.

Compared with the general adaptability of another low-cost water conservancy reservoir, the water conservancy equipment is limited to the Loess Plateau. However, compared with the water leakage reservoir, its cost is lower and does not require too much manpower, so it has also achieved great success.

The great achievements and experience in the construction of silt dams on the Loess Plateau are inseparable from scientific research. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, since the working people created soil and water conservation measures such as slope construction terraces and gullies silt silt in production practice, their experimental research work has been born. In the early days of the founding of New China, the Ministry of Water Resources began to promote the construction of silt dams.

Li Yizing was the first to propose a technical plan to build silt dams in the ditches, prevent and control gullies and reduce the entry of yellow silt. As a water conservancy expert in the Yellow River control strategy. However, at that time, this plan that was in line with the interests of the public was left behind. Those major projects for various purposes were favored by the Ministry of Water Resources. Even the support of Minister of Water Resources Huang Wanli could not change this situation. The Ministry of Water Resources in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China was really a weak department, and its voice was controlled by several powerful departments.

Li Yixing was not discouraged, but instead raised a burden alone, silently searched for his own experiments, put the silt dam into implementation, and confirmed valuable data. Without official funding, he sold his property, established a soil and water conservation experimental zone in Tianshui, and carried out scientific research on soil and water conservation.

In 1901, half of the investment was made by Shaanxi Province. He built it himself in the Jinggou Basin in the suburbs of Xi'an. By building a silt dam on the branch ditch, the basin area can be controlled by 2.6+ dams.

After the completion of this dam, it has become an important base for researching silt dams. With the healthy development of soil and water conservation areas, water conservancy workers who have seen a bright future have begun to gather in Shaanxi, and water conservation research institutions have also made great progress accordingly. On this basis, according to the needs of work in various periods, Li Yising carried out scientific research by combining experiments, demonstrations, promotions, indoor experiments and field experiments, and joint research with teaching units and business management departments.

A large number of research results have been achieved in the basic theories and application research such as channel erosion mechanism, silt dam planning and layout, design technology, construction technology, monitoring technology, management technology, and development of new technologies, new methods and new processes. With his constant running, the sound of building silt dams became louder and louder, and even the emperor learned about this through newspapers.

After denying the construction of a series of dams on the Yellow River, the emperor once asked: "Where is this person in Li Yijing?"

Huang Wanli, as Minister of Water Resources at that time, blamed himself for not fulfilling his mission, and the emperor sighed:

"It is the prime minister's fault that he has not chosen such talented and willing to work hard to achieve results to the right position!"

However, in the subsequent construction of water conservancy, the Ministry of Water Resources' voice was artificially strengthened by His Majesty the Emperor, and then he had his own right to employ human resources (the Prime Minister can veto it, but the right to nominate it is raised by the Ministry of Water Resources itself). The Ministry of Water Resources, which had a veto, even took several steps to the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Transport and became the four strongest departments in China.

Shortly afterwards, Li Yixing entered the Ministry of Water Resources and served as director of the newly established Comprehensive Management Office of the Loess Plateau. During his tenure as a leader, the construction of silt dams ranged from small to large, and made his own contribution to the control of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau:

The regional pilot project started in 1903, after the establishment of the Shaanxi Deshui Protection Station, it focused on the four counties of Suide, Mizhi, Jiaxian and Wubao. It actively promoted the construction of dam silt land, and built 214 dams within two years, with a general dam height of 5-10m0.5]

After 1904, the Xifeng Water Conservation Station also focused on the trial and promotion of plateau surface management and gully management, and created the 18-acre platform gully dam in Nanxiao River Gully.

The successful trial of this stage is actually due to many factors, including the good local conditions in the pilot area and the strong support of scientific and technological personnel. However, these favorable factors have been accidentally ignored. People always like to see what they want to see, and turn a blind eye to things that are not conducive to them.

In order to encourage the enthusiasm of the masses, Li Yising formulated a new policy, that is, every person or collective who repairs silt dams can receive a certain amount of subsidies, which is approximately 50% of the cost of silt dam construction. The original intention of formulating this policy is undoubtedly good, but it ignores human nature.

If there is no reward, the people will naturally build dams when they see the benefits of building dams. However, once dam construction is used as a means of profit, the trouble will follow. In order to get the rewards faster and more rewards, people's minds begin to change.

During the construction of silt dams, various places have carried out technological innovations and tool reforms, and have adopted blasting and loosening soil, crushing tractors, crushing soil by water guns, and pouring soil in water

With the dam construction technology, the silt dam has made breakthrough progress, and the cost of dam construction has dropped significantly. However, in the declaration, this cost has not only not been reduced, but has increased significantly. This has resulted in the construction of a silt dam. In addition to paying the construction fee, the state's funds have also been left with a large amount of land, and the construction of the dam has become a profitable job.

