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Xu Shu-Simplified Historical Biography

Shan Fu's original name was Xu Shu. When he was young, he loved Ren Xia fencing. Later, he became a disciple of the Central Plains. He lived in Jingzhou due to the wars in the Central Plains and was friendly with Zhuge Liang, Sima Hui, Pang Tong and others. Later, Xu Shu served Liu Bei and recommended Zhuge Liang. During the Battle of Changban, Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao's army, so Xu Shu threw himself into Cao Cao and became the right general of the Censor General in Wei and the chief censor.

According to the description in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Xu Shu was originally named Fu, and was a child of the Shan family, so he was called Shan Fu, and later changed his name to Xu Shu.

Xu Shu-Biography of Concise Romance

Xu Shu loved fencing when he was young, and later went to study and traveled around the world. When Liu Bei was in Xinye, Xu Shu changed his rank to the Fu, and joined Liu Bei to serve as a military advisor. Xu Shu gave advice for Liu Bei, defeated Cao Kuang and Lu Xiang, defeated Cao Ren in the battle, and planned to take Fancheng. Soon, Cheng Yu, a counselor under Cao Cao, discovered Xu Shu's identity and claimed that Xu Shu was ten times more talented than him. Cao Cao wanted to win over Xu Shu, so Cheng Yu took Xu Shu's mother and used fake books to earn Xu Shu's surrender. Before leaving, Xu Shu "recommended Zhuge" to Liu Bei and vowed to "not set up a plan for life" in Cao's camp. Later, Xu Shu followed Cao Cao to participate in the Battle of Chibi. At the suggestion of Pang Tong, he took the initiative to ask for orders to go to Sanguan to defend Ma Teng and Han Sui, and escaped the fire in the Red Cliff.

Xu Shu's historical evaluation

Zhuge Liang: "Those who participate in the office gather the public to think about loyalty and benefit. If they are far away, they are difficult to contradict each other, and they will lose money. If they violate the situation and get the middle, they will still abandon the bad things and get pearls and jade. However, people's hearts cannot be overwhelmed, but Xu Yuanzhi is not confused." "In the past, Jiaozhou was pacified, and he heard about gains and losses many times. Later, Jiaoyuanzhi and later Jiaoyuanzhi, and he diligently saw Qi's teachings." "The Book of the Three Kingdoms, Jiu Donghe Biography".

Other information:

Xu Shu, whose courtesy name was Yuanzhi, was originally named Xu, and his name was Shu, and later changed his name to Shan Fu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was from Yangdi, Yingchuan (now Yuzhou City, Henan Province). A famous scholar of Yingchuan in the late Han Dynasty. After returning to Cao, he served as the Right General of the Central Army and the Censor Zhongcheng. Regarding Xu Shu, because the classic Chinese classic "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" had a wonderful description of him, the Chinese are well-known to him, and all women and children. Although many plots in the book are different from those of the official history, he served his mother filially and recommended Zhuge, but there are detailed records in historical records.

The heroes

Xu Shu's birth date cannot be verified because it is not recorded in history books, but according to historical records, he was born in the Jianning period of Emperor Ling of Han (168-172). When Xu Shu was young, he admired those martial arts heroes who hated evil and helped the poor and were determined to be a hero who stood up to the top. In order to realize this ambition, he learned from childhood, practiced martial arts skills, made friends with fellow knights, and discussed and discussed various schools of art. After he achieved success in his studies, he traveled around the world and did some heroes who eliminated violence and safeguarded the good, and helped the poor and the poor and did good deeds. Xu Shu quickly became a well-known young knight.

In the late years of Zhongping (188), a friend of Xu Shu was killed because of a grudge with a local bully. When he was helpless, he had to ask the young hero Xu Shu to avenge him. After accepting his friend's request, Xu Shu smeared his face with white chalk (sound è) mud and broke into the bully's home alone, stabbing the evildoer to death with one sword. Xu Shu was about to leave, but unfortunately he was surrounded by a large number of officials who rushed to the news. Because he was outnumbered, he was captured and the government attacked Xu Shu.

After a harsh interrogation, Xu Shu was unwilling to tell the truth out of the world due to moral integrity. He was afraid that his mother would be implicated, and despite being tortured, he refused to tell his name and identity. The government was poor and sent someone to tie Xu Shu to the pillar of the punishment cart, beat the drums and paraded the streets, asking the people to confirm his identity. The people felt that Xu Shu was chivalrous and righteous, and eliminated the local dominance, so no one came forward to identify him. The government had no choice but to do anything. Later, after Xu Shu's friends were responsible for their efforts, they finally rescued him out of prison.

Give up the martial arts and follow the literature

This incident caused a great shock to Xu Shu's thoughts. He realized that relying solely on his own strength was not enough to eradicate the injustice of the world and kill all the world. He also saw that the Eastern Han Dynasty became increasingly corrupt, and the princes were separatist, and the wars were rising everywhere. He was determined to abandon martial arts and follow the literature, master the ability to govern the country and use military force, and benefit the people of the world. Since then, Xu Shu bid farewell to the martial arts friends, abandoned swords, guns, swords and halberds, and devoted himself to studying and studying.

