Holding the note on the note, Xie Wanying continued to communicate with the teacher opposite: "Please leave a longer length of the vena cava blood vessel when trimming."

Oh oh oh. Ye Chuanguang heard something and said, "What technique are you planning to use? The children over you are nine years old and ten years old, right?"

Heart transplantation is divided into orthotopic heart transplantation and ectopic heart transplantation. Orthotopic heart transplantation is easy to understand. Remove the patient's diseased heart and put the donor's donor's donor's donor's donor's heart at the original heart. Ectopic heart transplantation does not remove the sick heart, but connects the donor's donor's donor's donor with the original diseased heart, which plays a role in supporting and assisting the diseased heart, which is equivalent to a pure biological heart assisting device.

Ectopic heart transplant surgery is rarely performed because there is no future. Generally, cardiomyopathy like Zhu Xing is at the end of the stage, and even if a cardiac assist device is used for transition, it cannot completely solve the root cause.

Heart transplantation basically revolves around an orthotopic heart transplant. Orthotopic heart transplantation sounds simple, just pick the patient's heart and replace the patient's heart. In fact, it is not easy to do.

There are eight blood vessels in the heart that need to be connected. The most difficult one is the pulmonary vein group of the left atrium. There are two upper and lower vascular orifices on both sides of the posterior wall of the left atrium and two upper and lower vascular orifices on the left pulmonary vein group and two upper and lower vascular orifices on the left pulmonary vein group. Do you think it is complicated enough?

Like the right atrium, it is not easy to have two anastomosis ports of the superior and inferior vena cava that need to be connected.

If you follow the above blood vessels honestly and connect them, it is called a full-hearted spell called a heart transplant surgery. This kind of surgery is the most complex and time-consuming. There are many stitches on the anastomosis, which means that the complications of anastomosis leakage are high. The principle of surgical surgery has always been that the simpler the steps, the better, and the fewer stitches, the better.

In order to save surgical time to protect the myocardium and reduce postoperative complications, the surgeon initially adopted opportunistic surgical methods to perform heart transplantation. The specific method is to remove the ventricles when the patient's heart is removed, leaving the left and right atrium of the recipient, and the donor atrium directly coincides with the recipient atrium, and directly avoid the complex connection between the left and right atrium multiple anastomosis. It is referred to as the double atrium method or the standard heart transplantation method.

In pediatrics, if the child is very young, especially if the blood vessels of the newborn are too thin, it is difficult for the doctor to do detailed sutures of multiple anastomotic ends with a magnifying glass. Of course, it is best to adopt the double-chamber method.

Other older children and adults rarely use the double-chamber method. The reason is that this surgery has a big disadvantage.

We know that the heart has a conduction system that allows the heart to beat rhythmically. The highest pacing point of this conduction system is in the sinus node, which mainly controls how many times a person's heart beats every minute. The position of the sinus node is just at the upper right atrium of the heart.

The double-chamber method leaves all the right atrium of the donor heart and the recipient, and becomes two sinoatrial nodes, which is equivalent to installing two engine control systems on the heart. If you say who the heart wants to listen to, do you want to be confused? You must be confused.

After seeing the disadvantages of this surgery, the surgeons later improved the surgery and developed the following most commonly used double vena cava method. In simple terms, this double vena cava refers to the anastomosis of the superior and inferior vena cava of the right atrium.
Chapter completed!