From 1904 to 1906 alone, a total of 27,600 silted dams were built, which could silt 330,000 square kilometers. Yulin, Shaanxi Province and Yan'an area added 17.6 mu of new dam land from 1904 to 1906; Shanxi Province added dam land within 1904 to 3 years of 1904 to 3 years of total dam land accounted for 90.6% of all new dam land;

In the Huangfuchuan Basin of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the silt dams built in several years accounted for 61 of the total number of silt dams. However, during this period, some places had a tendency to not follow natural laws in dam silt construction, the engineering design was unreasonable, and the construction quality was poor. During the heavy rainstorm in 1905, this part of the project suffered water damage to varying degrees.

For this situation, Li Yishou only made some lighter statements, while other achievements were placed in an important position. "The number of developments of silt dams during this period, the layout and construction technology of dam systems have made great breakthroughs compared with the past, and they have achieved outstanding results in blocking mud, silting and increasing production."

This abnormal and substantial increase in expenses attracted the attention of the ICAC, which began its own actions.

Shi Congwen was engaged in investigation work on the Loess Plateau since 1901. Before, he also went to the Loess Plateau for some time. There are two times that can be mentioned: one was to Yulin, Shaanxi in 1898, and the other was to Hangjinhou Banner, Inner Mongolia in 1900 (called Shaanxi Ba at that time, and was the location of the Suiyuan Provincial Government).

These two places were once again in the years that followed, but they were different from each other. Later, with long-distance buses, it was convenient to travel. But at that time, all of China were fighting, and the war was in fierce development, with many difficulties and no roads or cars. This was a common thing. Long-distance travel, you can only ride a livestock or take a big car, which is another flavor.

Of course, livestock and carts cannot be compared with cars, so they can only walk slowly, which is unhurried. In fact, it is beneficial to be slow, and you can learn more about the situation along the way. The journey we took at that time was the same as now. Both times, they started from Xi'an, traveled north from Xi'an, passed Yaoxian, Huangling, Yan'an, Suide and went to Yulin; traveled northwest from Xi'an, passed Binxian, Jingchuan, Pingliang, Guyuan, Yinchuan, Shizuishan, =>

This time, Shi Congwen came here in the name of studying the Yellow River civilization, but in fact he was a secret investigator sent by the ICAC. His purpose was to understand whether the officials responsible for accounting had committed corruption after the construction of the silt dam was completed. According to reports, many people from the Ministry of Water Resources did not have much change in their property declaration, but they obviously became generous in their lives.

From the wet south to the dry and cold northwest, Shi Congwen also had some understanding of the Loess Plateau. People in northern Shaanxi called Liang, and the character "" was rare before, but after looking at the terrain of Shanxi, Shi Congwen expressed admiration for the vitality of Chinese characters, and only Chinese characters can express such complex information through one word!

The beam is formed after the original is cut. The terrain is high and the top is flat. The original becomes a beam after erosion, and the beam becomes a beam after erosion. They are originally quite large. Due to erosion, there are ditches with different widths and narrowness on the original. Many ditches divide the original into many beams. The beams are terrain with long strips and not very wide. There are ditches on the beams after erosion. These ditches cut the beam into several paragraphs, and each paragraph is surrounded by ditches, leaving only a high mound of soil standing alone, so it becomes.

Another one is the word "官", which was only known and understood after they arrived in northern Shaanxi. There were many steep deep ditches in northern Shaanxi or two opposite and steep cliffs, and the slopes on both sides were straight and less curved, so they were called "官网". This time, Shi Congwenshi and several outsiders traveled together on a car. Everyone in the same car could talk a lot. When they were gone, the driver was a little impatient. Even after saying it several times, it was useless, so he simply stopped talking.

On the way, I passed a trough, and the slope was not only steep, but also quite long. At the bottom of the steep slope, there was only a small bridge that could accommodate a car passing through, and the bridge was deeper, as if it was not easy to see the bottom. With such a steep slope, the car could not slow down, so it would be difficult to rush up to the steep slope opposite. At this time, there was no longer any talk in the car, as if everything was silent, and only the sound of the wheels sliding. After passing the trough, I climbed to the top of the slope on the opposite shore, and the driver turned around and said to everyone: Now I may understand that your life is between my fingers!

After passing three temples along the way, the other three were pale and their feet were soft when they got off the bus. Although Shi Congwen was a little scared, it was not the first time he came to Shaanxi after all, so there was basically no big problem. After getting off the bus, he came to Ulan.
Chapter completed!