When he entered the school, his classmates learned that he had violated the ban by martial arts and were unwilling to interact with him. Xu Shu didn't mind this, and he still did his own thing and devoted himself to his studies tirelessly. Because he was diligent and talented, he made rapid progress in his studies. In addition, he was loyal, sincere, open-minded and generous, so he quickly gained the understanding of his teachers and classmates. During his studies in the school, he was like the same interests as Shi Tao and Shi Guangyuan from the same county and became close friends.

During the Chuping period of Emperor Xian of Han (190-193), the Han Dynasty declined, and the powerful ministers dictatorships, and the heroes of the Central Plains emerged and fought in a row. In order to avoid the war, Xu Shu and Shi Tao moved south to Jingzhou. In Jingzhou, Xu Shu met Cui Zhouping, Meng Gongwei, Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and others who lived here. In his interactions with Zhuge Liang, Xu Shu was attracted by Zhuge Liang's profound knowledge, superhuman insights, keen observation and judgment of the current situation and unique skills of governing the country and using troops. Zhuge Liang also admired Xu Shu's outstanding talent and noble character. The two met frequently, talked about the general trend of the world, rated the heroes at that time, and discussed the way to govern the country and use troops. Xu Shu praised Zhuge Liang as his famous prime minister Guan Zhong and the famous general of the Warring States Period, and believed that he was unquestionable.

Recommended talents

When Xu Shu was in Jingzhou, the governor of Jingzhou, Liu Biao, politely hired Xu Shu to serve as an official many times. However, Xu Shu thought that although this man was known as the royal family and was quite polite and respectful to the wise and nobles, he was indecisive in his bones. He knew that good things could not be performed, and evil could not be eliminated. It was just that he had a reputation for being a false name. Xu Shu refused to surrender. In the sixth year of Jian'an (201), Liu Bei, who was defeated in the Central Plains, came to surrender to Liu Biao. Liu Biao was suspicious and afraid of him and asked him to

Squaring troops to Xinye to resist Cao Cao. Xu Shu discovered through observation that Liu Bei had great ambitions, was extremely talented, and was able to treat his subordinates well. He was always welcomed. So he went to Xinye to meet Liu Bei. Liu Bei was deliberately making friends with knowledgeable people in the Jingxiang area, and was overjoyed by the famous Xu Shu coming to join him. Liu Bei valued Xu Shu's talents and character very much, and immediately left him in the camp and entrusted him with important tasks, allowing him to participate in the rectification of military affairs and train soldiers.

In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Liu Bei took advantage of Cao Cao's troops to attack Yecheng in Hebei and sent troops to plunder the land and went north to the vicinity of Ye County. Xiahou Dun, a general of Cao Wei who was left in Xuchang, led Yu Jin and Li Dian to resist. Because Liu Biao refused to send troops to help, Liu Bei had few weak soldiers and few generals to stop Cao's army. At this critical moment, Xu Shu suggested setting fire to the camp, pretending to retreat, and then sending Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others to ambush the Cao army to pursue the army. Xiahou Dun did not know that there was a fraud, and ignored Li Dian's dissuasion, and led light cavalry to pursue Liu Bei. Liu Bei's ambushing army launched an attack at the same time, besieging Cao's army, and Cao's army suffered heavy casualties. Liu Bei turned defeat into victory, and was shocked and calmly retreated and returned to Xinye.

Xu Shu's outstanding military talent made Liu Bei very happy and praised him for his talent as a king. Xu Shu was very humble and said that his talent was far from comparable to Zhuge Liang. He recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. In the past, Liu Bei had visited Sima Hui, the "Mr. Water Mirror" in Yangdi in Jingzhou, and Sima Hui also recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. Now seeing Xu Shu strongly recommend Zhuge Liang, he immediately developed the desire to recruit and recruit him. He wanted to entrust Xu Shu to represent him and hire Zhuge Liang for courtesy.

Shan. Xu Shu said tactfully, pointing out that Zhuge Liang had the ability to govern the world and ensure the country. He was known as "Mr. Wolong" and could be at peace with the world. He could not be invited rashly to this genius, so he suggested that Liu Bei go there himself. In order to seek hegemony and seek talent, he did not hesitate to surrender and visit the cottage three times. His pious heart finally moved Zhuge Liang, accepted Liu Bei's invitation, and came out of the mountain to assist Liu Bei in 207, thus laying the foundation for the three kingdoms.

