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1. Many people doubt Timuer's strength. Thanks to the netizens who Kuotianxia Ren for leaving messages, reminding the drunkard of bringing Timuer in history to everyone. The following is the message from Kuotianxia Ren.

In 1382, Timur destroyed the Kert Gur dynasty in the West Afghanistan that had existed for 130 years. It began to march eastward Iran, and the Persian Principal of Selbador surrendered. Timur began to attack Western Iran, defeating the Mongol dynasty of the Zhas, and the king Ahmu Zhasur fled to Mamuluk, Egypt. Then, Timur defeated Tutuo Lost in the lower reaches of the Kura River. Timur occupied the Turkmen Black Sheep Dynasty (Kara-Koyonglu Dynasty) in Mush and Kurdistan, and the leader Hala Yusufu fled to Egypt. Finally, Fars (Xiaoshu) and Isfahan under the rule of the Muzhafar dynasty.

The sixth successor of the White Horde, Ulus Khan (reigned from 1361 to 1377), started a war with his nephew Tutumizu. After Ulus died, his two sons Tuhei Tukiya and Timuri succeeded to the throne one after another. Tutumizu defeated Timuri with the help of Timuri and made himself a white horde. Then Tutumizu defeated the Golden Horde Mamai, ascended the throne of the Golden Horde, and reunified the territory of his ancestor Shuchi. So Tutumizu began several wars against Timu, but each ended in failure.

The Delhi Sultanate almost encapsulated the entire India in 1335 and soon split. The Delhi Sultanate lost Deccan, and the land formed the Bamani Sultanate, Bangladesh, Ud (Zavinpor) Kingdom, and Gujilet. The separatist rule of the Muslim states in these areas weakened the Delhi Sultanate, which only had Punjab and Doabu. In 1398, Temur destroyed the Delhi Sultanate. In 1400, Temur defeated the Mamuluk army and occupied Damascus. In 1402, Temur conquered the Ottoman Turkish Empire. As a result, the Timur Empire ruled the former Ilkhanate, the Indus River, and the Chincha Khanate, and became an extremely huge "Mongol" and the Second Empire.

2 Warship Age

When writing the recent sections, we refer to the Death of the Invincible Armada. The specific information is as follows.

At the end of May 1588, the Spanish "Invincible Armada" set sail from Lisbon and expeditioned to Britain. At this time, the "Invincible Armada" had a total of 134 ships, more than 8,000 crew members and sailors, more than 2,000 oar slaves, and the ship was loaded with 21,000 infantrymen. Obviously, Philip II wanted to take advantage of the advantages of Spanish infantry, use traditional tactics to collide with enemy ships, and engage in hand-to-hand combat after forcibly boarding the ship, then seize British ships and attack London through the English Channel. The British side welcomed it.

For attack preparation, Lord Howard was the commander and Drake was the deputy commander. The British army had more than 100 warships, carrying more than 9,000 combat personnel, all of which were crew members and sailors, and there were no infantry. Although the performance of British warships was not as good as Spain, they were improved by Hawkins. The hull was small, fast, strong maneuverable, and had a large number of artillery and a long range. This kind of warship could not only avoid the bombardment of heavy artillery shells with a short range of Spain, but also fired enemy ships at long distances, winning with the advantage of artillery.

On August 6, the "Invincible Fleet" arrived in Calais, France, and was anchored on the sea, hoping to contact the Western Army stationed in Flanders. Because the latter failed to arrive in time, the meeting plan failed, and there was a British ship following him and could not wait, so he had to continue moving forward. The next night, it was dim and dull, with clouds and mist, and a strong east wind blew on the sea surface, and the Spanish crew were all asleep. The British made a clever trick to ignite six old ships, filled with flammable items, and the hull was covered with asphalt. Six fire dragons went down with the wind and rushed towards the Spanish fleet. Suddenly, the sea of ​​fire was filled with flames, and the "Invincible Fleet" was in chaos. When the cable was broken, the ships were in chaos, some collided and sunk, and many ships burned.

