In my previous life, Malin mixed forum, and once saw such a set of data—
When facing the wind: the efficiency of the sail (using wind) is 65%, and the efficiency of the sail is 85%; when facing the wind: the efficiency of the sail is 45%, and the efficiency of the sail is 25%; when cross wind: the efficiency of the sail is 62.5%, and the efficiency of the sail is 62.5%; that is, when facing the wind, the efficiency of the sail is 30% higher than the sail. However, when facing the wind, the efficiency of the sail is 80% higher than the sail. When wind comes from the side, that is, when cross wind, the efficiency of the two sails is the same.
Nowadays, European ships are mainly popular in cross sails. If you use cross sails, it only takes more than a month to return to Port Emden from New York, North America because of the wind and the warm current of the North Atlantic Ocean. However, from Emden to New York, it takes more than three months to go from headwind and backward.
However, if it is changed to a brig schooner, the efficiency of the sail against the wind is 80% higher than that of the cross sail, and the speed is naturally much faster. It was originally more than three months from Emden to New York, but now it is estimated that it will take more than one and a half months to arrive in New York. This saves a lot of time.
Of course, under Marin's command, the ship still prepared cross-bars and spare cross-bars for cross-bars. In this way, if the wind is long (such as returning from New York), the crossbars are hung, mainly using cross-bars. However, if the wind is mainly against the wind or the wind direction is often needed (such as long-distance sails in the north and south directions), the crossbars are removed and the upper edge inclined sail is raised to make full use of the wind from all sides.
In this way, the ship has the ability to cope with the characteristics of different wind belts and sea areas. However, in summer when strong storms are prone to occur, the upper edge inclined sail is mainly used. Why? Because this kind of sail is easy to lift and lower. Once a big storm occurs, the sail can be lowered in time and quickly to avoid the storm.
In fact, in ancient times, if a Western-style cross-sailing boat suddenly encountered a storm, the probability of an accident was much higher than that of a Chinese sailing boat. Because Western-style cross-sailing boats were very troublesome, and sailors needed to climb up the mast and put away the sails from bottom to top.
But storms often come very quickly, and sailors sometimes encounter storms before they have time to climb up the mast. During the storm, the bigger the sail, the stronger the storm is. The larger the area of ​​the sail, it is easy to be swept by the storm, causing the ship to die.
Moreover, when the storm comes, it is often accompanied by heavy rain. Once it rains, the mast will become slippery. At that time, even if the sailor climbs the mast, it is very dangerous. If you accidentally fall off the high mast, you will fall and even die...
Chinese sailing boats are different because they raise the hard sails like raising the national flag. Therefore, if you encounter a storm, just ask the sailor to open the knot and put down the sails. Even in an emergency, you can cut the rope with one knife, and the hard sail will automatically descend. As long as the sail does not continue to open during the storm, the chances of the ships avoiding the storm will increase greatly. Of course, except for super storms such as typhoons and hurricanes...
The upper edge inclined sail that Marin made was also raised up the sail along with the upper edge inclined sail like raising the national flag. When encountering a storm, the sailors can untie the rope under the mast and lower the sail. Even if it is a knife to cut the rope off like the Chinese sail.
Therefore, schooners are much more capable than schooners to fight storms. As for the reason why the later Skuna sailboats (upper rim inclined flying truss sailboats) sank several ten ships because the speed of that kind of ship was too fast and there was no time to react. It can be seen that those sailboats often hit the reef and sank after encountering the storm.
In addition, those Skuna sailboats are too long, often one hundred or ten meters long. People run from the stern to the stern, and even if they run with all their strength, it will take more than ten or twenty seconds, not to mention sending the situation of the head of the ship back to the stern in time. Having avoided reefs is half the observation by the observer of the bow, and then sending it back to the stern by calling for relay.
But generally, the rudder and rudder are both at the stern part of the ship, and the captain is also at the captain's room above the stern. With a distance of more than a hundred or tens of meters, it will take some time for the captain to know what is happening in front of the bow without a walkie-talkie.
However, the skimming ship was so fast that it did not give the captain time to react. In addition, it took a while to send warnings to the stern from the bow of the ship that was more than 100 meters long. Often, the captain had to command the sailor to turn the steering wheel once again after receiving the previous report. However, it was fatal to delay it in just a few places...
Moreover, the fly-scissors are too thin, with an aspect ratio of 6 to 1 or more. In addition, those Skuna fly-scissors often have as many as six or seven masts. The boats are too exciting to sway left and right when they shake. In such a stimulating situation, the observers standing at the bow are often dizzy and inevitably make mistakes...