The mother-in-law returns to Cao

In the 13th year of Jian'an (208 AD), Cao Cao led a large army to conquer Jingzhou. At this time, Liu Biao was dead, and his son Liu Cong surrendered without fighting. Liu Bei led more than 200,000 soldiers and civilians to retreat south. When Cao's army chased him to Changbanpo, Dangyang, Liu Bei was outnumbered and fled, and his baggage was lost. Xu Shu's mother was unfortunately captured by Cao's army, and was sent by Cao Cao to forge his mother's letter to summon him to Xudu. Xu Shu learned about this news and was in pain and said goodbye to Liu Bei with tears. He pointed at him.

He said to his chest: "I originally planned to work with the general to achieve great cause of kingship and dominance. He was only able to show his heart. Unfortunately, my mother was captured and was in chaos. Even if I stayed by the general, it would be useless. Please allow me to say goodbye and go north to serve my mother and mother!" Although Liu Bei was reluctant to let Xu Shu leave him, he knew that Xu Shu was a famous filial son. He could not bear to see his mother and son separate. He was even more afraid that if Xu's mother was killed, he would be charged with the crime of leaving the person's flesh and blood, so he had to cry and farewell with Xu Shu.

After Xu Shu went north to Cao, he was still very attached to his former lord Liu Bei and his good friend Zhuge Liang. Although he had outstanding strategies and talents, he was unwilling to give advice to Cao Cao and became enemies with Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. Therefore, Xu Shu spent decades in Cao Wei, but never made any achievements in politics and military affairs, and was almost unknown. This is what people often say, "Xu Shu entered Cao's camp without saying a word." During the Huangchu period of Emperor Wen of Wei (220-226), Xu Shu became the right general and the chief censor. In the third year of Taihe of Emperor Ming of Wei (229), Zhuge Liang went to Qishan three times and marched the Central Plains in the north. When he heard Xu Shu's experience of returning to Cao and entering Wei, he couldn't help but sigh for his friend's life.

Although Xu Shu had a tragic fate and a bumpy life journey throughout his life, he did not make any earth-shaking achievements in the end. However, he was loyal, honest, filial to his parents, and strongly recommended talents to be passed down to future generations.

Idioms

Xu Shu enters Cao's camp - without saying a word

Xu Shu's "Three Kingdoms" has no biography. Pei Songzhi's notes on "Wei Lue" records: "Shuxian's name is Fu, and he was a son of the Shan family. He was fond of Ren Xia. At the end of the Zhongping period, he once avenged people and was sent to the face of the Cretaceous face and was sent away. In order to obtain what he got, he asked about his surname and kept silent. The officials then set up pillars on the chariot to maintain his name and beat the drum to order him to the market. No one dared to know, but his party and his army usurped it and got rid of it. So he was grateful, abandoned his sword and halberd, and even broke his scarves and robbed them.

After celebrating knowledge, we first went to the temple. When the students heard that they were thieves before, they refused to stop with them. Fu was humble and got up early, often swept away, and they were predicated on movement and stillness, listened to and practiced scriptures, and were familiar with the principles. "After reading this record, we can know that the introduction of Xu Shusheng in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was taken from "Wei Lue", and the origin of the name Shan Fu undoubtedly originated from "Shuxian's name is Fu, and I was born in the Shan family". According to the description in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Xu Shu was named Fu earlier

, is a child of the Dan family, so it is called Shan Fu, and later changed its name to Xu Shu. However, this understanding is very wrong..." The two words "Shan Family" are definitely not the meaning of "Shan Family". The single character has four pronunciations, and when it is a surname, it is pronounced as "SHAN", and in general it is pronounced as "DAN". The word "Shan Family" is common in ancient books. For example, "Shu. Biography of Su Jun": "Jun originally used the Shan Family, gathering people in a turmoil." Pei

Song Zhi's notes on "The Three Kingdoms" quoted "Wei Lue" to describe the deeds of Xue Xia: "Xue Xia's name is Xuansheng, and he was a native of Tianshui. He was knowledgeable and talented. Tianshui had four surnames, Jiang, Jing, Ren, and Zhao, who were often recommended in the county, but Xia was the Shan family, and did not surrender to Qu. The four surnames wanted to govern them together, so Xia went to Yi and went to the capital east. "So the so-called "Xu Shu" in "Wei Lue" means that Xu Shu was born in a humble family and was not a high-ranking family. It is not that Xu Shu was originally a son of the Shan family.

Xu Shu, whose courtesy name is Yuanzhi, was an important counselor in Cao Wei. When Liu Bei was living in Xinye, he joined Liu Bei. In 208, Cao Cao went south and defeated Xinye. Xu Shu and Zhuge Liang were defeated by Cao Cao when they arrived at Changbanpo. Xu Shu's mother was also captured by Cao Cao. Xu Shu said to Liu Bei: "The only thing I can use to my talents is the small county in Xinye. Now Xinye is gone, and my heart is in chaos. My mother is at Cao Cao's place. Please let me go." After Liu Bei signed, Xu Shu went to Cao Cao. During the Battle of Red Cliff, Xu Shu was sent to guard Chang'an to prevent Ma Teng from Xiliang.

