Chapter 51: The changing situation
Although the initial stability of Malaya was largely based on the powerful violent machine controlled by the government, this stability is indeed very meaningful. First, the relative stability of the social environment actually ensured that the rapid economic development was promoted, allowing the Malay government to accumulate a considerable amount of wealth in a very short time, and implement policies for welfare of the whole people, greatly improving people's living standards, forming a virtuous cycle of social stability and economic development; second, it deterred and subdued the uproar of the Malays, forcing the Malay political parties to change their thinking, and had to give up the stupid way of armed confrontation, and instead seek a peaceful and legal way; third, it calmed the hearts of a large number of Chinese immigrants and allowed them to integrate into Malaya as soon as possible. The government's efficiency, integrity, pragmatism and thoughtfulness allowed them to devote themselves to the work of building their new homes.
Time flies, and it is New Year's Day in 195. In his New Year's Day greeting to the people of Malaya, Wu Ming reiterated the policy of the country's policy of peace, development, and making all people live happier. He also expressed the government's determination to unify Malaya in a firm tone, urging a small group of separatists on Kalimantan to recognize the situation and turn back. He also warned some hostile countries not to interfere in the internal affairs of Malaya, otherwise they would be hit by the Malayan National Defense Force.
This signal is very obvious. There is no other country that may interfere in the Malayan military operations except Indonesia, which has always opposed the establishment of the Malayan Federation and has always adopted a confrontational policy.
The Malayan Defense Forces had now expanded to have powerful armed forces of 100,000 Army, 5,000 Air Forces, and 8,000 Navy. With the assistance of the United States, all of them were replaced. Although the navy and the air force were established for a short time and were relatively weak, in Southeast Asia, strength was already the most powerful military. Compared with the wars in other countries, the development of the Malayan Army's strength has indeed been eye-catching in a year.
After the New Year's Day holiday, the Malayan government formally applied to join the United Nations and requested war compensation to Japan. At this time, Wu Ming began to devote most of his energy to the construction of the army, including military exercises, the three armies of the land, sea and air to coordinate operations. The army began to gather on standby on the South Coast and Singapore, and there was a tense atmosphere of preparation for war.
Although Indonesia declared independence on August 17, 1945, wars have continued in recent years and the situation has not been optimistic.
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its surrender. On August 17, the leader of the national independence movement, Sukarno and Hada signed the Declaration of Independence, proclaiming Indonesia's independence and establishing a republic. Indonesia began the August Revolution. The next day, the leaders of various Indonesian political parties and societies convened the "Indonesia Preparatory Committee for Independence". The constitution of the Republic was passed and Sukarno and Hada were elected as the chief and vice president. Subsequently, the British army landed in Java in the name of accepting the surrender of the Japanese army and then occupied Jakarta, Bandung and other cities. With the support of the British, the Dutch-Indian colonial government in exile in Australia returned to Indonesia in early October. After the Dutch-Indian colonial army, which was originally detained by the Japanese army in concentration camps, they formed the "Dutch-Indian coalition", and they worked together with the Dutch-Indian army from Europe to restore colonial rule.
In order to force the Indonesian government to surrender, the Dutch colonists launched the first colonial war in July 1947. The United States used the United Nations to intervene in the Dutch-India conflict. With the mediation of the United States and other countries, Indonesia and the Netherlands signed the Renville Agreement on a US transport ship anchored in Jakarta in 1948. The agreement stipulates that the two sides cease fire on the spot; a referendum was held in some places in the Dutch occupied areas to determine whether to return to the Republic of Indonesia or directly participate in the Indonesian Federation; before the establishment of the Indonesian Federation, the Netherlands continued to exercise sovereignty in Indonesia. In this way, Indonesia's most prosperous areas, including most of Java Island, part of Sumatra and Madrada were all occupied by Dutch colonists. In December 1948, the Dutch colonists launched the Second Colonial War and captured the temporary head of the Republic of Indonesia.
