Chapter 1316: There is a great scholar who argues for me
The Song Dynasty government inherited the Tang Dynasty's system of officials requiring the people's supply. It originally exploited the machine households very heavily. For example, the government stipulated that only one-third of the silk produced by any machine household could be sold, and the remaining two-thirds were purchased at a discount from the government.
The so-called discount purchase is to purchase at a price that is very lower than the market price.
In the first year of Mingdao, the machine owner could not survive and asked the court to halve the number of officials who bought. After hearing this, Emperor Renzong, who loved the people as much as his son, changed to one-third of the machine owner to buy it, and the other two-thirds of the machine owners were
Sell.
After the implementation of the Immunity Law, the court could no longer use coercive means to allow machine owners to sell silk at a low price.
So the court instead produced silk, red flowers, prepaid work value, and hired machine owners to sell silk.
Later, Zhang Yue abolished the rule that the court hired craftsmen from the people to make silk, but instead purchased silk and cotton from the entries.
It is used in the dual-track system of market-oriented procurement and the exclusive supply of royal merchants to break the original system.
This move directly led to the rise of the private textile industry in Qinzhou and Suzhou and Hangzhou, and the development of explosively. After the reform, the Maritime Bureau recorded only the annual production of silk in Hangzhou surged from 40,000 to 120,000.
However, the price of rice in Jianghuai also increased from 700 cigars per stone to 1,800 cigars.
There are advantages and disadvantages, which brings a series of problems.
It is an indisputable fact that grain prices soar.
Why did we emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce in ancient times?
Because ancient merchants not only included land capital, but also secondary industries such as industry or handicrafts.
For example, when there is not enough food to eat, winemaking will be denied, so there is often a ban on alcohol in the past.
This is the way to respect the original and suppress the end.
It is said that food, clothing, housing and transportation are not the first, but clothing cannot be ranked first, and there is only one sentence, "Food is the most important thing for people."
All of this is to preserve the primary industry.
Therefore, not only the old party, Cheng Yi, and even some of Zhang Zai's disciples criticized Zhang Yue's move to change fields to mulberry and cotton in Qinzhou and Hangzhou. For example, Zhang Zai also advocated restoration of the well-field system, and other disciples were the ones.
Not to mention.
Two officials in the imperial court believed that Daxing cotton industry and silk industry hindered people's livelihood.
One faction believed that the silk industry and cotton industry could bring a lot of income to the court, and the officials were unwilling to do so. After all, the military expenditure of the Northwest and the military expenditure of the Three Auxiliary Army of the Capital Relief are supported by salt banknotes, silk and cotton industries.
Zhang Yue arrived in Hangzhou this time and also went to the spot to take a look.
By the way, I dug a hole for Cai Que. If Cai Que dares to impeach him by relying on this, he will definitely be in trouble.
At night, Zhang Yue said to Chen Guan: "I ordered He Guan to take charge of the cultivation of Huguang. The grain and rice above can be used to help the downstream, but this matter will not be urgent."
"Now the court's actions to trade and benefit our labour are quite complicated."
Chen Guan said: "Teacher, Mencius said, 'If you have a humble husband, you must seek monopoly and climb it. If you look at it from both sides, you will lose the profits of the market'."
Mencius used the behavior of merchants monopolizing the interests of the market to describe the monopoly of officials.
Monopoly is the breaking point of the mountain ridge.
The original meaning is that the merchant climbs to a high place, looks left and right, and sells whatever is missing in the "market", and manipulates it left and right to make profits.
The meaning of "monopolism" in later generations also came from this article. Mencius used the speculation of businessmen to describe officials speculation in the officialdom at that time.
Later, Mencius added another sentence: Since then, businessmen have become cheap and humble doctors. It is precisely because such people exist in the "market (market)" that they are subject to heavy taxes on merchants.
The implication of this sentence Chen Guan suggested to Zhang Yue, teacher, don’t shoot yourself in the foot.
Judging from Mencius's "people-oriented" proposition, it is indeed unfavorable to Zhang Yue's business and benefit work.
Zhang Yue said: "Scholars have their own way, officials have their own way, and there are also their own way. However, the court will restrict them to them, and they should be harmonious with righteousness, but not with righteousness to suppress profit."