.After the Battle of Chibi, Xu Shu played a good role as a strategist and was deeply loved by Cao Cao. After Cao Pi ascended the throne, Xu Shu was one of the three dukes, and he had many ideas for Sima Yi during Zhuge Liang's northern expedition. In history, Xu Shu and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" wrote about two completely. The so-called "Xu Shu entered Cao's camp - without saying a word" was completely unfounded. Xu Shu not only did not say a word, but said a lot of words. Otherwise, he would never have been able to become the three dukes. If he did not say loyalty and righteousness, Xu Shu was really a good strategist.

According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu was better than the two Xuns, but in the [Romance of the Three Kingdoms], there were very few accounts of Xu Shu. He only said that he was Zhuge Liang's friend when he was a young man. Later, he followed Liu Bei, but he did not make any achievements. He only recommended Zhuge Liang as a merit. If he combined the statement in [Wei Lue] recorded in Pei's notes, Xu Shu's image would be even less complete: "Liang looked at his general principles alone. He was calm every morning and night, often hugging his knees and whistling, and said to the three people: "You three can go to the governor and the county magistrate." - In Zhuge Liang's eyes, Xu Shu's talent could only be the county magistrate and himself.

It was not of the same level at all. Later, Xu Shu was captured during the pursuit of Xiangyang, so he followed Cao Cao with his friend Shi Tao. In the end, he only became the chief censor, which seemed to have verified Zhuge Liang's comments. Therefore, some people believe that Xu Shu in history was a completely different ordinary person from Xu Shu in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, that is, there were no talent for Xun, Guo, and no ambitions. For Liu Bei's camp, there were actually not many people, not many of them. But if we read history carefully, we will find that this is not the case.

In the [Romance of the Three Kingdoms], it is clearly recorded that Xu Shu's ambition is "together with the general's pursuit of kings and dominance" - it is as lofty as Zhuge Liang's ambition. After following Liu Bei, he immediately received Liu Bei's valuation. This valuation was obtained before Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang, so Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. Later, when Zhuge Liang heard that Xu Shu only became the chief censor in Wei State, he sighed and said, "Which Wei Shu is so powerful! Why are the two of them not useful?", which is completely different from the evaluation when he was young.

A record in [Zizhi Tongjian] can further illustrate Xu Shu's position in Zhuge Liang's mind: "In May, Prince Chan ascended the throne, at the age of seventeen. He respected the Empress, and was resigned to the Emperor's Empress Dowager, and was renamed the Emperor Jianxing. Prime Minister Liang was appointed as the Marquis of Wuxiang and was appointed as the governor of Yizhou. All the political affairs were determined by Liang. Liang then made an appointment with official positions, compiled the law system, and sent a lecture to the people: "Those who participate in the office gather the public to think about it, and they will be loyal and beneficial. If there is a small dislike, it will be difficult to violate each other, and it will be damaged by the lack of confusion. If the violation is obtained, it will be obtained by contradicting the situation.

In the middle, he still abandoned his slight and obtained pearls and jade. However, people's hearts were not exhausted, but Xu Yuanzhi was not confused. In addition, Dong Yuzhai, the office of the government for seven years, did not come to the office, and as for the ten rebellions, he came to tell him. If he could admire Yuanzhi's eleventh year, the young master's diligence and loyalty to the country, Liang could have fewer mistakes." "Put Xu Shu, who had already served in Cao Wei at that time, was a model of noble morality and asked his subordinates to learn from him. It can be seen that in Zhuge Liang's mind, Xu Shu was not an ordinary person.

According to the statement in [Wei Lue], Xu Shu was a wild boy who fencing Ren Xia when he was young - perhaps a robber, who once avenged people (my understanding was to kill his enemies), and later he was short of knowledge. Then he should have been less than fifteen or sixteen years old when he abandoned martial arts and followed literature. At this time, Xu Shu, who had always been wild at this time, could ignore the eyes of his classmates who looked down on him because he was a thief, got up early, studied hard, and soon had deep attainments in his studies, so his ambitions and insights should be different from those of him.

Ordinary people seem to be people like Lu Meng who started learning in their prime. However, Zhuge Liang put him at the same level as Shi Guangyuan and Meng Gongwei, believing that he could only be competent for positions at the governor's prefectures and county level. If it is true, it may be because Zhuge Liang had a short relationship with him at that time, and Xu Shu had a short study time and was not very profound in his knowledge. Later, Xu Shu completed his studies and became more and more deeply in his relationship with Zhuge Liang, and his ambitions and moral knowledge were basically mature. In Zhuge Liang's eyes, he naturally was not "Wu Xia A Meng".

