Chapter 590 Nuclear fusion is like a drag racing
The Circulation No. 3 nuclear fusion experimental device was not built in the Southwest Nuclear Physics Research Institute, but was in a forbidden area outside Yangcheng. When Tong Asahikawa and his assistant came here by car, it was already 5:30 in the afternoon.
The control center of Huanliu No. 3 was crowded with people at this moment. After Tong Xukawa arrived here, he started chatting with a person in charge and asked about the situation.
"Dean, Huanliu No. 3's third manual +ai troubleshooting was completed ten minutes ago. It is confirmed that there is no fault and nuclear fuel can be injected at any time and ignition can be carried out."
"very good."
Time passed by, and it was six o'clock in the afternoon.
After completing the nuclear fuel injection of the Circulation No. 3 experimental device, the first ignition began.
It is worth mentioning that the nuclear fusion experiments and researches in all countries in the world are in the first generation stage, deuterium and tritium fusion.
The disadvantage is that it will produce high-energy neutrons, which will carry away a large amount of nuclear fusion energy, and will also damage the device material.
The second generation is the fusion of deuterium and helium three. This reaction itself does not produce neutrons, but since there is deuterium, it will also produce neutrons after the deuterium-deuterium reaction, but the advantage is that the neutron content is very small.
In the third generation, it is the fusion of Helium Three and Helium Three. This fusion will not produce neutrons at all, and it can be called the ultimate fusion.
Of course, the above fusions are all light nuclear fusions. After that, there are some heavy nuclear fusions. Under ultra-high temperature and pressure, silicon to iron fusion can be carried out.
To put it bluntly, as long as the conditions are sufficient, even the stones can be burned.
However, nuclear fusion is at the end of the iron element, and then the reaction will not release energy, but will absorb energy.
The subsequent reaction is neutron capture, forming elements heavier than iron, such as silver and gold, which generally occur in high-pressure multi-neutron environments.
The most typical one is the supernova explosion.
Therefore, the easiest way to judge the lifetime of a star is to see how much iron and hydrogen are inside it, which can be easily known through the stellar spectrum.
This is also the method used by scientists to judge the lifespan of the sun.
The mass ratio of the raw material of the deuterium-tritium fusion of Circulation No. 3 is 2:3. After ignition begins, the circular magnetic constrained channel begins to heat up rapidly.
But at the same time, in order to ensure the characteristics of the superconductor, the superconductor must be cooled to more than minus 100 degrees, or even more than 200 degrees under extreme high temperature conditions.
Generally speaking, if magnetically constrained fusion is to be done, two basic conditions must be met.
The first is to require a super-strong magnetic field, and use magnetic force to constrain high-temperature deuterium-tritium plasma. This is basically only a few superconducting magnets can meet this point.
Most superconductors can only exist in the liquid nitrogen temperature zone, that is, at extreme conditions below minus 196 degrees Celsius, so the temperature is extremely low.
The second point is that deuterium and tritium raw materials need to be heated. Only after heating can the deuterium and tritium element become plasma state, that is, the electrons leave the nucleus and form negatively charged free electrons and positively charged ions.
Then, the characteristics of charge are used to separate the positive ions and electrons of the deuterium tritium raw material. Under the constraints of magnetic properties and the acceleration of the electric field, these deuterium tritium ions with temperatures of tens of millions of degrees or even hundreds of millions of degrees begin to accelerate and move in the ring track.
Then, the deuterium tritium ions that are racing at high speed can't stop the car and will rub and collide with each other.
If you can't avoid the collision, it's like a car accident.
With a bang, deuterium and tritium at high temperatures combined into helium 4 and 1 neutron, releasing energy, and nuclear fusion occurred.
Of course, it may also be a deuterium-deuterium collision, producing helium three and a neutron, and releasing energy, but this reaction temperature condition is very harsh and rarely.
The above are the basic steps and principles of the first generation of nuclear fusion. Of course, this knowledge can be found casually on the Internet, but in fact, nuclear fusion operations are thousands of times more difficult than this.
In the control room of Huanliu No. 3, everyone waited nervously after igniting the fire.
Soon, Huanliu No. 3 stopped operating and the data came out.
60 million degrees, running for 116 seconds!
This is a breakthrough, compared with east, the plasma temperature and constraint time have been improved.
but……
"It's 4 seconds less than 120 seconds, sure enough..." Tong Xukawa sighed.
The temperature requirement of Circular No. 3 is 60 million degrees, or even higher, which is a standard that cannot be reduced. In terms of time, after learning that the new device in the United States is 120 seconds, Tong Asahikawa set his target for more than 120 seconds.
But I was unsure.
Today's test is similar to what he expected. Although the temperature is higher than others, the constraint time is missing.
"But it's okay. It's just the first time I tested the ignition, and next, the real ignition..."
Tong Xukawa told the person in charge: "Please check the filter when it is removed quickly. If it is qualified, inject fuel and perform a second ignition. This time, control will be handed over to ai!"
"Yes!" The person in charge responded and quickly arranged the work.
In order to ensure that this arrangement and inspection took more than five hours.
At 11:25 pm, the control room of Huanliu No. 3 was still brightly lit and crowded.
Suddenly, fluorescence flashed on the large screen in the control room, and the "Round No. 3 Butler" ai, developed by Black Bone Technology Company, took over the control of Round No. 3.
The next moment, a synthesized sound of ai sound rang in the ears of everyone indoors. Although it could be made into a normal voice, Tong Xukawa didn't ask that at that time, saying that people still had to be a little different from machines.
"Requesting for link to supercomputer center... The request has been completed, the link has been successful...
Troubleshooting... Troubleshooting is complete, no trouble...
The nuclear fusion command is being automatically input... The input is completed and the fuel injection is successful. Please ask Dean Tong Asahikawa to issue an ignition command."
Tong Asahikawa asked, "Are you sure everything is fine?"
ai replied: "Don't worry, everything has been tested and there is no error. Please issue an ignition order."
Tong Asahikawa: "Since it's okay, then ignite the fire."
ai: "The ignition is about to start, the countdown is 5 seconds, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, ignition!"
"The ignition is successful, the auxiliary heater is running normally, the refrigeration equipment is running normally, the superconductor magnetism is normal... The heating condition of the annular channel is being analyzed, please see the real-time dynamic curve chart..."
On the large screen, graphs of the performance of each device in the device soon appeared. This is something that was not available during the afternoon test, because the original system cannot perform real-time monitoring, but it can be strong.
Time passed by minute by minute, and soon, the temperature of deuterium and tritium ions in the ring channel reached 60 million degrees Celsius, and ran wildly under the drive of the electric field.
“…The heating and current-driven transportation have been completed under low momentum conditions, and the plasma is being accurately constrained and controlled, 1s, 2s…
The plasma does not interact with the bias filter...
Nuclear fusion has occurred, transient thermal shock is 0.2gw/m2, the boiler is receiving energy, and the flood discharge channel has been opened...
Steady-state constraint time 100s...steady-state constraint time 116s...steady-state constraint time 120s..."
...
Chapter completed!