Government leaders such as Yogyakarta, Sukarno, Hada were captured. However, the Indonesians organized guerrillas to continue to fight against the Dutch colonial army. Due to the prolonged war, the Dutch casualties and military expenditures increased day by day. The United States took advantage of the increasingly difficult situation in the Netherlands to put pressure on the Netherlands through the UN Security Council. In May 1949, the Netherlands and Indonesia signed an armistice agreement. In November, the Roundtable Agreement stipulated that the Republic of Indonesia and the 15 puppet states established by the Netherlands in Indonesia formed the "Federal Republic of Indonesia", which together with the Netherlands, the Dutch Suriname and Curacao formed the "Holland-Indonesia Federation" headed by the Queen of the Netherlands; the Netherlands should hand over sovereignty to the "Federal Republic of Indonesia". However, many privileges in military, diplomatic and economic aspects were retained.
After the signing of the Roundtable Agreement, the Dutch army withdrew from Indonesia. In December 1949, the Federative Republic of Indonesia was established, Sukarno became president and Hada served as prime minister. In the same month, the Netherlands handed over "sovereignty" to it.
Sukarno proposed the cooperation of nationalism, religion and communism at home. He adopted a joint and restrictive policy against the Indonesian Communist Party. He divided the right forces and tried to balance the forces of the left and right factions and strengthened his own dominance. The Indonesian Communist Party took advantage of this favorable situation in the country to step up the expansion of influence, strengthen its strength, mobilize the masses to participate in the military training of volunteers, actively participate in the struggle against Malaya, and suggested that armed militia be formed as the fifth military to be incorporated into the Indonesian armed forces to deal with the threat of imperialism. Sukarno not only agreed with the Indonesian Communist Party’s proposal to establish the Fifth Military Farm, but also further proposed the establishment of the “Nashagong Advisory Committee” in the army.
Because of this, Indonesia has been hostile to the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries. It has expressed support for the military action to unify the territory that Malaya will take, and hopes that Malaya can play a greater role in curbing Indonesia.
Just as the Malayan government was about to be ready and the war of unification was about to begin, another major event that affected the international situation happened again.
February 9, 1950 is the birthday of Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States. On this day, in this year's poll, Senator McCarthy, who was named the "worst senator" of the year, threw a bombshell. He delivered a speech entitled "The Communist Party of the State Department" at the Republican Women's Club in Ohio County, claiming that he had a "list of 205 people" and "all of them are members of the Communist Party and the spy network." "The Secretary of State knows that these people on the list are Communists. But these people are still drafting and formulating the State Department's policies." McCarthy's speech was like a bolt from the blue, causing an uproar in the United States. McCarthy, who had previously been walking on thin ice, became a political star in the country overnight.
After Huilin's speech, McCarthy flew to Salt Lake City, Utah and Renault, Nevada, to repeat his speech in Huilin. Slightly different, McCarthy was waving a small piece of paper in his hand, which was the so-called "spy list". On February 11, McCarthy, who was so proud, called President Truman and asked them to make a public statement on his speech. After receiving the call, Truman was so angry that he brought back his pen and wrote back: "I am sure that the people of Wisconsin are extremely regretful. Their representatives are actually a person who is not responsible like you." However, after writing the letter, Truman did not send it out, but included it in "archive". He also instructed Secretary of State Assistant Prifoy to call McCarthy, hoping that he would "publish the list."
McCarthy, who was happy, ignored Truman's inquiry and set off waves of so-called "waves of exposing and investigating Communist activities in the US government" in the Senate. McCarthy even used the excuse that someone in the Truman administration secretly "inciting the Soviet Union", "betrayed Chiang Kai-shek's group", "helped communism", and called the 20 years of the Democratic Party's rule "20 years of treason", and pointed the edge directly at the Truman administration.
"It's bad, this damn McCarthy will mess up the international situation." Wu Ming slapped the newspaper on the table in the office and cursed angrily.
"It's not particularly serious yet, but McCarthy represents a wide range of political alliances of conservative and xenophobic groups in the entire American society. I'm afraid no one can escape their attacks." Zhao Xiao said with a frown.