Of course, that was the case of a fly-scissor. The hull of Marin made was just the ordinary Garen ship. It was not fast and had few masts. When it came to things, it was easy to react and would not have time to hide from the reefs.
This new brig schooner uses the second-generation hull of the Type 250 armed merchant ship. The so-called second-generation hull of the Type 250 armed merchant ship is the hull that has been improved, and the aspect ratio has been increased from the original 3.5 to 1 to the later Galen ship standard of 4 to 1.
The first 250 armed merchant ships of Beihai Kingdom, the first 20 are old-fashioned hulls, all use a 3.5-to-1 aspect ratio. However, starting from the 21st ship, the 4-to-1 aspect ratio has been fully used. The 250 armed merchant ship with a 4-to-1 aspect ratio is also the so-called second-generation hull...
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The transformed second-generation 250 armed merchant ship had a maximum speed from eight or nine knots to 10 knots, reaching the normal standard of Galen ship. This time, the new double-brigged schooner was also used to use the second-generation hull of the 250 armed merchant ship, which is more flexible.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! Because of the extremely superior strong wind capabilities of the new brig schooner, and Marin has several colonies in the Americas, it is very necessary to have such a fast and flexible schooner, responsible for communicating with several colonies in the Americas.
Therefore, Marin decided to transform 20 new brig schooners, dedicated to liaison and transportation between several American colonies.
Today, the total number of 250-class armed merchant ships in Beihai Kingdom has reached 46. Among them, 20 are old-fashioned hulls and 26 are second-generation hulls. The ones used to transform into new brig schooners are naturally all 250-class armed merchant ships with second-generation hulls.
In fact, although this kind of sailboat can be used alternately with horizontal sails and vertical sails. However, Marin did not intend to do this. Why? Because of the manpower problem...
After testing, the craftsmen in Beihai Country were surprised to find that if they used a double-brig sail, the entire ship would only require 10 sailors to operate smoothly. This was because the captain's room needed two sailors to pull the steering wheel, and they still needed to be replaced. If the steering wheel was improved more effortlessly, it would be fine if the sailors on the ship reduced to 8 people.
But if you change to Hengfan, it will require a lot of manpower. Although there are only two brigs, it requires more than 30 sailors...
With this calculation, if you use a cross sail, the same hull actually requires more than three times the number of sailors... It is very uneconomical...
To be honest, although Marin doesn't have many ships in his hands now, the Americas are actively logging and reserves. Then, he is also introducing tung trees and sumacs. When the supply of tung oil and raw paint is sufficient in the future, the shipbuilding industry will start to soar. So many ships are launched, and the number of sailors may not be enough...
Therefore, if a single-mode brig sailboat is adopted, most of the sailors can be saved. In this way, Marin can arrange the saved sailors to warships that require more manpower. After all, naval battles require enough manpower. A single gun requires 5 to 10 people to operate... Moreover, the one that can truly maintain maritime power is the warship. Only with more warships can the maritime power be fully maintained...
Moreover, Marin had basically controlled England through means. This was a country that was rich in pirates in later generations. Even the pirate kingdom was controlled by him, so Marin was even less worried about threats at sea.
As for France, Marin would try to find trouble for them on land, so that the French would focus on fighting on the mainland. In addition, if they really dared to go to America to grab food, Marin would not mind getting some British pirates and killing all the people on the French ship...
Spain, Portugal, and Marin also arranged for Venice to fight with them. Venice is already strong, and if the Suez Canal is dug, it will definitely fight fiercely with Spain and Portugal in the Indian Ocean in the future. At that time, Marin only needs to fan the flames from it, and support whoever is weak is enough to ensure that the three major navigators are exhausted...
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Thinking of this, Marin suddenly began to hesitate about the use of this new schooner...
Why are you hesitating? You are afraid that others will learn...
This new sailing ship only requires 10 sailors to operate on a ship. If it is learned by France, which lacks sailors, it will definitely greatly promote the French's maritime career.
So, Marin finally decided to use this new sailboat only in the Americas... At least, he had to wait until he dominated the sea and was not afraid of other countries' challenges before he could bring it back to Europe for use...
However, for the rudder wheel, it can be applied to every sailboat. Of course, the rudder wheel system must be kept confidential. When installing, you will also pay attention to having a shell to prevent outsiders from easily observing it... Let other ships from other countries continue to use the straight rudder rod that requires 4 strong men to pull. Your own boat uses the rudder wheel that can be pulled by two ordinary strong men. Moreover, the rudder wheel will continue to be improved in the future until it is changed to a sailor and can be moved...
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Chapter completed!