Chen Guan said: "The teacher wants to be a business and a favorable worker, but from ancient times to the present, there is no such thing in Confucianism except Guanzi. Only gentlemen speak of righteousness and villains speak of profit."
Zhang Yue thought to himself that what is there? Without a theory, we create the theory: "Confucianism is not a man who cares about business, but Zigong is a businessman. How can Confucius treat Zigong? Confucianism needs to be clear about virtue and govern the profit with righteousness. How can this not be allowed?
, that is not allowed."
"I heard that there was a Wang Jingshan (Wang Zuwang) in Yongjia, known as Mr. Ruzhi, who taught in Yongjia."
Chen Guan said: "There is indeed this person. Mr. Confucianism once said, "Since Mencius, I have not understood the Taoism. I want to describe the way of Yao and Shun, discuss the governance of literature and martial arts, eliminate the path of lust and evil, and open up the gate of the emperor. Why do I dare to fear the heavens?
Already?'”
"But it has been years since I was gone. I heard that his knowledge was praised by Mr. Jing and Mr. Gu Ling, and it is not a day to go."
Zhang Yue said: "Does he have any disciples?"
Chen Guan said: "There is indeed such a person whose surname is Lin and whose name is Shi, is called Mr. Tangao in the world. He is a disciple of Baiyunweng (Guan Shichang)."
Zhang Yue asked, "Is it a disciple of Mr. Woyun (Shifu Guan)?"
Chen Guan said: "That's right, the teacher knows the two of them too?"
Zhang Yue said: "The brothers of the housekeeper were all students chosen by my teacher when he was the magistrate of Xianju County. I met two of them when I was under the disciple of Mr. Yu Guling, Mr. Xin."
Zhang Yue thought about the fact that he was studying under Chen Xiang's school at a young age, and the senior brother Sun Jue took great care of him. Although the other senior brothers did not meet many times, they were also close to him.
The friendship between the brothers in the master sect, which was as close as brothers and fathers, left a deep impression on the young Zhang Yue.
Chen Xiang also praised Guan Shichang in front of him many times. Guan Shichang regained the two, saying that they were "in the closed-door official house, they were extremely knowledgeable about people, they were bad clothes and had coarse food, and they were cold in the morning and hungry in the evening."
Later, Guan Shichang, and Guan Shifu's brothers joined Hu Yuan's sect, all of whom opposed Wang Anshi's new law.
Second Guan also has a brother, Guan Shiren, who was a Jinshi in the sixth year of Xining and is now a magistrate of Lizhou. This person is also a famous minister. In history, Guan Shiren served as prime minister in the Huizong Dynasty and told Huizong that his brother Guan Shifu's talent and knowledge were
Better than yourself.
When Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty was summoned, Master Guan resigned again but refused to accept it.
Mr. Guan learned that Mr. Guan was the second place in Jinshi and was able to cultivate vegetables as usual.
Lin Shi studied under Guan Shichang. At that time, Wang Anshi was fond of the Spring and Autumn Period and criticized him as a bad court report. Scholars gave up the Spring and Autumn Period in order to become a Jinshi and studied the new meaning of the Three Classics.
However, Lin Shi and Guan Shi often insist on using Spring and Autumn teaching.
Zhang Yue knew that Wang Zuwang and Lin Shi's school would shine in the Southern Song Dynasty and became a school of merit that was in line with Neo-Confucianism and Mind Learning, also known as the Yongjia School.
Of course, the school of ritualism at this time was still in its prototype, but the Neo-Confucianism of the Second Cheng was also a pioneering stage.
Confucianism has been weak since Mencius for a long time. Everyone is arguing about what it will become in the future, but there is no direction in their hearts. Everyone is just a feeling of crossing the river, taking one step at a time.
For example, in terms of the Yongjia School, it was also passed down from Neo-Confucianism at the beginning, but after it took root in Zhejiang, where commercial development, it naturally evolved from the basis of Neo-Confucianism to "commercial business and benefit labor, both righteousness and profit, and both industry and commerce are the foundation."
The authentic Neo-Confucianism was inherited from Guan Luo to Zhu Xi later, and was called Fujian Studies.