However, judging from the later situation when Xu Shu abandoned Liu and Cao, Xu Shu's ambition to "join the cause of kings and hegemony" with others may not be his ambition since childhood, but his ambition to learn after learning. As his knowledge grew, his ambition gradually became greater. However, because the time was still short and not very firm, because of his mother, he had to join Cao Cao, and Xu Shu was very indifferent to fame and fortune. Moreover, Cao Cao had many talents, and there was no suitable position for Xu Shu. Xu Shu's ambition was to share the cause of kings and hegemony with others, and he had to be in the position of different leaders to show his talent, which led to Xu Shu's final success only becoming the chief censor. In fact, Xu Shu was a great hidden hidden in the court at this time. If Xu Shu did not return to Cao Cao and continued to follow Liu Bei, his fame and fortune would not be lower than that of Zhuge Liang, and Jian Yong, and others, perhaps he could be on par with Fa Zheng and Pang Tong.

Xu Shu

When Xu Shu appeared, he claimed that his surname was Shan and his name was Fu. This is how "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was introduced. In fact, Xu Shu only changed his name and did not change his surname. "Wei Lue" said that he was "a son of the Shan family" and was born in Shanhan, not the meaning of a high-ranking family. It was interpreted as "son of the Shan family". The author of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" could not help but be righteous. This man was a young man, Ren Xia, who avenged others, was captured, and his accomplices made a big fuss in the court, and rescued him. From then on, he changed his purpose, studied hard, and met Zhuge Liang in Jingzhou. When Liu Bei was stationed in Xinye, he went to see Liu Bei and introduced Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei, so there was

The scene of "three visits to the cottage". He left Liu Bei and surrendered to Cao Cao, but it was not as glorious as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" said, and there was no "recommendation of Zhuge". He had long recommended Kong Ming to Liu Bei, not until he left. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" said that Cao Cao welcomed Xu's mother and asked Xu's mother to write a letter to summon Xu Shu. Xu's mother scolded and attacked Cao Cao. So Cheng Yu offered a plan and forged Xu's mother's letter to attract Xu Shu. In order to "loyalty and filial piety, Xu Shu had to say goodbye to Liu Bei and surrender to Cao. Here, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" created a Xu mother, who was upright and quite successful.

However, the fact is that in the 13th year of Jian'an, when Cao Cao conquers Liu Biao in the south, Liu Cong surrendered, and Liu Bei caught him off guard and goes south of Fancheng. Cao's soldiers chase him relentlessly. On the way, Xu's mother captured Cao's soldiers, so Xu Shu said goodbye to Liu Bei. He resigned Liu to Cao in order to "exert filial piety" when Liu Bei was in the most embarrassing time. "Recommend Zhuge" was added by the novelist to arrange the plot. In fact, Zhuge Liang had been invited by Liu Bei to come out of the mountain by Liu Bei.

"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" made Xu Shu show his side again during Pang Tongxian's series of schedules, which was added in a stroke, and there was no record of the official history. It was not mentioned afterwards. However, the official history said: When Emperor Wen of Wei (Cao Pi), Xu Shu was appointed as the Right General of the Central Army and the Chief Censor of the Censor. Zhuge Liang heard about this and said with emotion: "Did Xu Yuanzhi only become this official?" The implication was that he was wronged. However, other deeds were indescribable. Although "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" had some protection for Xu Shu, it arranged the plot of Xu's mother scolding her son and hanging herself. This was quite "Spring and Autumn style", not only for the image of Xu's mother. If Xu Shu didn't go to Cao, Xu's mother might not die. Because in Cao Cao's case, Cao Cao said that

At that time, he had to compete with Liu Bei and Sun Quan for the world. In order to collect talents, he refused to kill the mother of a person who worked under the curtain of his opponent to avoid arousing opposition from many people. He would rather treat Xu Shu's mother preferentially to gain the reputation of loving the virtuous. Chen Gong's affairs can also be proved: "The Three Kingdoms Biography of Lu Bu" records: "Taizu captured the palace and asked if the palace wanted to live a mother's daughter? The palace replied: "The palace heard that filial piety ruled the world and did not stop people's relatives, and those who be kind and dominate the world are worshipped by people. The old mother is in the palace, but not in the palace." Taizu summoned his mother to raise her mother to live and marry her daughter." Xu's mother's death was a creative arrangement by the author of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", and the meaning is profound.

The real destination of Xu Shu of the Three Kingdoms

Feng Chu taught Xu Shu in one word, just like a swimming fish taking off a hook. This is the moment when Xu Shu, a famous scholar in the Three Kingdoms, got rid of the Wei-Cao group and soared freely. Where did Xu Shu go in the era of chaos? According to existing information and legends, Xu Shu, who recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei, was famous for historic history, went to the area of ​​Hat Peak in Jiaonan, Qingdao after a trip.

