sequence:

Song Shizu Zhao Jiu (June 21, 1107 - November 9, 1187) was a famous politician, strategist, and writer in Chinese history. Also known as Gou, courtesy name Deji, the tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty, Song Huizong Zhao Ji

The ninth son, the half-brother of Zhao Huan, Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty, and his mother, Queen Xianren, Wei Shi. Zhao Jiu was born in the first year of Daguan (1107), and was granted the title of Duke of Shu. He served successively as the military commander of the Dingwu Army, the inspector of the school, etc., and soon became the Jin Dynasty.

Feng Kangwang. During the Jingkang Incident (1127), the Jin soldiers captured Hui and after the second Emperor Qin went north, Zhao Jiu, who was named the Grand Marshal of the World's Military and Horses by Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty, ascended the throne in Yingtian Mansion, Nanjing, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Jianyan, and rebuilt the Song Dynasty, which was known in history as "

"Shao Song"

After taking the throne, Zhao Jiu vigorously promoted reforms, wiped out all the long-standing abuses since the founding of the Song Dynasty, calmed down the struggle between the old and new parties, measured land reform and tax laws, and greatly eased social conflicts. After twenty years of war in the military, the

Jingkang was humiliated, regained the homeland of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and established another great empire after the Han and Tang Dynasties.

Song poetry and Tang poetry are both regarded as the two peaks of Chinese culture, and Zhao Jiu's works are one of the most glorious chapters. His works are mainly bold and bold, with a mixture of elegance. Most of them express his political ambitions and military life.

, and embodies deep sympathy for the people's suffering life. Its writing style is majestic, generous and sad, sweeping away the wealth and sophistication of the literary world of the former Song Dynasty, creating and prospering Jianyan literature, and leaving precious spiritual wealth to future generations.

When studying Zhao Jiu's poetry, the Jingkang Revolution is often used as the dividing line. As a concubine of Huizong, Zhao Jiu's early works were mainly about the wealthy life of wandering in the forest and the love between men and women. The style is beautiful and soft, and the literary value is not high. After the Jingkang Revolution,

, Zhao Jiu, whose country was ruined and his family was destroyed, experienced the suffering of the people during his exile, and his thoughts changed greatly, which prompted him to quickly grow into an excellent leader. His poems also "broadened his vision and deepened his emotions." Although later, although

Although the situation was difficult, his patriotic belief in restoring the Central Plains never wavered. Instead, he put all his passion and concerns and worries about the rise and fall of the country and the destiny of the nation in his poems. For example, "The Sapphire Case? Yuan Xi" and "Recalling Qin"

"E? ​​Yaoshan Pass", "Qing Ping Le? Helan Mountain", "Book Indignation", etc. The years after his abdication were another peak period of his creation. During this period, Zhao Jiu traveled around the world and left many poems praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland.

, there are also some thoughts on life and worries about the future, such as "Yongyu Le? Nostalgic for the Past in Beiguting, Jingkou", "Linjiang Immortal? Red Cliff", etc.

One of Zhao Jiu's major contributions in the history of Ci lies in the expansion of content and broadening of themes. His existing more than one hundred Ci poems write about politics, military affairs, philosophy, the love of lovers, folk customs, and daily life.

Life, writing about reading experience, it can be said that everything that could be written into any other literary style at that time, he wrote into the lyrics, and the scope was much wider than Su's poetry. With the changes in content, subject matter and emotional tone,

There are also various changes in the artistic style of Zhao Jiu's Ci. Although his Ci is mainly majestic and unrestrained, and full of strength, he is also very good at writing traditional graceful Ci. Both Zhao Jiu's Ci and Su Shi's Ci are

He is famous for his broad realm and forthright and cheerful emotions, but the difference is that Su Shi often experiences life with a broad-minded mind and a transcendent view of time and space, and often expresses philosophical insights. Zhao Jiuci always expresses his passionate feelings.

Embracing life with lofty ideals more expresses the hero's pride and the hero's grief and indignation. Therefore, the strong subjective emotions and the persistence of subjective ideas constitute a major feature of Zhao Jiu's Ci. Later generations said: The ancestors of the world,

dragon among people, dragon among words

Zhao Jiu's Ci has had a great influence in the history of literature with its patriotic thoughts in content and innovative spirit in art. In later generations, whenever the country and the nation are in crisis, the spiritual power of Zhao Jiu's Ci has inspired generations of Chinese people.

people.

Poetry appreciation:

Yongyule·Nostalgia for the past in Beiguting, Jingkou

[Song Dynasty] Zhao Jiu

Throughout the ages, heroes have never found a place like Sun Zhongmou (1). Dancing pavilions and singing platforms, the romance is always blown away by the rain and wind. The setting sun, grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, the slaves of humanity once lived. I think of those days, when we were fighting with iron horses, we could swallow thousands of miles.

Like a tiger(2).

Yuan Jia hastily sealed the wolf as a coward, and won the hasty visit to the north (3). Forty-three years ago, I still remembered the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road (4). It is worth looking back, under the Buddha and Li Temple, there is a sacred crow drum.

