pose a threat to the target without hitting the target. In fact, from the principle of action, because seawater is a liquid, and the compressibility of the liquid is very poor, it is an ideal medium for shock waves, so even if the target is not hit, it explodes near the target. It can also damage the target. To maximize the damage effect, the energy generated by the explosion must be concentrated in the direction of the target.

From the above, it can be seen that an advanced fuse is definitely a multiplier of the power of the shell.

The kilogram-class armor-piercing bombs of the Republic Navy use a kind of "intelligent fuze". According to relevant information released by the Republic Navy, this kind of armor-piercing bomb specially equipped for large-caliber electromagnetic guns has scene sensing capabilities, that is, it can choose the best working mode according to the environment. If you analyze it from a technical perspective, there must be few people who can understand it. Give a few simple examples to illustrate the problem. When dealing with large targets such as aircraft carriers, main ships and cruisers with displacement above Litun, the intelligent fuze will cause the shell to be close to the bottom of the ship, or detonate when it penetrates the bottom of the ship, that is,

If you can directly hit the target's waterline, if the target's keel can be blown off, you can sink the target in one fell swoop. When dealing with small targets such as destroyers and frigates, as well as civilian ships with poor structural strength such as merchant ships, the intelligent fuse will cause the shell to explode inside the hull, producing the greatest damage effect. Try to kill the officers and soldiers on the warship and destroy the materials in the ship. If it does not fall on the warship, it falls on the sea near the warship, the intelligent fuse will choose the energy-gathering explosion mode, that is, by controlling the detonation order of the warhead loading, the energy generated by the explosion will be directed towards the warship, rather than towards the sea.

Of course, no matter how good the fuse is, the shells hit the target first, and at least the shells have to fall near the target to play a role. The first main fleet lasted for a second round of artillery attacks. It can be regarded as the first ** in this naval battle.

In this round of artillery attack, the six large-caliber electromagnetic guns on each "Qin" class main ship projected blades and kilogram-level armor-piercing shells at the fastest speed, and the ballistics of each armor-piercing shell were specially set. Because the electromagnetic gun is launched vertically, the shell is fired during flight, that is, after leaving the atmosphere and entering the outer space, the bomb-mounted computer controls the attitude engine according to the pre-set program to adjust the ballistics of the shells according to the pre-set program, and when it re-enters the atmosphere, the ballistic accuracy is more rigid. "The second time I repaired the shells in the forest, there will be no angle to face the old public training, and the ballistic correction data are all launched, that is, when the shells pass through the electromagnetic induction coil located at the muzzle, the fire control computer writes it to the bomb-mounted computer in electromagnetic induction.

It can be seen from this that kilogram-level armor-piercing missiles are not truly unguided munitions.

In fact, no large-caliber electromagnetic gun shell is a purely non-guided ammunition. The problem is that these shells that use ballistic correction technology are at the end of the ballistic trajectory, that is, after reentering the atmosphere, they abandon guidance methods to avoid being affected by the enemy's forced electromagnetic interference system. In other words, ammunition that uses ballistic correction technology can only appropriately narrow the spread range of shells, and it is impossible to achieve accurate strikes, and it is even more impossible to adjust the ballistic according to the movement of the target. The efficiency of hitting moving targets will definitely not be much higher.

From what was mentioned above, we can see that in the second round of strikes, each "Qin"-class battleship projected a shell to the target.

How high are these shells hitting rates?

According to the combat records of the US Navy, at the point, the eight main battleships of the first descent were hit by the second round of artillery fire. In the next approximately, within minutes, the eight main battleships were hit in total, and there were about the eight near-burst loss that caused damage to the battleship. From this, it can be concluded that the second round of artillery shelling of the first main battleship, the Qian-class main battleship, was less than the courtyard, and even if the near-burst loss, there were only two nephews.

There is no doubt that Sun Dan’s hit rate is not high, but it is still very low.

That's exactly that. After being attacked by the second round of artillery, not only did the eight main battleships of the Hungarian Fleet not only did not sink, but they had lost their navigation ability and were still turning south.

Affected by this, the female Qin-class battleship of the first main fleet only carried out the third round of artillery attacks.