As one of the few wise men in the early Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu played a very important role in the establishment of the Liu Bei dynasty. After becoming Liu Bei's military advisor, Xu Shu showed his talents and used brilliant plans for several months to kill Lu Kuang and kill Lu Xiang, break the eight-gate golden lock formation, defeat Cao Ren and take Fancheng, which changed Liu Bei's morale and military morale, and made Cao Cao's arrogance cold. He recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. Because his mother was held by Cao Cao and was forced to surrender to Cao, Xu Shu became the General of the Central Army and the Chief Censor of the Censor. But no matter whether it was

"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" or other historical books have not explained the place where this famous figure in the Three Kingdoms is. Did the author accidentally ignore such an important person, or did he consciously avoid it for some reason? We have no way to verify it. There are many different opinions about Xu Shu's place of visit. In the "Lingshan Weizhi" compiled by Jiaonan in recent years, a record of Xu Shu's legend of residence in Jiaonan in the "Lingshan Weizhi" compiled in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. There are still relics of Xu Shu's temple in Jiaonan's Hat Peak, and there are many legends about Xu Shu in Jiaonan.

The words start from the 13th year of Jian'an (208 AD): The three kingdoms are in a mess, and the lives of ordinary people are miserable; Liu Bei and his people cross the river and block the river; a fire in the Red Cliff, hundreds of thousands of soldiers were killed. Faced with the cruel reality, and his old mother was filled with hatred for his stupidity. Xu Shu was extremely sad and angry. Although he planned to get rid of the relationship between the Battle of Red Cliff, he was still full of thoughts. He had nowhere to vent his feelings, and he couldn't help but sigh to the sky: "My Xu, I have the intention to serve the country, but I can't help but sigh: "I, Xu, have the will to serve the country, but I can't turn the world back; I'm not loyal, unfilial, and I'm a minister." He was full of literary and military strategies and watched hundreds of thousands of soldiers die in the sea of ​​fire and cannot volunteer to rescue him, but he did nothing. When he recalled his vow of "a real man could not make achievements and achieve success, he almost corrupted with plants and trees" when he was young, and he felt ashamed and had no face to meet the world.

When he was young, he was ambitious and arrogant. He just wanted to find a wise ruler and be able to plan for the country. He could not only realize his lofty ambitions, but also do his wisdom to the ideal of "the world is determined and the sea county is pure" to curb the decline of the Han Dynasty, like the ancient sages Guan Zhong and Yan Yingren, who were famous for bamboo, silk, virtue and light, and plants. However, looking at the world's momentum at that time, it was already a stalemate. Although Cao Mengde defeated the Red Cliff, he had the time. Although this person was humble and accepted the warriors, he finally became a great strategist.

He is a hero who fights for power and profit. He uses the emperor to order the princes to build his own steps to the peak of power with the bones of millions of soldiers. He cannot support the power of the Han family and save the people from the war. Sun Lang lives in Jiangdong, takes up all the geographical benefits, and is also eyeing him, and it is inevitable that the war will start to set off. Xu Shu, who is discouraged, only he understands the sorrow in his heart. He is full of mixed feelings, his mind is full of thoughts of retreating to the world, and he hopes to return home.

The forest, the breeze swept the door and the bright moon sat at the time. When Cao Cao built the Tongquetai and waited for the lock of Erqiao, he was in high spirits. At this time, Xu Shu had changed his clothes and was in a state of disguise, avoiding the bustling city, and went all the way out of Sanguan, circled Chang'an, traveled to Songshan, and returned to Yingchuan. He worshiped Mount Tai, walked through Qingzhou, visited Penglai, and searched along the Bohai Bay. He stepped onto the Langya Terrace where Qin Shihuang took to worship three times, carved steles and praised eternal immortal medicine. He worshiped Emperor Shihuang, and Emperor Wu of Han came to Lang

The four seasons of the Lord of the Ya Temple visited the footsteps of his ancestor Xu Fu. Xu Fu was the representative and leader of the alchemist in Qi Township, while Langya was the most concentrated area with many people and strength. The leader of the alchemist in the same time as Xu Fu, An Qisheng, who was respected as a god by his descendants, was the "people from Fuxiangting in Langya" and had "talks for three nights" with Qin Shihuang. Perhaps, Xu Shu was attracted by the fame of Langya and the many "gods" of many "gods", and he also wanted to practice and become an immortal here.

He had just climbed to the top of Mount Tai to appreciate the heroic spirit of the mountains, and also stood on Langya Terrace to experience the heroic spirit of Qin Shihuang's rule of the world. Although Mount Tai was high, it was difficult to see the sea when watching the sunrise. When watching the sun on Langya Terrace, you can see the panoramic view of it rising from the bottom of the sea, which is even more magnificent. Standing on Langya Terrace, looking around, the surging sea is endless, and the sun is sunny day and night, making people feel refreshed. The clouds under his feet cover the sun and the water returns to the sound of nature; cranes dance on the pine waves, the water forests of Deer Youjian are shining, Dazhu Mountain, Xiaozhu Mountain, Shuling Mountain Island, and Zhaitang Island (the small island fasted for Qin Shihuang) are surrounded by the surroundings; watching the white dragon playing beach in Longwan, the mirages appear and disappear from time to time, all of this made him intoxicated and made him forget the bloody storm on the battlefield.