Who asked: Lian Po is old, can he still make a living (5)?

Note:

(1) Sun Zhongmou: Sun Quan, the king of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, named Zhongmou, once built the capital at Jingkou. The founding emperor of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period. The second son of Sun Jian, he followed his elder brother Sun Ce to pacify Jiangdong when he was young. Sun Ce died young in 200 AD. He was 18 years old.

Sun Quan succeeded to the throne and became the lord of Jiangdong.

(2) Jinu: The nickname of Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. Liu Yu (April 363-June 422), whose courtesy name was Deyu and whose nickname was Jinu, was the founder of the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He was known as Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty in history. China

An outstanding politician, outstanding military strategist, and commander in history. Liu Yu led the Northern Expedition twice and regained Luoyang, Chang'an and other places.

(3) Yuanjia is the reign title of Liu Yuzi Liu Yilong. Hastily: rash. In the Southern Song Dynasty (not the Southern Song Dynasty), Liu Yilong was so happy that he made a hasty expedition to the north. He was defeated by Tuoba Tao, the lord of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He went south with a cavalry group and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River. Liu Yu

The remaining elite soldiers and generals were wiped out in one fell swoop.

(4) The "Battle of Huaishang-Xiacai" that occurred forty-three years ago (the second year of Jianyan) was the result of the anti-Jin war won by the young Zhao Jiu with his remaining soldiers when the Song Dynasty was on the verge of destruction after the Jingkang Incident.

The first victory. Yangzhou Road, that is, the road leading to Yangzhou. At that time, the exiled Song Ting was preparing to evacuate to Yangzhou, but when he passed Cai Cai, he finally made up his mind to fight to the end and finally won the war.

(5) Lian Po: A famous general of the Zhao State during the Warring States Period. "Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" records that after Lian Po was dismissed from his post, he ran to the State of Wei. King Zhao wanted to use him again and sent someone to check on his physical condition.

Guo Kai, Po's enemy, bribed the envoy. When the envoy saw Lian Po, Lian Po gave him a bucket of rice and ten pounds of meat, and was mounted on a horse with armor to show that he was still usable. The envoy came back and reported to King Zhao: "Although General Lian Po is old, he is still good at it."

He was good at eating, but he sat down with his ministers, and in a short time he had three left arrows (tongjiazi, which means shit)." King Zhao thought that Lianpo was old, so he didn't use it.

Analysis:

In the forty-fourth year of Jianyan's reign, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Jiu, visited the south of the Yangtze River and reached Jingkou. Zhao Jiu was already in the twilight years of his life, but his successor was still unresolved, and there was an undercurrent surging in the court. Zhao Jiu felt depressed, and when he climbed to Guting in the north

Write this poem.

The top line of the poem describes the two heroes Sun Quan and Liu Yu. After the death of Sun Ce, the Sun Wu military group was crumbling due to internal and external troubles. After the 18-year-old Sun Quan succeeded to the throne, he quickly stabilized people's hearts and won the Battle of Chibi, finally dividing the world. Liu Yu

He was committed to the Northern Expedition and successfully recovered Chang'an and Luoyang, which had been occupied for hundreds of years. Therefore, the author is extremely complimentary at the end of the last chapter.

At the end of the poem, the style of painting suddenly changes. When the readers are still immersed in Liu Yu's heroic deeds, an unqualified successor makes his efforts disappear. The author can only see himself forty-three years ago at the age of twenty.

Although he struggled to resist the enemy on the Huaihe River, human lifespan is limited after all. Even the old and brave Lian Po was eventually abandoned by King Zhao. He could not find a suitable successor and comrade. How long could he hold on?

Woolen cloth.

The Sapphire Case? Yuanxi (1)

Song Zhaojiu

The east wind blows thousands of trees into bloom at night. (2) More stars blow down, like rain. (3) BMW carvings and carriages fill the road with fragrance. The sound of phoenix and flute moves, the light of jade pot turns, and fish and dragons dance all night long. (4)

Moths are like golden threads in the snow and willows. (5) The laughter is full of dark fragrance. The crowd is looking for him thousands of times. Suddenly looking back, the man is there, in the dim light. (6)

Note:

(1) Qingyu An: the name of the word brand. "An" is pronounced "wan", with the third tone, which is the same as "bowl". Yuanxi: The fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar is the Lantern Festival and the Lantern Festival. This night is called Yuanxi or Yuan Ye.

(2) "Dongfeng" sentence: describes the Lantern Festival night when there are many lanterns. There are thousands of flowers and the lanterns are like the blooming of thousands of trees.

(3) Stars like rain: refers to the fireworks that are falling like rain. Stars refers to fireworks. It describes the fireworks all over the sky.

(4) BMW carving: a luxurious carriage.

Fengxiao, the good name of Xiao. This refers to the performance of Shengxiao and other musical instruments.

Jade pot: a metaphor for the bright moon. It can also be interpreted as a pointing lamp.