Compared with the second round of artillery, the firing time was only seconds. Because it was too close to the second round of artillery, the accelerator of the electromagnetic gun had not been completely cooled, so it could not reach the maximum rate of fire. It could only project shells at the speed of a minute blade, that is, the battleships cast mortar-piercing shells at the Japanese mark.

Relatively speaking, the results of the third round of artillery bombardment are more ideal.

According to the US military's combat records, in this round of artillery shells, the female "Long Beach" class main ship was hit by a total of 1.1 shells, that is, the average hit rate was above the slightest, which was about twice that of the second round of artillery shells. Including Hua, which was nearly missing, the average hit rate was around the Soul.

Of course, the increase in the hit rate of the third round of artillery bombardment has a lot to do with the fact that the "Long Beach" class battleship was severely damaged. Not only did the navigation speed drop to the mouth joint, but even the steering maneuver became less flexible.

In other words, if there were no results obtained from the second round of artillery bombardment, there would be no results of the third round of artillery bombardment.

By this time, the battle can basically be declared over.

According to the US military's combat record, before 50 minutes, that is, after the third round of artillery, the "Long Beach" class not only completely lost its combat effectiveness, but also lost its navigation ability. Only the server can control the thruster to sail at a speed of less than 4 knots with its remaining attitude. In addition, they are paralyzed on the sea. Because the "Long Beach" class, like the "Qin" class, adopts an unstable structure. In a static state, the warship's draft is larger and the hull is not stable, so it is difficult to control the inlet volume. In addition, the main power system is paralyzed, so it is impossible to discharge it into the hull.

The sea water. What's more terrible is that the power of the sacrificial kilogram armor-piercing bomb is enough to make any leak-blocking equipment that can be controlled by manpower become a decoration, so the US military officers and soldiers cannot prevent the sea water from pouring into the warship from the damaged area, and it cannot prevent the warship from sinking. It can be said that as long as the first main fleet of the Republic's Navy is still active on the battlefield, that is, the escort warships in the first descent fleet cannot approach the heavy-hit battleship when threatened, and cannot help the main ship stop loss. The eight "Long Beach. class main ships will definitely sink, and will definitely sink before dawn.

It was in this case that the First Main Fleet conducted its fourth time before 2 a.m., and it was the last shelling of this naval battle.

Many people think that this is the tradition of the Republic's navy, that is, to take action. In fact, any navy has such a tradition. In any case, only enemy ships that sink to the bottom of the sea are enemy ships without threats.

The problem is that, in the situation at that time, if the first main fleet was simply "ruthless" and the first main fleet should have shelled the escort warships in the first destined fleet, rather than the eight main ships destined to sink. In other words, the first main fleet shelled the first main fleet again, which must have other reasons.

There is only one reason that can be found, that is, the first main fleet will not wait until dawn to return.

Although some people linked the rapid retreat of the first main fleet with the air threat that was close to the close. Some people even believed that this was related to the sea strike capability of the first main fleet escort warships of the first main fleet. After all, the US attack fleet would definitely come quickly. The first main fleet has thousands of heavy anti-ship missiles and long-range cruise missiles with sea attack capabilities on many escort warships, which can pose a huge threat to the first main fleet. However, according to the situation at that time, the "Hainan Island" and the "Taiwan Island" maritime bases are nearby, and hundreds of air combat aircraft are deployed, so it is difficult for the US Navy's aviation force to threaten the first main fleet process. The first task of the first main fleet escort warship is to protect the main fleet, rather than to fight with the first main fleet instead of replacing the main ship with the first main fleet. There is no reason to stay and serve as the first main fleet after the main ship is hit by a devastating blow.

More importantly, the first main fleet has two tasks.

As mentioned earlier, in addition to facing the First Descendant Fleet, the First Main Fleet should also participate in the combat operations against Tinian Island when conditions are ripe. The conditions mentioned here are ripe. There are only two situations: one is that it does not have a decisive battle with the First Descendant Fleet, and the First Descendant Fleet did not appear in the waters near the Mariana Islands, and the other is that it still has sufficient combat effectiveness after defeating or annihilation of the First Descendant Fleet.

It can be seen from this that there is only one reason why the first main fleet retreated voluntarily, that is, it is that it cannot continue to fight.
To be continued...