He arrived at Dazhu Mountain, which was across the sea from Langyatai. Dazhu Mountain was remote and deserted, with strange rocks and dependent on the sea and sky. Rabbits flew black, green trees became shade, pine waves roared, streams played with flowing water, white clouds danced with breeze. There were peaks on the mountain, called Hat Peak. The corners of the peak entered the sea. The tide surged, snow spread across the sea, the dragon owls and turtles lived, and the fishing reefs survived. The white sails were lonely and lonely, and the fairyland was a paradise of fairy families and a holy place for hermits. He chose Hat Peak to live in seclusion. On the Hat Peak covered with jade plates, there were wide sleeves and shirts, sword shadows were green. The red light of the alchemy furnace was shining, the cigarette smoke roared, the flute and the half-immortal body, Xu Shu had reached the state of selflessness. In the following years, villagers often saw a long-bearded hermit walking along the coast of Jiaonan.

He was Xu Shu, a military strategist who was tired of war and a social activist who retired to Hawkey Peak. According to the investigation of Qingdao Museum and Qingdao Institute of Social Sciences, Xushan (formerly from Jiaonan, now in Huangdao District, Qingdao City), which is not far from Hawkey Peak, was named after Xu Shu. It is said that during the Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu passed by Dazhu Mountain and lived in a cave on the west mountain for a night, so he called the mountain Xushan, which is Xu Shu. On the west slope of Niuwangmiao Mountain, there are two stone troughs several meters long, as thick as teacups and as ruts as bicycles. Locals say that this was the ruts that Xu Shu pressed down when he was pushing a wheelbarrow by. There is Xu Shu Cave on the east slope of Xushan. It was blown up a few years ago due to quarrying. There is only a large stone pit left, about 100 square meters.

Xu Shu used his profound knowledge and extraordinary wisdom to help the villagers. He knew astronomy and geography, and chose appropriate climate and seasons for fishermen to go out to sea to fish. He avoided the wind, eliminated the harm of the dragon, and used his magic to solve the problems of the people. He taught farmers to pick mulberry trees, cultivate grains, and maintain peace and prosperity. The villagers were all in trouble. He did a lot of good things for the local people, and also left many legends about him. There was also "Xu Shu's Forbidden Hat Peak" in Jiaonan.

A proverb. In the "Lingshan Weizhi", there is a legend about Xu Shu's activity in Jiaonan. He was regarded as a god by the villagers and was praised within a radius of hundreds of miles. Several years later, people built the Xu Shu Temple on the Hawkey Peak of Dazhu Mountain. Since then, the incense has continued and the worship has reached a level of fanaticism. There is nothing to ask for. Past fishermen and people from Jiaonan, Jiaozhou, Zhucheng, Gaomi and other places have all come to incense and respect it very much. Just like the southerners who go to sea to worship Mazu, people here go to sea to worship Xu Shu Temple.

The Xu Shu Temple was destroyed around the 1940s, and the foundation of the temple still exists. Many local residents still believe in Xu Shu. Whenever they go to the sea to pay homage to Xu Shu, they must first go to the Xu Shu temple site to pay homage to Xu Shu and incense on time. The legend of "Xu Shu never leaves Hat Peak" is well-known in the local area. Every day from the first to the fifth day of the first lunar month, people go to Hat Peak to pay homage to him in groups. Climbing Hat Peak in the first lunar month is a unique custom in Jiaonan. After the New Year's Eve dinner on the first lunar month, people nearby hold lanterns, firecrackers, etc. to climb to the top of Hat Peak. From a distance, they look like a winding fire dragon.

It is spectacular. "The Story of Hu's Family" says: There is Guziyang in the northeastern sea of ​​Lingshan. There are white winter flowers on the island, which can be handled. Those who are interested in the sea go to see him. When they meet an old man who arrives in a small boat, walking on a Taoist robe, and looks very ancient. He asked, "Where are you going?" He replied, "This is not a secular thing, you can stay with you for the winter." He also said, "There is a Taoist scholar Hu Yiyang, who is here to tell me about it." He said, "There is no more than a Taoist scholar in Jimo, and I will ask me for a question." The man was shocked and suspicious, so he climbed the raft. The strong wind suddenly rose and abandoned his gains. Later, he visited Hu Yiyang and told him about the matter. Hu Yiran said, "This was Xu Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, and he lived in Guziyang for a long time.

