.

The meaning of this is so bitter, almost shook Zhao Gang's initial ambition. Putting aside these unpleasant thoughts, Zhao Gang ordered to add dishes to the evening and entertain guests. After a while, the whole meal was all over. Zhao Gang and Huang Wanli drank and chatted, and the two had a very speculative conversation.

The next morning, Huang Wanli started teaching the emperor again

"(II) The impact on silt and river channels. This is rarely mentioned at present. In fact, the impact of silt and sand on river potential, riverbed, estuary and the entire river channel is the most fundamental impact of the construction of dams from an ecological perspective.

Building a dam on a river blocks the natural river channel, causing changes in the flow state of the river channel, and thus causing changes in the hydrological characteristics of the upstream and downstream of the entire river and the estuary. This is the biggest ecological problem brought about by building a dam and the most worrying issue for me.

You think if a dam is built on the Yellow River, billions of tons of sand in the Yellow River will be piled up, and finally the river will be artificially raised, and the downstream will not be replenished, and the upstream will eventually become blocked and the downstream will be cut off. Once water is generated, there will be a situation where there will be a lot of water in the middle of the upstream and no water in the downstream. In this way, the Yellow River will be diverted again.

Some people think that as long as the water in the Yellow River is clear, it can be managed. I said this is impossible. Even if the Loess Plateau is full of trees, the soil will still be carried out when it rains, so this is not the fundamental reason.

The Yellow River has been changed direction six times in the world

First time 2.

The second year...

Third time)>|.

The fourth time is 94;.

The fifth time is 94.

The sixth time is 55 years.

You can say that there were no Yellow River Basin 2,500 years ago.:|There are still many trees in the territory. You can see that the scenery of Shaanxi in the Book of Songs shows that there were still many forest vegetation in Shaanxi at that time, but the problem of the Yellow River cannot be avoided. Therefore, it is dangerous to build a dam on the Yellow River, and I think it will not work at all."

"It doesn't work, it doesn't work. I heard many water conservancy experts say that it is very feasible to build a reservoir in the Yellow River, and it must be built. Once it is completed, the water of the Yellow River will become a clear water river. In that case, there is no need to raise the embankment every year. I won't always worry about the flood of the Yellow River."

Zhao Gang still had a slight in his heart, "The saint comes out, the Yellow River is clear" is not what he said. This has been said for thousands of years. Zhao Gang does not seek profit or power, but the temptation of keeping a name in history is too great and almost irresistible. A few days ago, Zhang Tianli's words echoed in Zhao Gang's ears.

"If you don't build a large reservoir, you can't stop it by relying on these dams alone. Since Dayu, the ancients only talked about the word "diffusing" to control water. The Yellow River was still a harmful river for thousands of years. Now, if you want to carry out construction, you must not only avoid floods, but also make some contributions to the Yellow River. Therefore, I came up with a thought called storing water and blocking sand, and using a large reservoir to cut off the Yellow River, and it is called to eliminate harm and promote profit!"

"The people of our country have hoped to cure the Yellow River and utilize the Yellow River since ancient times. Their geographical ideals can only be realized in our current era and the era of large-scale industrialization. After completing it at the Sanmenxia Reservoir, we can go to the lower reaches of the Yellow River to see the day that the people dreamed of for thousands of years - to see the clear Yellow River!"

What Zhao Gang didn't expect was what kind of disaster would lead to if he followed this idea. The biggest water conservancy disaster in Chinese history - Sanmenxia Reservoir. Fortunately, he met Huang Wanli, a person who dared to tell the truth.

Regarding the suggestion of Sanmenxia, ​​Huang Wanli, Minister of Water Resources, naturally knew that some people did not hesitate to tell lies according to their conscience in order to get promoted and make money. People around them were confused by fanaticism; some people did not tell the truth, but knew the truth but did not dare to say it. Huang Wanli was amazing because he was able to stay awake when everyone was drunk, even if he paid a huge price for the truth.

Zhao Gang's final comment on this person is that there are not many real scientists in modern China, and Huang Wanli is one of them. The so-called "truth" here includes the tragic color of these scientists, sincerity, and pursuit of truth.

