What is a repetitive game? As the name suggests, it is a game process with the same structure that will be repeated many times. To a large extent, whether it is business, military, political, and repetitive games are the basis of credit.

Translate it with a sentence that people who have no foundation in economics and sociology can understand.

It’s like the small shop downstairs you dare not cheat you too much, because you still have the opportunity to ask him for buying things in the future. If he loses credit for you, he will lose his long-term order.

However, the shops of tourist attractions can be fooled by others at will, because for most tourists, most tourist attractions can only go to once in their lifetime.

Even if he doesn't cheat you, you won't think about his good intentions and come to take care of his business next time. If he doesn't cheat, wouldn't he lose money? He makes less money. So the shops that don't cheat people in tourist attractions will only not be able to cheat people, and will eventually be eliminated by the most cheating people.

From this perspective, it is not unreasonable that Chinese people travel in later generations have more pitfalls. After all, they also know that Chinese people have higher vanity ratios. They are a little more money and are careful to make money to show off their own efforts. I went to several countries and posted more circles of friends this year. This year, Okinawa, next year, Bouke, next year, Cebu, Bali, Saipan... Every place knows that you will only go once, why don’t you rob customers?

If you are like those of Europe and the United States who are more confident, calm and unspoken, you have to find a place to sunbathe and take a vacation every year, either Miami or Grenada, or you don’t post to your Moments, or you don’t want to show off and have been to more countries, then the consumption of sea view sunbathing resorts in Miami and Grenada will be relatively harmonious.

After all, it is a question of cultural pride. Americans think that going to a "foreign" is just like Chinese people who think going to the southwest mountainous areas, and there is nothing to post on their circle of friends. Without living for the circle of friends, there will be no pitfalls.

It was a bit far, and I went back to the discussion between Gu Ao and Professor Vo Gaoyi.

The theory of repeated game, used in social rise and fall, is the easiest way to reflect differences between China and abroad.

You read that right, it is the difference between "China" and "outside" - in the issue of repeated game, it can be said that except for China, and the North-South Gang, which was more powerfully influenced by the ancient Chinese imperial examination culture, all other countries on the earth are from another camp.

Because they have not completely killed them and eliminated them.

The war between Europeans, until the line-up was shot in the Napoleon era, was still as ridiculous as Duke Xiang of Song and lacked deceit in the eyes of the Chinese.

They are not unaware of the benefits of betrayal and cheating, but the problem is that you cannot destroy the whole of Europe through one deception. In the future, others will unite to destroy you, the traitor, and you will stop.

It was not until the First World War started. In 1914 and 15, diplomatic principles and international law were still relatively oriented. After the two sides realized that this was the overall war between the two major camps to destroy each other, they realized that you could completely destroy the other camp and reshape the international law of the entire world, and reshape the historical view of the entire world. Only then did everything go as far as possible. World War II continued.

The Chinese knew that it was okay to be shameless as early as Liu Bang at that time. As long as this shamelessness can achieve complete unification, the other party will be wiped out first, and the face and benevolence can be taken slowly. After the knife is in hand, then burn books and bury scholars and abolish all schools of thought, then it doesn’t matter what you have done.

The slaughterer will be killed with one knife, and the sons will be killed. There will be no next business. In this case, don’t be stuck because of worrying about repeated games.

Of course, these are just historical accumulations and cultural existences. There is nothing right or wrong, good or bad in itself.

To develop and interact, we must recognize this historical existence and then treat it in an appropriate way.

If you have no repeated game of history, only success and defeat, and losers and defeats, you must adapt to their attitude. If you use the casual attitude of Americans who are arrogant and hard-working, you must be forced to use the casual attitude of "losing is just another one in decades" in a few casual years, you will definitely have friction.

Vogel and Song Yimin also understand. In fact, Gu Ao doesn’t need to say too much about the literacy words mentioned above, and those narrations are not for Vogel to listen to.

Everyone clicked until they stopped and soon got to the point.

...

It seemed to be for the purpose of not being so heavy, Gu Ao made a joke to adjust the atmosphere.

"Professor Fu, today we are just chatting, and since we don't go to the media anyway, I don't care whether it's serious. I recently read a new comic released by Japanese last year, and there is a line in it that I really like:

The same trick cannot be effective for Saint Seiya for the second time. I think this is especially suitable for you Americans to understand the Chinese issue.

Li Shimin relied on killing his brother and forcing his father to usurp the throne, so how could he let the Tang Dynasty repeat such a scene for the second time? Of course, he would be very cautious, so I think Li Chengqian was extremely stupid when he tried to repeat this kind of throne with his father.

Zhao Kuangyin was in a yellow robe, so he would immediately release his military power with a glass of wine and ensure that through institutional construction, the Song Dynasty could not be destroyed by the separatist military officials and mercenaries even if it was possible to perish the Song Dynasty.

No matter what era, I think foreigners who deal with Chinese people must always remember this in order to deal with Chinese people well.”

Vogel Vogel's expression was expressionless. These principles were too superficial, which really made him, a master of academic circles, unable to attract interest: "Gu, are you pointing something? I think these words are too cliché."

"Is it a cliché? Not everyone can learn and apply it. It is difficult to integrate knowledge and action." Gu Ao smiled and did not refute it positively, but his eyes turned, "Then, let's use the examples of the Tang and Song Dynasties to review the Ming Dynasty. Professor Fu, are you familiar with the history of the Ming Dynasty?"

"I know a little bit, that's not my research direction. Oh, Xiao Song is very familiar with it. If you want to talk about this, he can talk to you. He has been doing field surveys in Hu Jian for several years and has been studying the coastal defense stations of the Ming Dynasty and the Japanese pirates." Vo Gaoyi looked humble and asked his assistant to talk to Gu Ao about this specific issue.