There could not be a sound in the court. In order to replace Wang Anshi's new academic studies, Zhang Yue supported Neo-Confucianism in the Imperial Academy. But he could not let Neo-Confucianism dominate, otherwise he would inevitably backfire himself and he had to introduce the Yongjia School to check and balance Neo-Confucianism.
With Zhang Yue's current status, he shoots arrows at will. Officials and scholars come up to draw targets at the time of falling arrows, and arrows are all ten rings.
Not to mention targeted.
There is no need to find theories yourself. Someone will take the initiative to hand over the book to you and tell you which page it is. The so-called policy comes first, theory comes later, and this is how scholars interpret legitimacy.
If you are strong, you will have a great scholar to argue for you.
Zhang Yue said: "I have always advocated that scholars, farmers, industry and commerce have different businesses and the people are in the same industry. They can meet each other."
Chen Guan was surprised. The four people had different businesses and their fellow disciples were really bold. However, Chen Guan didn't know that this sentence was copied by Zhang Yue from Wang Yangming.
Although Chen Guan didn't know Zhang Yue's plan, he thought that the teacher must have a deep meaning in his actions, so he said, "Students will make arrangements."
"Send posts in the name of brothers and brothers, don't use official positions." Zhang Yue tapped the desk with his fingertips and suddenly chuckled. He thought to himself that he used brothers and brothers as the Internet to build the academic genealogy of the Yongjia School, and it is really better to use his brothers and brothers as the Internet.
Not enough.
The evolution trajectory within the Confucian school can ultimately escape the pull of the temple.
"Students know."
...
"The white clouds in the house are not broken, and the bright moon is fishing without traces! Mr. Woyun's poem is really a good poem."
In the tea shop next to the Imperial Academy, Zhang Cheng sincerely exclaimed.
A student on the side smiled and said, "It turns out that Liangbi likes it. Mr. Woyun is indifferent to fame and fortune. This poem was written by Ren Temple when he was granted a visit. At that time, Ren Temple asked Mr. Woyun that he would not leave his home and learn from him.
What do you know?”
"Mr. Woyun said, the white clouds in the house are not broken, and the bright moon is fishing without traces." This is what I have obtained."
"So that's it. I'm so envious of Brother Zhou's visit to Mr. Woyun." Zhang Cheng said.
The other party smiled and said, "I am not worshipping Mr. Woyun's disciple, but Mr. Tangao (Lin Shi). Mr. Tangao once studied with Mr. Baiyun, the younger brother of Mr. Woyun, and Mr. Woyun and Baiyun.
Mr. Gu Ling is very famous in our Yongjia, and he was recommended to the court by Mr. Gu Ling."
"Brother Ding and Mr. Tangao both taught under Mr. Ruzhi."
Zhang Cheng knew that Zhang Yue’s teacher was Mr. Gu Ling Chen Xiang.
The two people in front of him were clearly named Zhou Xingyi and Ding Changqi, both of whom were Yongjia people. They were Lin Shi, a disciple of the second steward or a fellow disciple.
Zhang Cheng had few friends in the Imperial Academy, but after he was promoted to the middle school, he had a tacit understanding with Zhou Xingyi and Ding Changqi, and suddenly became confidants.
Zhou Xingyi said: "I advocate Guanzi's money and wealth accumulation. I do not agree with the current criticism of Zhejiang's change of fields to mulberry trees in the Taixue School, and the argument that disasters must be affected by millet."
Ding Changqi said: "The land system of this dynasty has not been established, and after the reorganization of the Tang Dynasty's rent and mediocre system has long become the pillar."
"After the reform of Prime Minister Zhang in recent years, Jiaozi's salt banknotes have been circulated more than 100 million yuan every year. If we no longer talk about the way of money, grain, war and punishment are all saints, and still praise Confucianism's past debate on justice and profit, the court will still go back to the old path."
After hearing this, Zhang Cheng sighed sincerely that these two people would be praised by their father. His father once said that the court's tax base was forced to turn to industry and commerce, but now that ideology lags behind the economy, we must find a new way out.
The three of them talked and talked at a tea shop near the Imperial Academy, which was quite eye-catching.
Chapter completed!