In fact, Huang Wanli’s greatness is not that he foresaw the failure of the Sanmenxia project, but that in the context of the collective loss of Chinese water conservancy experts in the face of the Sanmenxia water conservancy project, he alone fought against the "public opinion", violated his superiors, and defended the truth and his conscience.

More than a decade later, when the dam construction alliance rose, the various disadvantages of the reservoir were exposed, making people understand that the construction of a new reservoir will not actually bring people benefits in many cases. On the contrary, it needs to deprive some people of their interests and then transfer them to the hands of other people.

Despite the constant disasters caused to society, environment and economy, and despite many ways to meet energy needs and operate water and land resources, large reservoirs continue to be planned and built. Reservoir decision-making, promotion and construction processes are often kept secret, and the victims of the reservoir are rarely able to make the reservoir industrial group explain their actions to the public and be responsible for them.

Because these victims are either indigenous people in the mountains, or small farmers and fishermen who make a living by rivers, no matter which country they are in, they are politically, economically and socially disadvantaged. The construction of reservoirs allows the strong elites to control the flow of water, strengthen their interests, and deprive the original users of some or all the opportunities to use river resources.

After witnessing the evil effects of many reservoirs around the world, a professor who has guided many reservoirs, he reflected heavily: It is increasingly painful and clear that the ruling elites systematically developed the river area by transferring resources to them and their supporters, and even for their own political goals. The price is the population, regional or national disadvantaged groups, sects, and opposition groups in the river area.

Most large reservoirs are invested and built by state institutions, and the economic performance of the poor and weak reservoirs is unexceptionally covered by huge government subsidies. About tens of billions of yuan are spent on reservoirs every year around the world. However, whether the reservoir performance is really like the pre-painted prosperity of political elites and scientific and technological bureaucrats, there are few sincere and extensive comments.

|With the call to suppress or demand "the whole nation to understand the general", it is either ignored, or ignored, or not included in the calculation of cost at all.

This phenomenon did not appear in China, and it has to be attributed to Huang Wanli's loud voice that hundreds of thousands of residents in the upper reaches of the Yellow River should have a plaque of immortality for Huang Wanli. If it weren't for him, their fate would be very miserable. Hundreds of thousands of people left their originally wealthy homes and moved to remote areas with barren land, some of whom moved back and forth more than a dozen times. Life became penniless.

Shortly after Zhao Gang talked with Huang Wanli, Zhao Gang temporarily gave up the idea of ​​building a dam on the Yellow River, but some people began to lobby with other methods for their own promotion. Soon a British water conservancy expert formulated a plan to control the Yellow River.

Unfortunately, I don’t know why, but the experts I hired are British hydro engineers who are proficient in building dams. But I don’t know anything about whether to build dams, and I don’t know much about the Yellow River. There are hydropower stations and dams in the UK, but the Yellow River is different from the rivers in the UK. The Yellow River has mud and sand. It is the mud and sand of the Yellow River that makes it different from any river in the world.

Soon under the guidance of British hydraulic experts, the Yellow River Planning Committee was established mainly with the Ministry of Water Resources to complete the "Yellow River Comprehensive Utilization Plan". It was a very beautiful vision: 46 river dams will be built on the main stream of the Yellow River.

"A 500-ton tug can sail from the sea estuary to Lanzhou. The total installed capacity can reach 23 million kilowatts. The annual average power generation reaches 110 billion kW, which is 10 times that of China's total power generation in 1954. The irrigation area has expanded from 16.59 million mu of original land to 116 million mu."

Among these 46 river dams, the largest and most important of Sanmenxia. At that time, almost no one publicly opposed the Sanmenxia project. In this one-sided extreme atmosphere, the responsible experts did not dare to face reality and express their opinions directly. Some even flattered and sought prosperity.

At the first discussion meeting on the Yellow River planning, many experts praised the British experts at the intersection of local planning, but Huang Wanli spoke against it. He pointed out on the spot: "You said, 'The sage comes out, the Yellow River is clear', and I said that the Yellow River cannot be clear. The Yellow River is clear, not a merit. It is a sin."