On August 8, the two armies fought on the northeastern sea of ​​Calais. The Spanish warships towered on the water, with a spectacular appearance, but were not functioning. Although they had the advantage of the number of people and tonnage, they became obvious targets for British warships to bombard the artillery. The British warships acted lightly and fired at long distances. The artillery fired fiercely and fiercely, making many ships of the "Invincible Fleet" hit one after another. The Spanish fired guns at the British ships, but could not hit the British ships. The British ships avoided entering the range of Spanish artillery as much as possible, and dodged flexibly at a distance, and moved freely. This long-range artillery battle prevented the Spanish fleet's infantry and heavy artillery from fully playing a role. The fierce artillery battle lasted all day, and the bombardment ended until the ammunition was exhausted on both sides. The "Invincible Fleet" was beaten to pieces, and the flagships of the two squadrons were shot and injured, and a squadron commander was captured.

The remaining Spanish ships fled north in the wind, preparing to bypass Scotland and return to China. The Spanish fleet fleeing in a panic was exhausted from ammunition and food. What was even more unlucky was that they encountered two major storms at the sea, and some ships had capsized. Many soldiers and crews were washed up to the west coast of Ireland by the wind and waves and were killed by the British army. By October 1588, there were only 43 broken ships left of the "Invincible Fleet" to return to Spain, and they were defeated in a disastrous ending of almost annihilation. The British ships suffered no losses, and there were only about a hundred sailors and sailors who died.

3 Sail Battleship

The battleships of the Sail Age were basically all sail warships built of wood, and sometimes wrapped in copper skin below the waterline. The power was sails and the weapons were bore guns, which fired round projectiles used to destroy the hull and shotguns that killed people, and damaged the chain bullets of sail tools.

At the end of the fifteenth century, technological progress in two fields produced the initial form of battleships: first, the improvement of metallurgical technology made the front-mounted smoothbore gun gradually become a reliable weapon; second, the development of navigation technology allowed people to build larger ships and sail with wind rather than manpower. As a result, large sailboats equipped with many artillery appeared, and the tactics of naval battles underwent drastic changes, and no longer rely on the original hand-to-hand combat, but replaced by long-distance artillery. Because the bow and stern of the ship were narrow, only one or two light guns could be installed. The main artillery was generally installed on both sides of the warship and fired through the gun holes opened on both sides. This arrangement directly affected the naval battle tactics: facing the side.

The enemy lined up in a long line of squadrons, which was more conducive to a fleet to carry out firepower, so that each warship had half of its artillery capable of firing at the enemy. Smaller warships could not be engaged in major maritime battles, but could only serve as patrol and reconnaissance tasks, because the power of the fleet lies in the fact that the warships lined up in a coherent long line, just like a chain. If the connecting part was weak, the power of the entire chain would not be too strong. The "Marine Operations Regulations" issued during the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-1654) clearly defined the column as the standard formation during naval operations: "All warships of each squadron must try their best to keep the front line of progress with their squadron leader..."

In the next century and a half, the appearance and tactics of the battleships did not change much. The fleet's actions relied entirely on wind and had limited mobility. It was very difficult to concentrate any form of troops when the actual strength of the two sides of the war were almost the same. Naval battle turned into a lengthy firefight between two fleets with parallel heading, and often there was no decisive result.

After the 1770s, the British Navy classified ships according to the following standards:

First-class ship - a three-layer gun deck, more than 100 artillery pieces, more than 875 people, and a displacement of 2,500-3,500 tons. The representative ship is Admiral Nelson's flagship Victory in the Battle of Trafalgar.

Second-class ship - third-layer gun deck, 90-98 guns, a capacity of about 750 people, and a displacement of more than 2,000 tons.

Third-class ships - the second to third-layer gun deck, artillery *-80 gates, a capacity of about 490-720 people, and a displacement of 1300-2000 tons. This is the largest number of main ships in the British Navy.

Fourth-class ship - two-layer gun deck, 50-56 guns, a capacity of about 350 people, and a displacement of more than 1,000 tons.

The above four-class ships are all called battleships. Ships below this scale are classified as frigate, cruise ship (Corvette) and sloop.

If a fleet has ten fourth-class ships, each artillery cannon will only be fired in battle, and the number of shells consumed by a fleet exceeds 10,000. Last time, a netizen accused the drunkard of the artillery density exceeding World War II. The drunkard had no evidence to refute it, but there was no data on the artillery density during World War II. So it was impossible to answer. But as far as naval battles were fought for several days in the 17th century, it seemed that it was still possible to consume tens of thousands of shells in one attack. Especially the British-Spanish naval wars had already been in the British-Dutch naval wars. Please give me some advice on the specific situation.

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Chapter completed!