.

The plan was to use the advantage of military strength to intimidate China's fighting will and then make a treaty, so it temporarily ignored the French's plea and launched a large-scale attack, and announced a national mobilization, preparing to increase the number of standing troops to six million.

Faced with the madness of the Russians, Zhao Gang had to announce the national mobilization, which was expected to increase the total number of troops to eight million. Then Britain also announced the national mobilization to increase the total force to two.3 million. Soon after, Germany began to mobilize a total of 3 million people; the French were 2.4 million, and the Americans were 3.1 million. This is a crazy era. If it is not like being overwhelmed by the times, then it will be crazy with the times.

After China, Russia and Britain fought in Asia, war also began in the Americas. After the United States gained a period of breathing, the huge war machine started to move, battleships began to launch one after another, and the army began to move to the front line one after another.

China-Russia-Germany-France-British-USA, six powerful countries began face-to-face fighting, each country faced the attacks of two hostile countries. In this battle, wanting to survive is not simply a calculation of combat effectiveness. Everyone must do their best to start their own struggle.

However, compared with other countries, China's position is really good. Although the enemies they face first were Russia and the United States, these two countries were far from as powerful as they were later, and the United States could not pose any threat to China. If they want to regain the western territory, they would need to fight with hundreds of thousands of well-trained Japanese soldiers. It would not be pacified in a few years, and even if the western region was pacified, the Americans would not be able to drive the battleships to the west to threaten China, so China's threat to the east was almost zero.

The Russians in the west have put their hands into too many wallets, so there are fewer people putting them on China. Although 800,000 seems to be a lot, they cannot be > 250,000 in the short term. Moreover, 500,000 people have begun to gather in Shaanxi, 10,000 people have been gathered in Beijing, and 560 people are changing into military uniforms in China.

In Beijing, Zhao Gang quietly reorganized the army. Of the 800 people, 600 were engineer soldiers, and only 200 combat soldiers. Zhao Gang's idea was to sit in the mountains and watch the tiger fight. While the great powers were fighting to the death, he started his own railway construction. Because the nationwide mobilization was announced, all power was taken over to him. He also carried out military control over all private enterprises, so that most of the forces could be mobilized and railway construction began.

However, the proposal of the railway minister Zhan Tianyou to build a railway was strongly opposed by Zhao Gang:

"Railway construction is an important part of the development of the western United States in modern times and an important means of the development of the western United States. As an example, the impact of railways on western regions and the development of the entire national economy is huge. I think the success history of American railways in the 19th century is worth learning from."

Zhan Tianyou also felt the same way. He was also very interested in the construction of the United States' railway. The Western Railway in the United States is the result of the joint investment of the federal government, local governments and private forces. The investment entities are diversified, but these are tailor-made by the United States based on its own characteristics and are difficult for China to copy, but Zhan Tianyou still wants to hear Zhao Gangdi's opinions.

Zhao Gang picked up the information in his hand, looked at it again, and started talking.

"After 1830, the total length of the American railway doubled every five years on average.+. The railway west of the Sippi River developed particularly rapidly. In 1840, the mileage of the American railway was 3328 miles, and the west was only 394 miles; 60, the total length of the railway was 31,246 miles, and the railway west of the Mississippi River was 2,906 miles;

In 1880, the national railway was 93,262 miles, and the western railway was 63,664 miles, while the eastern railway was only 3.76 million miles; in 1890, of the 166,703 miles of railways, the western railway was 72,213 miles, accounting for almost 43% of the total length of the railway; now, if the American railway was not demolished, it has nearly 200,000 miles, even so, which is nearly 150,000 miles, which is equivalent to the total mileage of the European railway. The main achievements of the American railway construction site are the construction of the transcontinental railway and the formation of a national unified railway network.

Zhan Tianyou nodded and expressed his thoughts

"The United States' railway construction is randomly built from all over the country, only those valuable railways were built, and then the US government began to forcefully intervene in the construction of railways, so that the main railway was built. We still need to learn from this point."

Zhao Gang thought for a while and knew that Zhan Tianyou's understanding was somewhat biased, so he explained

"In the United States at that time, private capital was still scarce, and companies were just beginning to develop, and no immigrants had the ability to build their own railways. The huge investment and the unclearity of expected income made some private investors less willing to act as investment entities.

