Chapter 127 The lingering haze of war (1)
When news of another coup in the Ottoman Empire came, Natsuki and his family were enjoying a New Year's hot spring trip in Baden-Baden, Germany. Before that, the Ottoman government had just signed an armistice agreement with Bulgaria and Serbia, and the dawn of peace had returned to Europe. This coup initiated by young Turks once again made the Balkans cloudy again.
(The Joint Progressive Committee, led by the Youth Turkish Party, has been in charge of the domestic regime since the Revolution in 1909. In July 1912, due to the Ottoman army's consecutive defeats in the Italian-Turkey War, the pro-British Free and Harmonious Party members launched a coup to drive the Youth Turkish Party out of the Taiwan Strait. In January 1913, Enver, the important leader of the Youth Turkish Party, returned to Constantinople. He led his supporters into the chamber and killed the Military Minister Nazim Pasha on the spot, forcing the Kamil Pasha government to resign and restore the Young Turkish regime)
A few days later, Envel, the "Turkish hero" who successfully led the coup, secretly arrived in Baden-Baden and was personally received by German Emperor William II. During the period from 1909 to 1912, the Young Turkish Party maintained close ties with Germany and the political support of Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the Italian-Turkish War and the First Balkan War. Envel, who became an important role in this coup, served as a military officer in Germany from 1909 to 1911. He was impressed by the German work efficiency and iron discipline. Therefore, he advocated moving closer to Germany in political and diplomatic terms and establishing a new German army in Turkey. During the Italian-Turkish War, Envel also volunteered to go to the North African front to command the Turkish army, organizing defenses outside the city of Cyrenega until the armistice, and was generally considered a capable organizer and wise commander.
Although he did not participate in the secret talks between Enver and German Emperor William II, Natsuki soon learned the main content of the secret talks from Crown William. The Ottoman Empire will launch a counterattack against the Balkans with the political and military support of Germany. In order to help the Turkish army win, Germany will urgently provide a large number of weapons and ammunition and dispatch a group of senior officers. They are still nominally military advisers, but unlike before, they will directly participate in the military command of the Turkish army this time.
Soon, William II selected one of the generals who voluntarily registered as the leader of this special advisory team. He was Otto Liman von Sanders, who was in power in the Near East and West Asia fronts in the future, causing the Allied Team to suffer a lot.
Looking at the history of World War I, General Envelle and von Sanders can be regarded as important figures in the Allied Front. The former is a controversial figure with outstanding merits and demerits. They are both blood debts from the Armenian massacre and the merits of the Battle of Gallipoli. They are regarded as national heroes by the Turks and are still respected by the Chinese people decades later (the state funeral was held when the body was transported back to Turkey); the latter is very successful in the military field. He not only helped the backward Ottoman army to carry out modernization, but also became the actual commander of the German-Turkish coalition during World War I. He defeated the Allied coalition in Gallipoli, and later resisted the Allied team's attack on the Palestinian front, and enjoyed a good reputation in both Germany and Turkey and even their opponents.
Unfortunately, as a navy pride, Xia Shu rarely had any intersection with Enville and General Von Sanders. Shortly after the signing of the secret agreement between Germany and Turkey, Fatih Pasha also came to Germany. After three important coups (revolutions), the son of the former Sultan not only did not suffer bad luck, but instead rose step by step with his ability to get along with his ability to do everything. This time he became the chief of the naval staff of the new government. In Xia Shu's opinion, his military ability is not as good as that of an ordinary graduate of the Kiel Naval Academy!
It is not scary to have no talent, but what is scary is that there is no self-knowledge. Fatih knew his own weight and knew that senior generals of the Ottoman Navy were mostly mediocre talents who took office with their family background and boasted about their prominence. With the current situation of the Ottoman Navy, backward equipment technology is not the most deadly restriction. Officers cannot command, sailors do not know how to operate, everyone was wasted time, and their courage approached zero. The negative factors of people are the key issues that led to the demise of the Ottoman Navy!
To make a difference in the war against the Balkan countries, the Ottoman Navy first needed a group of commanders with modern military literacy.
During the Italian-Turkish War, Natsu and Fatih had a win-win cooperation. This time, they could also use the Balkan war to train talents. However, the Ottoman Empire had previously handed over the order for the dreadnought to the British Vix Shipyard, which made Natsu. Since his old friend was already the core of the Ottoman Navy, and the new member of the shipbuilding alliance, Bremen Weisel Shipyard was able to build a dock for large warships, but he naturally made a request: the second dreadnought of the Ottoman Empire must be ordered from Germany.
In the Ottoman Navy, the influence of British advisers and instructors occupies a major position, just like German advisers and instructors in the Ottoman Army. In the six months when the Liberal and Conciliatory Party ruled, Britain's influence further increased. The coup of the Young Turkish Party changed the situation. The new Navy Minister and Fleet Commander were either pro-German or nationalists with no clear tendencies. Anyway, the previous dreadnought ship ordered from the UK only paid a deposit of 800,000 pounds, and it is still unknown whether it can raise the subsequent funds. The second dreadnought continued to order from the UK was only the intentional decision of the previous Ottoman government, and did not sign a binding agreement. Fatih then assured Natsuki that as long as he was in any day, the new warship ordered by the Ottoman Navy would never hand over the order to shipyards outside Germany.