Jiaonan Hat Peak and Xu Shu of the Three Kingdoms

Hat Peak is located in Yuchi Village, on the southern foot of Dazhu Mountain in Jiaonan City, Qingdao. It is one of the many dangerous peaks in Dazhu Mountain, with an altitude of 223 meters. The peak is abrupt, steep, bulging and wide, and looks like a top hat (some say that it is often surrounded by white clouds, and it looks like a hat looking out of the distance). Hat Peak is tall and steep, and it is not easy to climb. When you climb to the top of the peak, you will suddenly feel like you are standing in the air, feeling refreshed. Standing at the top of the peak, you will see Lingshan Island in the east and Langya Terrace in the west.

Looking south at the sea, the north is upright, and the wall stands thousands of feet high, and the postures are numerous. The ancients left a poem like this: "Climb the Hat Peak by the victory, and the stones are high and thousands of times. The cliff steps are timid, and the narrow paths are rugged and unbearable. Looking east at Lingshan, the two peaks on the four sides of Langya. The north is connected to Zhushan Tongdong Mansion, and the south is facing the Yellow Sea. There is a fisherman in front of Xiangzi's gate, and the water outside Taolin Village is full of water." After investigation, Xu Shu of the Three Kingdoms once lived in seclusion in Jiaonan, and in the early years, he had Xu in Hat Peak.

Shu Temple. The temple is square, 3.5 meters on each side and 4 meters high, with flying eaves and brackets and green tiles covering the roof. It is a simple and elegant building. There is a clay statue of Xu Shu on the front of the temple, with incense tables in the middle, and murals painted on the walls. There is a pergola on the north side of the temple. It is said that it is where Xu Shu reads books and seas. The temple has long collapsed, but the foundation of the temple is still clearly visible. There are still several pillar holes with a standing pillar in the awning. Xu Shu lives in seclusion on the coast of Jiaonan

At that time, he used his intelligence and talent to do many good things for the local fishermen. In order to commemorate him, people built the Xu Shu Temple on Hat Peak. Now, although the Xu Shu Temple has collapsed, local people still have special feelings for Hat Peak, and the incense is constantly on Hat Peak. Every March and September, fishermen climb the peak to pray. Every Chinese New Year, people in nearby villages bring offerings and set off firecrackers to miss Xu Shu and pray for peace every year.

Song of Drum Zi, the Western White, Winter Flower (from Zhao Faxian, Qing Dynasty)

The silence of ice and snow is independent of the world.

In the empty valley, the cold power cannot be eroded.

The mist is accompanied by its secludedness, and the jade is chasing its virtue.

The frost moon fills the forest, embellishing the color of the universe.

Some guests came from the sea, and it was suspected that it was Xu Yuanzhi.

The clouds fall on the sky, and the sky is beyond reach.

Note: Guziyang is a small island near Lingshan Island. When the local poet of the Qing Dynasty wrote Xu Yuanzhi (Xu Shu) in his hand in the poem when he wrote the scenery. It can be seen that the legend of Xu Shu living in seclusion and moving in the Jiaonan area has been around for a long time and has been widely circulated.

Xu Shu's name: Yuan Zhidi: Yingchuan County, Yuzhou (now Xuchang, Henan) Official position: The right Zhonglang General Censor Zhongcheng Historical Censor Zhongcheng: Xu Shu was originally named Xu Fu, and was originally a child of a Hanwei family. (Note: The original text of "Wei Lue" "Shu Xian was named Fu, and was originally a Dan family", some people explained it as Xu Shu was originally a child of a Shan family, but the current mainstream theory interprets "Shan Family" as a family with a thin background and a humble family, so there is an explanation as in this article.) Xu Shu loved Ren Xia's fencing when he was young. He avenged people in the late Zhongping year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (around 189), with chalk on his face and fled with his hair.

Leaving, he was arrested by the officials. When the officials asked him for his name, he did not answer, so the officials tied him to a car and rode the drums in the city. No one who knew him dared to say it. Later, Xu Shu's companions came to rescue him and escaped. Xu Shu sighed that he was rescued, and since then he abandoned his sword and halberd, changed into a scarf and dressed in a single clothes, and turned to the school. When he started visiting the school, all the students heard that he had been a thief before, but they were not close to him. Xu Shu then put on a humble attitude and often got up early to sweep away alone, so that he could listen to the class and understand the principles. He had a good relationship with Shi Tao, who was in the same county. During the Chuping period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (190-193)

War began in the Central Plains. Xu Shu and Shi Tao traveled south together and lived in Jingzhou. After arriving in Jingzhou, Xu Shu was friendly with Zhuge Liang, Sima Hui, Pang Tong and others. During Liu Bei's stay in Xinye, Xu Shu went to see Liu Bei and was valued by Liu Bei. Later, with Xu Shu's recommendation, Liu Bei got Zhuge Liang. In 208, Cao Cao fought south, Liu Bei was defeated in Changban, and Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao's army. Xu Shu said goodbye to Liu Bei and pointed to his heart and said, "I originally wanted to work with the general to seek the cause of kings and dominance. It was a place of 100% for this. Now I have lost my mother and it is in chaos. It is useless to do anything. Please leave now."
Chapter completed!