This is the responsibility of the US government

The important task of road investment entities. 1850-1873, the federal government's railway investment was about 30% of railway investment. From 1865-1890, the total number of federal government sponsors reached 15 yuan, accounting for 10 of railway investments during this period.

The federal government acts as an investment entity, which does not mean that the government finances directly bear all the funds required, but is carried out through various forms, such as making full use of financial tools for borrowing funds, giving policy support, giving land free of charge, and unifying technical specifications.

Or based on the length of the railway, each mile is granted twenty square miles of land. Second, the state loan is reduced to the status of secondary mortgage, and the sale of stocks with a face value of 100 yuan is allowed to be sold, from the number to 100 yuan. Third, the railway company has the right to obtain railway construction land and its related public land connected on both sides for free, and has the right to build stations, railway buildings, workshops, warehouses, repair shops, etc. on public land. Fourth, in addition to obtaining the right to log forests along the line, the railway company also obtains the right to mining public land along the line.

The direct fiscal investment provided by the federal government to railway buildings mostly occurs in the form of loans, and this loan is allocated according to the railway building mileage. For example, the Pacific Railway Act stipulates that for each mile of rail laying, the government can get a loan of $16,000, but in the hilly areas of the plateau, it is 5v, and in the mountains, it is $48,000.

Up to now, the federal government has granted up to 204 million acres of land. The federal government has given the railway company land accounts for 14 of the area of ​​Minnesota and Washington, Wisconsin, Eth, North Dakota and Montana, 15 of Nebraska, 17 of California, 18 of Louisiana, 19 of Louisiana, 19 of:u|

“

"Stop, stop, why is it getting worse and wrong for me to listen to it? Isn't this a treaty that is powerless and humiliating? Is it also a money and land? If foreigners come, wouldn't it be that robbery without using a knife to make us traitors?"

Zhao Gang was a little funny. When people in this dynasty talked about land, they became a little unreasonable and always did things that were not worth the effort.

"But if you don't do this, how can you take out the funds for the construction of the railway? The United States' railway companies rely on land income as the main funds for road construction. The Illinois Central Railway, built in 1856, paid for the 56-yuan fee. The government-given land value accounts for 26% of the total investment of the Central Pacific Railway and 34% of the total investment of the United Pacific Railway. The Northern Pacific Railway Company's revenue is as high as US$136 million, more than twice the actual construction cost.

In fact, the more railways a company builds railways, the greater the benefits it gets. Many railway companies gain huge benefits by selling these land gifts. Intercepting the fees, the total income from selling land is about US$489 million.

For railway companies, the main value of land grants is not only to be able to earn cash from the sale of land, but also to provide credit and guarantee for issuing bonds. Railway companies use relatively complete mortgage markets to mortgage state-owned land, issue bonds or stocks, borrow funds from private individuals or lend to the government. In order to obtain more state subsidies and land, railway companies are trying their best to build the railway as long as possible, so that the railway line has many unnecessary bending and lacks a comprehensive plan. This is what we need to avoid, and the railway planning needs to be agreed upon in advance."

Zhan Tianyou was still dissatisfied and said loudly:

"In fact, if you don't use these companies, the state can do it with money."

However, Zhao Gang knew that once he was handed over to the country, what would be the consequences? The price increase was huge. Now these people are full of energy and have never seen any examples of failure. They always want to expand their rights without realizing it.

Zhao Gang continued to enlighten:

"If we give the money to the company, we just put the rulemakers and be silent night watchers. The rest is not something we need to take care of. If we put this money into the hands of the country, can we be assured of the money? Also, money is money, and land is land. As long as we are in our country, there is no saying that we are losing power, and we will not insult the country. As long as we make rules and protect our citizens, we do not need to be afraid of selling land."

Zhan Tianyou was in a conflicted mood. The reason why the Qing Dynasty was overthrown was the reason why the Qing Dynasty was overthrown. Now, the country is strong, but it still has to cede land. Although it is not ceasing to the country, it still has to cede to those foreigners. However, the president's words are also very correct. No matter which country it is, as long as it is accepted by Chinese laws on the land of China, it should enjoy these rights. These are understandable for Zhan Tianyou, who has been educated in the United States for many years, so Zhan Tianyou nodded and reluctantly accepted this opinion.
Chapter completed!