After defining this commitment as a clause of the two countries' secret agreement, Natsuki reported his plan to Tirpitz and William II, which was to send a naval advisory team of staff officers, ship officers, and technical officers to the Ottoman Navy, and to assist a group of "Lightning" high-speed torpedo boats that had been included in the dressing plan to help them fight against the Greek fleet in the Balkan War, which was approved by the Navy's Secretary of State and the German Emperor.
After that, Xia Shu wrote to his friends, mobilized them to participate in the foreign aid operation, and specially recommended Von Kagenak to Fatih, his former classmate who served in the German Navy General Staff, who was quite accomplished in the field of tactical theory, but he still lacked the test of actual combat response. Although he was cautious about going to Turkey, Von Kagenak accepted a six-month expatriate mission out of Xia Shu's new appointment, during which time he served as special military adviser to Fatih Pasha.
With the convenience of the two-way railway line between Berlin and Constantinople, German military aid was quickly transported to Turkey. After several weeks of military preparation, the new Ottoman government of the ambitious Ottoman refused to fulfill the previously reached ceasefire conditions, and the Balkans wars rose again.
With the help of the German Affairs Advisory Group, the Ottoman army formulated a detailed combat plan before the war, concentrated reinforcements recruited from various places near the capital, and first launched a counterattack from the Bulgarian army that threatened Constantinople, launched a counterattack with superior forces and artillery fire, and maintained a defensive position in the southern Balkans; the Ottoman Navy formed an artillery fleet with the Brandenburg-class battleships "Barbaros Sea Reading" and "Turgitras", sailed out of the Dardanelles under the cover of torpedo boats and submarines, and carried out artillery on the coastal areas occupied by the Bulgarian army. The armored cruiser "Hamidih" went deep into the Aegean waters under the command of Captain Raov, attacking and capturing Greek supply ships.
In the first two weeks, the Ottoman army won victory on the Eastern Front, forcing the Bulgarian army to retreat to the border when the war broke out. The armored cruiser "Hamidikh" sank three Greek ships in the waters near the Halkidji Peninsula in the northwest of the Aegean Sea, and then moved to the eastern coast of Greece to attack Greek cargo ships and fishing boats. The dispatch of the "Balbaros Sea Reading" and "Turjitres" also terrified the Balkan alliance. Although the Greek Navy claimed to have 5 ships.
The battleships were in service, but the two were 2,000-ton shore defense battleships built in the 1860s, and the three were 4,800-ton old battleships built in the late 1880s and early 1990s. Together, they could only barely compete with the two Brandenburg-class battleships. The Ottoman torpedo boats that severely damaged the Italian fleet in the Italian-Turkish war appeared together, causing the Greek Navy to lose the courage to fight head-on. Affected by this, the sea transportation of the Balkans tended to stagnate.
However, the guidance of the German Advisory Group is often difficult to implement by relying solely on military personnel and equipment. After receiving reinforcements from the Serbian army, the Bulgarian army gradually stabilized the eastern front near Thrace. Several rounds of attacks of the Ottoman army ended in vain. In the southern Balkans, the Negoro coalition forces in Scudet, Serbia, and the Negoro coalition forces forced the Ottoman army, who had been besieged for several months. Soon, the Balkan coalition gathered heavy troops in Thrace, severely damaged the Ottoman army in front of them with well-trained artillery units, and then launched a counterattack on the entire line. A few weeks later, the coalition forces captured Adrianburg, the important stronghold of the Ottoman army, and approached Constantinople again.
Seeing that there was no hope of victory, the Ottoman government had to seek peace again. By the end of May, the Ottoman Empire signed the "London Peace Treaty" with the Balkan Alliance, and the First Balkan War officially ended. Except for the preserve of Constantinople and a small piece of land nearby, the rest of the Ottoman Empire in Europe was ceded to the Balkan Allies. In order to suffer such heavy losses, the Ottoman Empire was like a crumbling old tree. Few people thought that such a painful defeat caused this feudal empire that lasted for more than 500 years to usher in the reform of the dead tree. The ruling young Turkish Party learned from the mistakes and decided to fully imitate the German army in military and accept the reorganization of the German advisory group and matched with German military equipment, thus further moving closer to Berlin in politics and diplomacy.
With the signing of the formal contract, although the Balkan countries quit the war, the hidden danger of uneven distribution of spoils has been laid, and the contradictions in the interests of major powers are still prominent, which makes the Balkan Peninsula increasingly become a veritable "powder keg". In addition, in the Balkan War, people experienced the power of various new weapons and new technologies, the range and rate of artillery fire were greatly improved compared with the past. Machine guns showed lethality no less than artillery, and forced the army troops to switch to evacuation formations in the attack. In addition to aerial reconnaissance, aircraft are also used to carry out bombing. The use of military technical equipment such as armored vehicles and radio is bringing a tactical innovation. The side that can draw experience from it and predict the direction of the development of war technology will inevitably gain the lead in the next war, and those who are deaf and self-supporting will pay a heavy price for their slow reactions.
Chapter completed!