The "British faction" depicts a wonderful picture of building high dams, blocking floods and storing sand, and allowing clear water to leave the warehouse. Huang Wanli said that dams cannot be built on this silt section. Otherwise, the floods in the lower reaches of the Yellow River will move to the Guanzhong Plain in the middle. He also believes that the natural effect of cutting the silt in the river channel and building land downstream. Building dams and sand to make the Yellow River clear is contrary to the laws of nature, and it is unrealistic, not to mention that clear water to leave the warehouse is not good for the riverbed in the lower reaches. He pointed out that after the dam is repaired, the fields will be silted, causing urban disasters.

Most of the experts attending the meeting agreed with the design of British experts, and Huang Wanli was alone in a slander. After seven days of argument, Huang Wanli withdrew angrily and proposed to resign as Minister of Water Resources. His resignation was immediately approved, and then Zhang Tianli, an "expert" who advocated repairing dams and controlling Huang, became the new Minister of Water Resources. Everything shows that the Yellow River can no longer escape the misfortune.

In a certain time and space, there are examples of this, and the heavy consequences it causes make all kind people unwilling to see:

"Sanmenxia Reservoir was completed in September 1960, and from the second year, the Yellow River and Weihe River above Tongguan have become silted and silted.

There were 800,000 mu of farmland affected by both sides of the river, and a county town was forced to move away, and Xi'an was seriously threatened. Today, 0 years later, the soil and water conservation in the Yellow River Basin was deteriorating, and there was little water left in the lower reaches. Since the Yellow River began to flow out in 2012, it was cut off every year, and in the 1990s, it had an average of more than 100 days.

Wang Weiluo, a water conservancy engineer living in Germany, once calculated the calculation in his "Don't forget the past, the next thing - Commemorating the 40th anniversary of the completion of the Sanmenxia Project in the Yellow River". The Sanmenxia project cost 4 billion yuan in total, which is equivalent to the cost of 40 Wuhan Yangtze River Bridges. The subsequent reconstruction costs and the economic losses suffered by the affected areas are even more incalculable figures."

If kind people make mistakes because they believe in the good future, then how should experts deal with it because of their ulterior motives to deceive the public, seek benefits for themselves, and damage the interests of some vulnerable groups?

Zhao Gangdi responded to the expectations of the depositors' "experts". At the second hearing, just as all the experts were discussing the bright future, the door was pushed open by Zhao Gang, and a big black dog was following behind Zhao Gang. Under the gaze of the experts, His Majesty the Emperor calmly took the dog around the venue, and when Minister Zhang Tianli asked His Majesty the Emperor in flattery:

"Your Majesty, why are you so interested today? Come to the discussion meeting!"

His Majesty’s answer is more like encouragement to his beloved dog:

"Expert, is your nose broken? Why can't you smell the conscience? Is your nose broken? Is it because your conscience broken?!"

After saying these words, His Majesty the Emperor angrily kicked the big black dog

"Dog guy, a guy without a conscience, what's the use of me to raise you?"

Looking at the figure of His Majesty the Emperor was leaving, the "experts" all looked pale. Someone shouted at some point, "Minister Zhang has arrived." Everyone found out that Minister Zhang had already foamed at the mouth and fainted on the ground. When everyone sent Minister Zhang to the hospital, the rescue was finally ineffective in the middle of the night and died in the hospital that night.

After such a fuss, the Minister of Water Resources was still Huang Wanli. In order to calm the emperor's anger, Yung Wing had to write a three thousand words of review and send it to the emperor. While Zhao Gang was proud, he recalled Huang Wanli's words at that time and couldn't help but sweat. If he had left in anger, there would be no question of governing the Yellow River in the future, and he might have to take a big detour.

These are all later words. At that time, Zhao Gang heard Huang Wanli's words, although he knew what he said made sense, he still felt angry. He couldn't say this angry, so he buried it in his heart. After Huang Wanli finished speaking, Zhao Gang said:
Chapter completed!