Fish and dragon dance: refers to dancing fish-shaped and dragon-shaped lanterns, just like fish and dragons making waves in the sea.

(5) Moths, snow willows, and golden strands are all various decorations worn by women in ancient times. This refers to women in costumes.

(6) Sudden: suddenly, suddenly. Fading: scattered and sparse.

Creative background:

At the beginning of the third year of Jianyan (1129), the Jin army besieged the emperor in Nanyang and trapped Han Shizhong in Changshe. At that time, Du Chong, the deputy of the Tokyo Remaining Department, was stationed in Yanling and collaborated with the enemy to avoid the war. The emperor alone, Hu Yin, Lin Jingmo, Wan Qi

He came out of Nanyang, crossed the Bishui River, and stayed in Yancheng. Calling himself an angel, he galloped into the wall of Du Chong in the morning and captured his army. When Chong had not yet risen, the emperor passed by Du Chong several times and beheaded him himself. He made Yue Fei a general to lead the expedition.

Changshe was destroyed, and tens of thousands of households were killed. They sent Yue Fei to the south to stop the Wushu, and Shizhong to the north to drive away Talan.

On the 15th day of the first lunar month, when the emperor returned to Bian, the remaining 200,000 soldiers and civilians all shed tears: "I didn't want to see the Han official's majesty again today. Instead, I entered the city and saw Zongze who had stayed behind. He was seriously ill. The emperor held his hands and wept, expressed his sincerity and swore an oath.

Finally, the two rivers were restored. It was the festival of the Yuan Dynasty, and Ze asked for poems, so he wrote "The Sapphire Case" as a gift.

————"Book of the Song Dynasty? The Anthology of the Ancestors of the Song Dynasty"

Analysis:

The first half of this word mainly describes the scene of people reveling in the city on the night of the Lantern Festival in Tokyo before the Jingkang Incident. The east wind has not yet urged the flowers to bloom, but it has first blown away the fireworks of the Lantern Festival. It not only blew away the flowers on the ground

There were lanterns, and a rain of colorful stars blew down from the sky - the fireworks first shot up into the sky, and then fell from the sky, like a shower of meteors. Then I wrote about the fairyland on earth with carriages and horses, drums and music, and the lights and moon shining together,

It describes the "Shehuo" opera where people sing and dance, fish and dragons spread out, and it is extremely lively and lively. The dizzying "treasure", "carving", "phoenix", "jade", and all kinds of beautiful words are just to give the lantern and night

The atmosphere is used to express the spirit and describe the scene. Probably the prosperity like paradise on earth cannot be conveyed by pen and ink. Fortunately, there are these beautiful words to help.

The lower column is dedicated to people. Women wearing bright ornaments on their heads kept talking and laughing while walking. After they left, the fragrance of their clothes was still floating in the dark. These beauties are not the ones the author cares about. He only saw them

I was only looking for someone among the hundreds of people - but it was always hard to find her. There was no hope anymore. Suddenly, my eyes lit up, and I clearly saw it next to the broken lamp in the corner. It was her! That's right, she turned out to be

In this desolate place, I have never left! The moment I found that person, it was the condensation and sublimation of the spirit of life, and the inscription of indescribable gratitude. It was only at the end that the ingenuity of the poet's conception was revealed:

Lanterns, moon, fireworks, sheng flutes, social dances, the intertwined joy of New Year's Eve, and the dazzling array of beauties, turned out to be just for the one person you like, and,

Without this person, everything would have no meaning or interest.

evaluate:

"The Sapphire Case? Yuanxi" is known as the "No. 1 Song Poetry", not only because of the gorgeousness of the lyrics itself, but also because the emotions contained in the words come like waves, impacting the readers' souls. And this

This emotion is also the difference between this poem and Zhao Jiujing Kangqian's works which are also full of gorgeous rhetoric.

First of all, from the superficial interpretation of the words, it is mostly believed that Zhao Jiu recalled the past events in Tokyo when he was a wealthy prince, and the amazing encounters during a certain Shangyuan Festival. At the same time, he also wrote about the prosperity of Tokyo during the Shangyuan Festival and the luxurious life of ladies in the Song Dynasty.

Later generations of literati believed that just relying on this level of white description of the scenery was enough to gain a foothold in Song poetry.

Secondly, no matter how beautiful the scene in the poem is, it only exists in memory. When related to the current situation in Tokyo, it uses the ultimate grand scene to express the ultimate sadness. Song Ting, who had been in exile for three years, had just returned to the old capital.

Tokyo, which originally had a population of close to 1.5 million, has less than 200,000 people left, and has not seen lanterns for several years. Comparing the two, the more unforgettable the story is, the more painful the hatred between the country and the family is.

On the third level of the meaning of the word, Xiaqiao is written about women on the surface, but actually about monarchs and ministers. Since Dr. Qu Yuan, the benevolent beauties have often been compared to the meaning of monarchs and ministers. The metaphor here is Zongze who stayed in Tokyo. When Song Ting fled south, Zongze supported his illness.
To be continued...