Gu Ao smiled and supported the role: "You can hear that Professor Song's accent has been with Hu Jian for a long time, and he is read "Flowers" as soon as he 'discovered'."

Song Yimin's Mandarin accent is also a strange joke in the Harvard Sinology community. British and American sinologists generally either have standard Mandarin or Jinling or Cantonese, while Song Yimin's Hu Jian's accent is considered an alien.

"Mr. Gu laughed. I heard that Mr. Gu is from Qiantang. I will have the opportunity to learn Wu dialect in the future." Song Yimin laughed and said, looking very sincere. After all, he is only in his early 30s and is just Voice's assistant. He is not an awesome scholar. It is necessary to put on a low posture.

Gu Ao stopped talking nonsense and went straight to academic questions: "We are not polite. I want to ask Professor Song, according to what we just said, just by looking at the theoretical perspective of 'Don't underestimate the Chinese people never repeated the chance of playing games', who do you think is the stupidest person in the Ming Dynasty?"

Song Yimin thought for a while: "According to your theory just now, do you think that in a dynasty, there is no precedent in this dynasty, so it is strictly guarded and it is impossible to replicate its success." And the blind and random people are the stupidest?

Then I think the stupidest thing in the Ming Dynasty should be Zhu Chenhao? Zhu Di was the throne usurped by the 'Fengtian Jingnan'. He could not leave a system to prevent the vassal kings from causing chaos, and his descendants would never relax their vigilance on this point, so Zhu Chenhao was the stupidest thing."

Gu Ao thought about it and although it was not the answer he wanted, it was not wrong.

Some questions are more than the only standard answers.

"Professor Song's basic skills in the history of the Ming Dynasty are pretty good. From the paradigm I defined, Zhu Chenhao is indeed one of the stupidest ones. Then let me change the question. Do you think Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng are also one of the stupidest ones?"

Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng were both ministers around Emperor Jianwen. They suggested reducing the vassal states in their early years, but later they were unable to resist and were all over. There was nothing much to say about the specific history.

But Gu Ao compared these losers with Zhu Chenhao, which made Fu Gaoyi and Song Yimin feel incredible.

These people are just losers, but they can't be regarded as "the most" stupid, right? Isn't this a double standard?

Vogel Vogel couldn't help but rush to answer: "Gu, your words are biased. Qi Huang's operational steps to persuade Emperor Jianwen to reduce the vassals were a bit too hasty, or lack of military talents, resulting in failure. But do you analyze history and judge heroes by success or failure? This is different from the 'stupid' paradigm standard you just proposed!"

Gu Ao just smiled slightly: "Professor Song, what do you think?"

Song Yimin's face was a little pale and thought for a long time: "If you have to be far-fetched, can you use Qi, Huang, the remarks that Huang and the others who persuaded Emperor Jianwen to strengthen their confidence, decided that Qi and Huang were the stupidest people in the All Ming Dynasty?"

Gu Ao nodded with relief: "It turns out that he is still specialized in his profession. Yes, Professor Song is really young and promising and quick to react."

Vo Gaoyi shook his eyes and asked Song Yimin to explain.

Song Yimin also understood and slowly analyzed: "When Huang Zicheng was the crown prince when Zhu Yunwen was the crown prince, Zhu Yunwen once worried that his uncles were powerful. Huang Zicheng encouraged Zhu Yunwen with the allusion of Emperor Jing of Han quelling the rebellion of the seven kingdoms of Wu and Chu, saying that the vassal kings were not afraid.

Judging from Huang Zicheng's consistent scholarly spirit, they all sincerely believe that the examples they gave were correct, so according to Mr. Gu's theory, they were also one of the stupidest people in the Ming Dynasty:

Why did Zhu Yunwen play the role of Emperor Jing of Ming? Who was Emperor Jing of Han? He was the son of Emperor Wen of Han, the fourth son of Liu Bang, so he had to be Zhu Yunwen's cousin. Zhu Gaochi, the son of his fourth uncle, was Emperor Jing of Ming.

Zhu Yunwen himself was just the son of Zhu Biao, "Emperor Hui of Ming". He should be the late emperor who was not qualified to be included in the "Twenty-Four Emperors of the Han Dynasty" in the corresponding history books, that is, the grandson of Lu Zhili. Later, Zhou Bo used the excuse that "it was not born by Emperor Hui, but a slander of the Lü family," and was destroyed before the establishment of Emperor Wen. His fourth uncle was Emperor Wen.

Qi, Huang Zhenxin thought that Zhu Yunwen could compare Emperor Jing, which means they misjudged whether the vassal king usurped the throne for the first time or the second time in the Ming Dynasty. Mr. Gu said that if each move is used for the first time on a Saint Seiya, it is possible to kill with one blow. What is invalid is just the repetition of the second start, because there is no innovation, so it is purely seeking death.

Qi, did something about Coptis chinensis happen in this dynasty for the first time or the second time? I didn’t think about this fundamental problem clearly, so I was blindly confident. Who else could die if they didn’t die?

Perhaps Machiavelli said: As long as the motivation is correct, you can do whatever you want. But this is a repeated game society in the West. In a society where the nine clans are destroyed once and there is no chance to turn the tables. As long as you do not innovate your methods and have no qualifications to be measured, you are just consuming in vain and wasting national and people's strength."

(Note: Liu Bang had eight sons, and his eldest son Liu Feishu was born, so he was only King Qi. The second son Liu Ying was the eldest son, Emperor Hui, and the third son, King Zhao Ruyi, was born by Concubine Qi. He was poisoned to death by Lu Zhi, so Emperor Wen of Han, who was established after the Lu family, was the fourth son of King of the King.)
Chapter completed!