"The impact on our country's diplomacy is still unclear. But we still need to be prepared to respond." Foreign Minister Zheng Pingru said: "Now anti-communist will become the only choice of the US government, and contact and temptation with the CCP will end."
"I want to talk to President Truman on the phone and express concerns about this. The United States may move towards American fascism. I also want to remind him that in terms of American foreign policy, is the president's power or McCarthy's power? If this infamous McCarthy continues to toss, the Republican Party will become half of McCarthy and half of Truman." Wu Ming pondered for a moment and continued: "In addition, Apple informs diplomatic institutions stationed in the United States to pay attention to changes in attitudes towards Chinese in the United States and report them in a timely manner."
The situation was developing much faster than Wu Ming and others expected. The activities of McCarthy's subcommittee on Investigation of Non-US Activities are becoming more and more rampant. McCarthy delivered the longest speech in his life at the State Department, directly accusing the Truman government of the important foreign policy maker, who served as the special envoy to China, Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense. General George Marshall, who was called "the greatest figure today" by Truman. In this speech of more than 60,000 words, he placed the charges of "traitors" or even "murderers" on Marshall, saying that he strongly opposed the opening of a second battlefield in the Balkans during World War II, so that the Soviet Union arrived in Eastern Europe before Western allies;
At the Erta Conference, he deceived Roosevelt and made the Soviet Union profit in territorial areas. During his tenure as President Truman's special envoy to China, he secretly supported the Communist Party and "betrayed the Kuomintang"; during his tenure as the State Council, he formulated policies against Chiang Kai-shek's group, "helped the Communist Party of China to gain power", etc. At the same time, he was criticized by McCarthy, including Irving Latemore, Fairbank, Xie Weisi, Kerrub, and then Secretary of State Achison. In McCarthy's unwarranted accusations and abuses, Marshall had to voluntarily resign and return to the farm in Risburg, Virginia to retire.
Recalling Stuart and withdrawing all diplomats, a series of actions by the US government have brought Sino-US relations into a freezing period.
"The historical trend is indeed not something that individuals can easily shake." Wu Ming sighed: "However, we are imperative to Indonesia's military operations, and the time is ripe, which is particularly beneficial to us."
The ripe time mentioned by Wu Ming refers to a series of events that occurred after Indonesia established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on April 13, 1950.
First of all, the conflicts between Indonesia and Britain and the United States further intensified, and the tone of anti-imperialism in Indonesia gradually increased, and then developed to sending armed personnel into North Kalimantan and other places to openly support Malay insurgents. In order to support Malaya, the United States quickly drove its Seventh Fleet into the Indian Ocean to cruise Indonesia, and then announced the cessation of economic aid to Indonesia. President Sukarno declared that "the Seventh Fleet could not scare Indonesia" and "Let your (US) aid go to hell!" Then he took over US-funded enterprises, closed the US News Office, drove the US Peace Corps, and publicly announced his withdrawal from the United Nations that the United States manipulated at the time.
Indonesia's actions involve bilateral relations with Malaya, and also involve Britain and the United States' sphere of influence in the region, and did not receive widespread international sympathy. Indonesia mainly hopes for China's support and assistance. The Indonesian Communist Party attaches great importance to this struggle and actively supports it. The separatist forces in North Kalimantan also supported and participated in the struggle. China was in a quarrel with the United States at that time, and based on its consistent support for the democratic revolution of Asia, Africa and Latin America, agreed to the view of the Indonesian Communist Party on the Malaysia issue, and supported Indonesia's anti-American position and the struggle against Malaya, thus making China-Indonesian relations increasingly close. The two sides actively expanded economic and technological cooperation and trade, and strengthened military exchanges. China agreed to provide Indonesia with the weapons needed to form a militia for free. China and Indonesia supported each other and coordinated their actions in the struggle against imperialism and colonialism, and were temporarily exaggerated as the "Beijing-Jakarta axis" internationally.
Chapter completed!